草鱼内脏鱼油乙醇提取研究及其脂舫酸组成分析

对无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏鱼油工艺进行了研究,并分析了鱼油的基本理化性质和脂肪酸组成,主要研究了料液比对鱼油提取率的影响。无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏鱼油的工艺为:料液比(w:v)1:8,提取温度55℃,提取时间3小时。在此工艺条件下,粗鱼油提取率为87.6%。粗鱼油经85%磷酸脱胶、4%NaOH脱酸、活性白土脱色后,鱼油呈浅黄色透明状,酸价、过氧化值较低;经冬化处理后的鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸含量约为81.5%。     

鲣鱼加工废弃物中鱼油的提取及纯化的工艺研究

鱼油所含的不饱和脂肪酸既有助于脂的消化吸收、转运和形成,又是生物膜的重要结构物质.鲣鱼加工中产生大量的下脚料,如果用于提取鱼油,可以创造可观的经济效益.本文探讨了利用鲣鱼加工废弃物提取、精制、纯化鱼油的工艺条件,并且对从鲤鱼废弃物中提取鱼油并纯化出高不饱和脂肪酸的方法进行了研究,得到的鱼油中高不饱和脂肪酸占24%,其中...     

超声波辅助提取金枪鱼蒸煮液鱼油工艺研究及品质分析

为探索金枪鱼蒸煮液鱼油高值化开发利用技术,对超声辅助乙醇提取金枪鱼蒸煮液鱼油工艺进行优化,通过单因素试验研究液料比、温度、时间和功率对鱼油提取率的影响,在此基础上采用响应面法进一步优化工艺条件.试验结果表明,最优工艺条件为:提取温度34℃,提取时长60 min,超声功率154 W.该工艺条件下鱼油的提取率为91.32％...     

鱼油脱胶、脱色脱臭工艺的研究

粗鳀鱼油不仅腥味重、颜色深、凝固点高,而且还含有少许蛋白、胶质、粘液质、游离脂肪酸、水分、脂溶色素等杂质,尤其是鱼油中多烯不饱和脂肪酸的氧化和非脂肪成分的腐败产生的臭味物质,更是有毒害作用。为此,本研究对鳀鱼油精炼工艺进行了以下两方面的试验工作:对经典的油脂加工中的脱胶、脱酸、白土脱色工艺进行了改进研究;研究超临界和亚临界状态下的几种有机和无机溶剂对粗鳀鱼油中非理想成分棗游离脂肪酸、脂溶性色素、挥发性和非挥发性的醛类、酮类、醇类臭味物质的选择性溶解,来达到脱酸、脱色、脱臭目的,以代替经典的填料塔脱酸、脱…     

酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼鱼头中提取鱼油的研究

利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼加工的下脚料--鱼头中提取鱼油.以鱼油提取率为指标,选择合适的蛋白酶,研究了酶解工艺条件对提取率的影响.研究结果表明:胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的酶解工艺参数为酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1%,底物浓度1:1,酶解时间4h,酶解pH值8.在此条件下,粗鱼油的提取率为4.22%,理化指标达到了SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38.47%,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23.63%和4.84%.     

精制鳀鱼油的试验

本文报告了实验室内精制鳀鱼油的试验,认为鳀鱼油脱酸时宜用中等浓度的碱液,加碱量为油重2%,温度控制在55℃,脱色采用3%活性炭和3%高岭土的混合脱色法,在脱色同时减低器内压力并通入氮气达到脱臭的目的。     

草鱼内脏油乙醇提取及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏油,研究了温度、料液比、时间对鱼油提取率的影响,并分析了鱼油的基本理化性质和脂肪酸组成。研究结果,无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏油的工艺为:提取温度55℃,料液比(w∶v,g/mL)1∶5,提取时间2 h;此工艺条件下鱼油提取率可达到87.6%。精制后的草鱼内脏油澄清透明、呈浅黄色,其酸价、过氧化值较低,主要成分为油酸和亚油酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量(质量分数)为81.5%,具有较高的营养价值。     

从沙丁鱼鱼油中提取制陶成形助剂

日本宫城县在生产鱼粉、鱼油的过程中,进行设备改进和新技术开发,成功地从鱼油中提取出精制陶瓷所用的“成形助剂”,并申请了专利。这项技术有效地利用了“超临界气体的鱼粉制造工艺”,将沙丁鱼的肉末,分离成接近完全     

鱼油挥发性成分分析和脱除方法

采用改进的动态顶空技术捕集、浓缩鱼油挥发性成分，并通过GCMS分析鉴定其中45个成分，结果表明。其中14个为饱和、不饱和醛类，8个为饱和、不饱和酮类。这些物质被认为是形成鱼油异味的主要成分。通过GC分析评价鱼油储藏过程中的感观变化和氧化，结果表明，GC分析的总峰面积能够指示鱼油的气味强度和氧化程度，并和感官检验结果一致。凹凸棒黏土处理鱼油取得较好脱色脱臭效果，其脱色脱臭效率分别为86．2％和84．1％。     

