新时期云南草业的科学定位

云南是以山地为主的边境少数民族地区,种植业发展的限制因子较多,与发达地区相比,农业基础条件差,粮食生产水平低,但草地畜牧业是云南的优势产业,二十多年来,云南草业工作取得了一系列令人鼓舞的成果,形成了鲜明的个性特点,取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益.新时期云南草业发展的内部条件和外部环境等诸多因素决定,要实现云南草业的可持续发展,首先要对云南草业有一个科学的定位,要充分认识到草业是世界农业现代化的重要标志.充分发挥云南常绿草业、资源草业、景观草业的优势,使生态建设、生态安全、生态文明、生态农业始终不渝的成为云南草业可持续发展的战略思想,准确把握战略重点,合理进行战略布局,着力推进创新领域,以草地农业生态学为理论指导,把云南草业建设成为中国南方农、林、牧有机结合的具有云南特色的草业生态经济区.     

云南草业现状与可持续发展战略研究

云南是我国草原资源大省,草地面积居全国第七位,牧草种质资源和草地类型丰富多样.二十多年来,云南草业工作取得了一系列令人鼓舞的成果,形成了鲜明的个性特点和优势,取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益.实现云南草业的可持续发展,首先要时云南草业有一个科学的定位,充分发挥常绿草业、资源草业、景观草业的优势,使生态建设、生态安全、生态文明、生态农业始终不渝的成为云南草业可持续发展的战略思想,准确把握战略重点,合理进行战略布局,着力推进创新领域,以草地农业生态学为理论指导,把云南草业建设成为中国南方农、林、牧有机结合的具有云南特色的草业生态经济区,国家的常绿草业基地.     

云南草业现状与可持续发展战略研究

云南是我国草原资源大省,草地面积居全国第七位,牧草种质资源和草地类型丰富多样。二十多年来,云南草业工作取得了一系列令人鼓舞的成果,形成了鲜明的个性特点和优势,取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。实现云南草业的可持续发展,首先要对云南草业有一个科学的定位,充分发挥常绿草业、资源草业、景观草业的优势,使生态建设、生态安全、生态文明、生态农业始终不渝的成为云南草业可持续发展的战略思想,准确把握战略重点,合理进行战略布局,着力推进创新领域,以草地农业生态学为理论指导,把云南草业建设成为中国南方农、林、牧有机结合的具有云南特色的草业生态经济区,国家的常绿草业基地。     

在国家开发银行召开的西南草地畜牧业座谈会上的发言

国家开发银行投资业务局邀请三位工程院院士、云南贵州两省草业有关部门、一批热心西南草业的公司和高校产业集团总经理在国开行召开“产学研支持西南岩溶山区草地畜牧业发展座谈会”,对西南岩溶山区草业的发展有重要意义。这里,我谈几点意见。1西南草业处在什么样的发展阶段19     

面向新世纪的草地生态学研究

在我国,草、草地、草业正引起人们极大的关注.这主要是因为我国面临着的诸多严重生态环境问题都与之有关,同时,草业发展还与国民经济发展中的诸多问题有紧密联系.草地生态学研究也面临着新的挑战与机遇.     

云南牧草种子产业化的思考

近年云南牧草种子生产有了发展,但生产水平低,数量和质量都满足不了草业发展及市场的需要.分析了云南省牧草种子生产中存在的体制不顺,缺乏龙头企业,运作机制不适应产业化的要求,种子生产技术不配套、产销脱节等问题,阐述了实现牧草种子产业化的必要性和重要性,并根据云南实际、市场需求,提出种子产业化发展的具体内容和发展思路.     

新疆草业工程建设基本思路

通过阐述新疆草业发展现状,分析面临的问题,以实现新疆经济社会生态可持续发展为目标,研究了新疆草业工程建设战略问题.研究得出:1)新疆草业工程结构包括三部分,分别为草业生产子系统、草业管理子系统、草业科教子系统;2)草业各子系统的发展目标为:①草业生产子系统应发展成为与种植业、畜牧业、林业地位对等的农业支柱系统;②草业管理子系统应发展成为依靠法律法规实行行业规范管理、保证草业市场运作顺畅、草业行业协会机构功能健全、草业行业信息支撑有力的体系;③草业科教子系统应发展成为草业人才培养体系齐全,草业优秀人才辈出,草业科技创新活跃,科技成果技术推广精准迅捷的体系;3)新疆草业工程建设划分为3个战略阶段:战略启动阶段、战略成长阶段和战略完成阶段;4)有关新疆草业工程建设的指导原则和基本方针建议.     

湖南省农区草业发展探讨

论述了湖南省农区发展草业的必要性,根据全省草业发展现状及存在的问题,提出了农区草业可持续发展的战略目标、发展对策和保障措施,为湖南省农区草业经济发展提供理论依据.     

民和县草业发展现状与建议

民和县是一个纯农业县。草业在农业生产中占的比例不断提高,随着种植业结构的调整,草业发展也面临诸多问题,本文通过对民和县草业现状及制约因素的分析,提出今后草业发展对策。     

我国已成为世界草业高等教育大国

我国有近60亿亩天然草原,2019年计划治理退化草原1亿亩以上.国家统筹山水林田湖草系统治理,建立祁连山、三江源国家公园,是草业发展的契机,也是草业教育的新阶段、新机会.面对党和国家对发展草业的期望,草业教育工作者应该肩负起为国家培养草业人才的重担.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.