花肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力的研究

花(Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker)前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃;前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的淀粉酶的最适温度为40℃。前、中、后肠蛋白酶的最适pH值分别为5.0、7.0、7.0,肝胰脏蛋白酶最适pH值为7.0;前、中、后肠淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为5.0、7.0、7.0,肝胰脏淀粉酶最适pH值为7.0。     

花鲔肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力的研究

花[鱼骨]（Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker）前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃；前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的淀粉酶的最适温度为40℃。前、中、后肠蛋白酶的最适pH值分别为5．0、7．0、7．0．肝胰脏蛋白酶最适pH值为7．0；前、中、后肠淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为5．0、7．0、7．0，肝胰脏淀粉酶最适pH值为7．0。     

温度对黄鳝肠道和肝胰脏主要消化酶活力的影响

黄鳝前、中、后肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力最适温度分别为45℃、45℃、40℃,而肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活力最适温度均为40℃。蛋白酶活力从高到低依次为:前肠>肝胰脏>中肠>后肠;淀粉酶活力从高到低依次为:前肠>中肠>后肠>肝胰脏;脂肪酶活力从高到低依次为:后肠>肝胰脏>中肠>前肠。由此可见:黄鳝对蛋白质和淀粉的消化主要在前肠,而对脂肪的消化则主要集中在后肠。     

pH值、温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响

试验旨在研究pH值、温度和盐度对于墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)肝胰脏和肠道的消化酶活力的影响。从墨吉明对虾肝胰脏和肠道中提取消化酶(蛋白酶和淀粉酶),采用酶学分析方法对其进行分析测定。结果表明:pH值、温度和盐度对墨吉明对虾肝胰脏和肠道内的消化酶活力具有显著差异(P0.05)。蛋白酶和淀粉酶最适pH值为6.0,而蛋白酶最适温度和盐度分别为55℃和40,淀粉酶最适温度和盐度则分别为40~45℃和10。     

pH值对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)主要消化酶活性的影响

实验研究了p H值对大泷六线鱼胃、盲囊、前肠、后肠、肝胰脏5个部分主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活性的影响。结果显示,胃、盲囊、前肠、后肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶最适p H值依次为:2.6、8.8、8.4、8.8、7.6;淀粉酶最适p H值依次为:5.8、7.6、8.4、8.4、8.0;脂肪酶最适p H值依次为7.4、8.0、8.4、8.4、7.6。在各自最适p H值时,蛋白酶比活力从高到低依次为胃盲囊肝胰脏前肠后肠;淀粉酶比活力依次为盲囊胃前肠后肠肝胰脏;脂肪酶比活力依次为盲囊肝胰脏前肠后肠胃。     

淡水白鲳、团头鲂、黄颡鱼主要消化酶活性研究

同种鱼不同组织，蛋白酶和淀粉酶最适温度相同，淡水白鲳、团头鲂、黄颡鱼各组织淀粉酶和蛋白酶的最适温度分别为25℃、35℃、35℃、25℃和45℃、50℃、50℃。淡水白鲳和团头鲂淀粉酶的最适PH值均为6．4，黄颡鱼肝胰脏、肠、胃最适PH为6．8、6．8，6．4。淡水白鲳和黄颡鱼蛋白酶最适PH值胃、肠、肝胰脏分别为2．6、8．0、10．0和4．2、8．0、10．0。团头鲂蛋白酶最适PH值肠，肝胰脏分别为8．0、9．4。同种鱼不同组织淀粉酶均以肝脏胰活性最高，且三种鱼顺序：团头鲂＞淡水白鲳＞黄颡鱼；同种不同组织蛋白酶活性顺序为：胃＞肠＞肝胰脏，三种鱼蛋白酶活性顺序为：淡水白鲳＞黄颡鱼＞团头鲂。     

pH值对星突江鲽消化酶活性的影响

实验通过改变酶反应中的pH值,分析了星突江鲽蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果表明,胃、肠和肝胰腺蛋白酶活性的最适pH值分别为3.8、8.2和7.8,各消化部位的最高点蛋白酶活性从高到低为:胃>肝胰腺>肠。胃、肠和肝胰腺淀粉酶活性的最适pH值分别为6.6、7.4和7.0,各消化部位的最高点淀粉酶活性从高到低为:肠>肝胰腺>胃。胃、肠和肝胰腺脂肪酶活性的最适pH值分别为7.4、7.8和7.8。各消化部位的最高点脂肪酶活性从高到低为:肝胰腺>肠>胃。     

不同pH值对月鳢淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的影响

对月鳢(Channa asiatica)消化系统不同部位淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的最适pH值进行了研究,结果表明,在pH值5.8～7.8范围内,月鳢成鱼胃粘膜组织、前肠粘膜组织和肝胰脏淀粉酶的适宜pH值分别为7.4～7.8、7.8和7.8,对于脂肪酶则分别为7.4、6.6和7.0。不同消化部位的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性的最适pH值有所差异。     

四川裂腹鱼消化酶活性研究

试验采用Folin酚法和3,5—二硝基水杨酸法对四川裂腹鱼离体消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性进行测定。结果表明:在最适p H和最适温度条件下,肠道(由前至后)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段和肝胰的蛋白酶活性分别为815.25、145.10、623.43、743.93和84.84μg/(g·min),各组织活性高低依次为肠段Ⅰ肠段Ⅳ肠段Ⅲ肠段Ⅱ肝胰;淀粉酶活性分别为23.77、28.01、38.86、22.25和21.20 mg/(g·min),各组织活性高低依次为肠段Ⅲ肠段Ⅱ肠段Ⅰ肠段Ⅳ肝胰。各部位蛋白酶活性的最适p H和最适温度并不相同,最适p H肝胰2.6,肠段Ⅰ9.0,肠段Ⅱ8.2,肠段Ⅲ7.8,肠段Ⅳ8.6;最适温度为肠段Ⅰ和肠段Ⅳ35℃,肠段Ⅱ55℃,肠段Ⅲ45℃,肝胰40℃。淀粉酶活性的最适p H和最适温度也不相同,最适p H肠段Ⅰ和肠段Ⅱ8.2,肝胰7.8,肠段Ⅲ和肠段Ⅳ9.0;最适温度肠段Ⅱ50℃,肠段Ⅲ40℃,肠段Ⅰ、肠段Ⅳ和肝胰35℃。     

Comparison of Digestive Enzyme Activities in Normal and Growth Retarded Japanese Eels (Anguilla japonics)

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性.结果表明:正常鳗和僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠蛋白酶活性均在45℃时达到最高值,且蛋白酶活性(除5、15、55℃时的僵鳗蛋白酶活性外)均表现为肠＞胃＞肝胰脏;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃蛋白酶活性分别为正常鳗的29.5％、15.7％和25.2％(P＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗淀粉酶活性均在30℃时达到最高值,正常鳗淀粉酶活性(除5℃时的淀粉酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃,僵鳗淀粉酶活性表现为肠＞肝胰脏＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃淀粉酶活性分别为正常鳗的42.4％、73.7％和43.8％ (P ＜0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗脂肪酶活性均在35℃时达到最高值,正常鳗脂肪酶活性表现为肝胰脏＞胃＞肠,僵鳗脂肪酶活性(除35℃时的脂肪酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏＞肠＞胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃脂肪酶活性分别为正常鳗的41.5％、45.6％和23.2％ (P ＜0.05).由此可见,日本鳗鲡僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性均显著低于正常鳗,从而直接影响其生长发育.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.