非洲猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型和猪圆环病毒3型三重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立可同时鉴别检测非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)以及猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、3型(PCV3)的三重PCR方法,根据GenBank中登录的ASFV、PCV2、PCV3相关基因保守序列,分别设计合成特异性引物,通过对引物浓度、退火温度、循环数等反应条件进行优化,建立了针对3种病原的三重PCR检测方法,并开展了敏感性、特异性及重复性试验。结果显示:引物最佳终浓度为0.375 pmol/μL,最佳退火温度为61℃,最佳循环数为35;该方法对ASFV、PCV2、PCV3的扩增目的条带分别为873、530和217 bp,对猪细小病毒和伪狂犬病病毒的扩增结果均为阴性;对ASFV、PCV2、PCV3重组质粒标准品的检出下限均为1×10⁴ copies/μL;相同条件下重复性试验获得均匀一致的结果。结果表明,本研究建立的三重PCR检测方法具有特异性强,敏感性及重复性好等优点,可用于ASFV、PCV2和PCV3感染的快速鉴别诊断及流行病学调查。     

检测猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪细小病毒的二重PCR方法的建立

作者建立了一种同时检测猪细小病毒(PPV)和猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的二重PCR方法。根据GenBank上发表的PPV和PRV基因序列,针对各自保守区各设1对特异性引物,用这2对引物对同一样品中的PPV和PRV进行检测,结果同时扩增出942 bp(PPV)和485 bp(PRV)2条特异性片段。特异性试验表明,对其他几种病原的PCR扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,该二重PCR能检出PPV 和PRV最低浓度分别为22、11.7 pg/L。该方法的建立对临床上进行这2种疾病的鉴别诊断和混合感染的检测都具有重要意义。     

猪腹泻相关病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立同时检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪轮状病毒(PRV)的多重RT-PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的PEDV S基因、TGEV S基因和PRV VP6基因序列设计合成引物,利用这3对引物对同一样品中的PEDV、TGEV、PRV进行多重RT-PCR扩增,结果显示,该方法可以同时扩增PEDV(682 bp)、TGEV(480 bp)和PRV(297 bp)的特异性DNA片段,而对猪瘟病毒和猪伪狂犬病毒的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验结果表明,该多重RT-PCR方法对PEDV、TGEV和PRV的最低检出量分别为3.3×103拷贝/μL、3.2×103拷贝/μL和2.8×103拷贝/μL。利用建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法和单项RT-PCR对20份临床病料进行检测,结果显示,两者的总符合率为100%。结果表明建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法具有特异、快速、准确的特点,可以用于这3种病毒的同时检测和疾病的鉴别诊断。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的RT-PCR检测方法,根据GenBank中登录的PEDV M基因序列,设计并合成1对特异性检测引物,PCR产物为457 bp。结果显示:特异性试验,猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、大肠杆菌、伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)均为阴性,具有好特异性;敏感性试验,最低可检测到2.3×10-3μg/μL的PEDV DNA;126份临床上疑似为PEDV感染的病料,RT-PCR检测结果与商品试剂盒符合率为100%。表明本试验建立的PEDV RT-PCR检测方法可用于临床上PEDV感染引起的传染病病原学检测。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪圆环病毒2型多重PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

为了建立可同时检测猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)的多重PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的PRV gE基因和PCV-2 ORF2基因的核苷酸序列,分别设计了2对特异性引物PRV-S/PRV-A和PCV-2-S/PCV-2-A,产物分别为270 bp和189 bp。检测结果显示,该方法具有较高特异性,检测PRV和PCV-2的DNA最低量均为1×10~(-4)μg/μL。对136份临床上疑似为PRV和PCV-2感染病料样品进行检测的结果表明,本研究建立的多重PCR检测方法可用于临床上PRV和PCV-2引起的单纯或混合感染的传染病病原学诊断。     

多重PCR方法用于检测猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒诊断方法的建立

本文建立了一种能够同时检测猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的多重PCR方法（mPCR）。借助于Oligo6.0引物设计软件,设计了4对引物分别用于扩增PCV2ORF2基因353bp片段、PPVNS-1基因271bp片段、PRRSVMN基因美洲型434bp片段、PRVgB基因194bp片段。通过人为混合以上4种病毒进行特异性及敏感性试验,结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性。对猪瘟病毒、大肠杆菌和双蒸水的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;该mPCR方法对PPV的最低检测量为8.64×10-3μg,PRV的最低检测量为2.36×10-3μg,PRRSV的最低检测量为3.68×10-3μg,PCV2的最低检测量为2.90×10-4μg。该方法的建立对临床上PCV2、PPV、PRV、PRRSV的鉴别诊断以及以上这4种病毒的流行病学调查具有十分重要的意义。     

检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2及PPV多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank中的猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2、猪细小病毒(PPV)VP2基因序列,设计了3对引物,成功建立了检测PRV野毒株、PCV-2和PPV的多重PCR诊断方法,扩增产物分别为288 bp、419 bp、681 bp。敏感性、特异性试验结果显示,该PCR对3种病毒的最低核酸检测量分别为PRV 48.2 pg/L、PCV-2 36.7 pg/L、PPV 0.25 ng/L,而PRV(gE基因缺失株)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。对87份自然感染病猪样品的检测结果表明,该多重PCR检测结果与单一PCR检测结果完全符合。结果表明,该多重PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床PRV野毒株和gE基因缺失疫苗株、PCV-2和PPV的检测。     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立

