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1.
广东省杉木无性系选育研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
广东省杉木无性系选育协作组 《广东林业科技》2003,19(3):1-5
对广东省 16块 6~ 10年生的杉木无性系试验林生长进行分析 ,结果表明 :生长性状方差分析 ,无性系间生长量差异达显著水平以上的试验林占 88.2 % ,各试验林最优无性系与最劣无性系的材积比值介于1.9~ 6 1.9之间 ,差异极显著 ;无性系树高、胸径和材积的重复力分别为 0 .6 5 3,0 .6 5 1和 0 .6 17,属于中上水平 ;遗传变异系数 ,材积 >胸径 >树高。当选择率为 0 .0 5 ,0 .10 ,0 .2 0时 ,材积的遗传增益依次为 4 9.86 % ,4 2 36 % ,33.88% ,现实增益依次为 10 5 .11% ,88.71% ,71.0 9% ,现实增益为遗传增益的两倍。按选择标准选择 ,有 78个无性系入选 ,入选率为 8.1% ,其树高、胸径、单株材积的平均增益分别为 2 5 .16 % ,31.2 6 %和93.90 %。无性系早期 (3~ 5年生 )选择至 6~ 10年生时的选准率为 6 3.5 %。 相似文献
2.
杉木无性系生长和木材密度的遗传变异及选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了8年生杉木无性系试验林的树高、胸径、材积和木材密度的遗传变异规律。结果表明:试验中各性状在无性系间存在显著差异,遗传变异系数树高为9.0%,胸径为13.7%,材积为30.0%,而木材密度只有6.7%,各性状均有较高的重复力,木材密度和胸径的重复力在90.0%以上。树高、胸径、材积3个生长性状间有较高的遗传正相关,而胸径、材 与木材密度间表现出中度的遗传负相关,树高与木材密度间则表现出弱度的遗 相似文献
3.
杉木82个无性系间1-4年生树高差异极显著,生长量最大相差达1.6-2.7倍。遗传变异系12.5-22.8%,广义遗传力估值0.633-0.941,遗传变异幅度和遗传控制程度都有随树龄增大而变小的趋向。按10%的入选率,中选无性系的树高平衡遗传增益可达25%左右,但无性系相对于种子园子代的树高生长优势可能因树龄小而尚水表达出来,2年生与3进行了分析和讨论,认为以提高木材产量为目标选择优良无性系的工 相似文献
4.
杉木无性系生长表现和优良无性系选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对营造在福建省洋口国有林场的10年生杉木无性系测定林进行调查分析得出:试验林总体生长表现较好,树高、胸径和材积生长在无性系间存在明显差异,达极显著水平;无性系的重复力均比较大,其中胸径和材积的无性系重复力达0.691和0.757,无性系的生长稳定性较好;通过综合比较,从试验林选择出优良无性系5个,10年生时平均材积遗传增益达23%以上,材积现实增益达30%以上,表现出明显的生长优势。 相似文献
5.
对15个尾叶桉无性系1年生幼林的生长进行初步分析,结果表明,无性系间树高生长差异极显著,来自湛江市的U2和U8尾叶桉无性系生长最好。尤其是U2的树高生长是最差无性系U9的1.34倍,胸径生长差异显著或不显著;大多数无性系生长表现优于作为对照的优良种源。立地与无性系间的交互作用不显著,无性系在不同立地的效应较为一致。 相似文献
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直干桉,蓝桉无性系多点测定的初步分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
经方分析后发现,3个试验点的直干桉,蓝桉无性测定林在1994年7月以前造的,其处理间的生长差异显著或极显著,干干桉的生长差异比蓝桉更大。将造林时的苗高作协方差分析,用回归系数调整树高后,大部分无性系的树高都超过对照。对无性系与环境的交互作?初步结果的分析表明,多数地点、地点无性系的差异显著。以实测值(并非调整值)选材积超过对照25%的直干桉无性系7个。蓝桉无性系6个,最好无性系的材积分别为对照的2 相似文献
10.
杉木生长性状配合力分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
报道了杉木6个优树无性系半双列交配设计在两个试验点造林5.5年的试验结果;在遗传控制方式中,杉木生长同时受一般配合力和特殊配合力控制,特殊配合力效应不低于一般配合力效应;树高,胸径和材积3个生长性状家系的广义遗传0.731-0.801,狭义遗传0.228-0.481;杂种优良只有少量组合具有正向优势,其中材积杂种优势最高达26.06%,亲本配合力效应及组合生长在亲本间,组合间和地点间均存在显著差异 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献