本研究根据GenBank上已发表的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)的基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物,扩增PCV2、PRV、PPV,建立了同时检测PCV2、PRV、PPV的多重PCR方法。所扩增特异性产物片段大小分别为350、191、270 bp。该方法特异性强、敏感性高,可以用于猪圆环病、猪伪狂犬病、猪细小病的实验室诊断和流行病学调查。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒和猪圆环病毒3型双重PCR检测方法的建立

为了能够同时检测和鉴别猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)和猪圆环病毒3型(porcine circovirus type 3,PCV3)。本研究参考GenBank中公布的PRV gE基因和PCV3基因组序列,且基于PRV gE和PCV3 Rep基因的保守区域,利用Primer 5.0引物设计软件设计了2对特异性引物,随后对其扩增条件进行优化,建立了能够同时检测PRV和PCV3的双重PCR检测方法。该方法可以同时扩增PRV的429 bp和PCV3的344 bp特异性片段,而对猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖障碍与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒基因组扩增结果均为阴性。PRV和PCV3的最低检测值分别为502.0和91.2 copies/μL。结果表明该方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性。本试验建立了能够同时快速检测PRV和PCV3,且具有高度特异性和灵敏性的双重PCR检测方法,为PRV和PCV3的检测提供技术支持。     

鉴别猪伪狂犬病病毒的双重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为了检测猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)的感染情况,并进行强弱毒株的鉴别诊断,本研究建立了快速、简便、灵敏度高、特异性强的鉴别猪PRV的双重PCR方法。针对PRVgE和gB基因序列,分别设计了2对特异性引物,通过对退火温度(50~60℃,按照1℃递增)、引物浓度(0.2~1.4μL,依次增加0.2μL)的优化,结果表明,双重PCR反应的最佳退火温度为56℃、最适引物添加量为1μL。特异性试验结果表明,该方法可以扩增出PRVgE(316bp)和gB(432bp)的目的片段,对PCV2、PTV、CSFV、PPV、PRRSV、大肠杆菌的DNA或cDNA均无扩增。敏感性试验结果表明,PRVgE和gB的最低核酸检出量分别为4.4×10³和3.3×10³拷贝/μL,与单一PCR方法的敏感性相近。应用该方法对广东、广西地区临床送检的56份组织样品进行检测,检测结果显示,强毒感染阳性率为53.6%(30/56),阴性率为46.4%(26/56),未发现有弱毒感染。     

Response of cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus to bovine leukosis virus

Six cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and seronegative, and two control, virus negative seropositive cattle were inoculated with lymphocytes infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV). The two controls produced a normal immune response to BLV, developing antibodies at four and five weeks after inoculation. Two of the six cattle persistently infected with BVDV developed a strong antibody response by six weeks after inoculation with BLV. Four developed a depressed response to BLV, characterised in three by a 'hooking' reaction in the immunodiffusion test which persisted in successive bleedings but was interspersed occasionally by a weak positive reaction. In one of these animals, a series of 'hooking' reactions was followed by a number of negative results. The fourth animal remained serologically negative until 16 weeks after inoculation when a 'hooking' reaction was observed followed by a series of negative results. BLV was isolated from all the cattle persistently infected with BVDV at 42 or 58 weeks after inoculation regardless of whether the serum samples gave negative, 'hooking', weak positive or positive reactions in the immunodiffusion test. BLV was consistently isolated from the nasal secretions of a steer which was BVDV negative but seropositive. The possibility of decreased immune responsiveness to BLV in animals persistently infected with BVDV should be considered when formulating regulations governing the testing of animals for freedom from BLV.     

Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.

Ophthalmic manifestations of FeLV or FIV infection can occur in all ocular tissues and may be manifestations of direct viral effects or secondary to viral-related malignant transformation. Additionally, the manifestations of common feline ophthalmic pathogens may be more severe and poorly responsive to therapy because of the immunosuppressive effects of FeLV or FIV infection. Prompt diagnosis of underlying viral infection in cats with ophthalmic disease is paramount for accurate diagnosis and prognosis and is required for appropriate therapeutic decision making.     

Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus,Aino virus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of Europe since 2011. It can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. SBV, a member of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus, is closely related to Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINOV) among others. In the present study, 4 Holstein-Friesian calves were immunized twice four weeks apart with a multivalent, inactivated vaccine against AKAV and AINOV. Another 4 calves were kept as unvaccinated controls. All animals were clinically, serologically and virologically examined before and after challenge infection with SBV. AKAV- and AINOV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected one week before challenge infection, while SBV-specific antibodies were detectable only thereafter. SBV genome was detected in all vaccinated animals and 3 out of 4 controls in serum samples taken after challenge infection. In conclusion, the investigated vaccine was not able to prevent an SBV-infection. Thus, vaccines for other related Simbu serogroup viruses can not substitute SBV-specific vaccines as an instrument for disease control.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine

In February 1999, 12 Dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) could be isolated. All vaccine batches that were on the Dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for BVDV. In total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. Batch numbers TX3607, VB3914, VB3915, VB4046, TW3391, and TV3294 were positive for BVDV type 1, and batch number WG4622 was positive for BVDV type 2. This latter batch induced clinical signs of BVDV in an animal experiment with susceptible animals.     

Persistent bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a bull

Investigation of a sight defect in a pedigree bull, born as a result of artificial insemination and ovum transplantation, led to the finding that the animal was persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. Virus was cultured from blood and from nasal and ocular swabs and was present in semen in high titre. At necropsy, virus was cultured from a wide range of tissues. The pathological findings are described and discussed as are the potential hazards of such infections.