提取方法对淡水鱼油提取率及品质的影响

以白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)内脏为原料,采用复合蛋白酶(Protemax)水解法提取鱼油,研究酶解条件和提取方法对鱼油提取率、品质及脂肪酸组成的影响,以获取高品质的鱼油制品.结果表明:提取方法和条件对鱼油的提取率、酸价及过氧化值(POV)均有明显影响;采用复合蛋白酶水解法提取鱼油时,其适宜的条件为酶解起始pH 7.5,酶解温度50 ℃,酶用量2 000 U/g粗蛋白,酶解时间3 h,鱼油的提取率达到85.67%,鱼油品质较好.复合蛋白酶水解法和碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)水解法的提取率高于稀碱水解法,且复合蛋白酶水解法得到的n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸含量更高.     

三疣梭子蟹活蟹肉的冷冻加工技术

三疣梭子蟹是深受市场欢迎的水产品，但是储运困难，容易变质走味，如何在低温条件下对三疣梭子蟹进行保存，是许多科技工作者研究的重要课题，本文论述了三疣梭子蟹活蟹肉的冷冻加工工艺，对加工要点和品质鉴定作了说明。     

The rise of fish oil: From feed to human nutritional supplement

ABSTRACT

This article tells the story of how fish oil has gone from an inferior to a premium oil product. With the growth of aquaculture, fish oil became a valuable feed component. Its value increased further as the belief in the health benefit of Omega-3 opened the market for direct human consumption through nutritional supplements. Strong demand, limited supply growth and weaker substitution between Omega-3 and Omega-6 has led to diverging trends between fish oil and vegetable oil prices, with fish oil now a premium oil product. We also investigated how the salmon aquaculture industry has responded to the challenge of rising fish oil prices. Concerted effort in nutrition and feed research is shown to have allowed a reduction in the share of fish oil in feed from around 25% in the early 2000s to around 12% today. This substitution effort has allowed salmon production to grow without using substantially more fish oil.     

牛至油的研究进展及其在畜牧业上的应用

牛至油在畜禽饲料中能抑制细菌的生长、繁殖;提高动物的生产性能;在动物产品中无残留、无抗药性,是一种绿色的饲料添加剂。文章就牛至油的理化特性、作用机理以及在畜牧业中的应用研究进展进行综述,为饲料和养殖企业更好的应用牛至油、加快畜牧业健康有续发展提供参考。     

The use of HUFA-rich algal meals in diets for Litopenaeus vannamei

A 15‐week growth trial was conducted with juvenile, Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to study the efficacy of using algal meals as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acids in practical diets that are designed to contain no marine protein or oil sources. Based on previous study, a practical diet was designed containing co‐extruded soybean poultry by‐product meal with egg supplement and soybean meal as the primary protein sources for formulations containing 350 g kg^?1 crude protein and 100 g kg^?1 lipid. To further refine the diets, the fish oil in two of the diets was completely substituted with plant oils and oil originating from microbial fermentation products rich in docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA). A commercial shrimp feed was also included in the trial for comparison. The mean values for shrimp final weight (17.8 g), yield (537.7 g m^?2 or 703.2 g m^?3), survival (98.5%) and feed conversion ratio (1.4 : 1) showed no statistically significant differences between diets. The results suggest that co‐extruded soybean poultry by‐product meal and oil from heterotrophic microalgal fermentation sources can be potential candidates for fish meal and marine oil replacement in shrimp diets.     

南极磷虾产品研究及发展趋势

南极磷虾生活在南极海域,资源量丰富,具有较高的应用价值.南极磷虾开发耗资巨大,在大规模商业性开发投入之前,做好相关产品与市场分析等基础工作十分必要.本文首先对南极磷虾产品的发展历程进行了分析,继而对南极磷虾产品的主要形式与发展前景进行了剖析,并对主要目标市场进行了定位研究.研究认为：南极磷虾粉和液态磷虾油是目前较为普遍的产品存在形式.其中,磷虾粉可作为蛋白质增强剂、增味剂和重要的氨基酸补充剂使用,可作为渗透调节之用,同时,可以作为矿物质来源、脂质来源、几丁质/几丁聚糖免疫增强剂、天然色素（类胡萝卜素）来源使用.磷虾粉的目标市场更倾向于水产饲料;磷虾油的目标市场主要倾向于营养保健和制药行业.相对于磷虾粉,磷虾油的市场价值更高.     

饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道黏膜结构屏障损伤

为了研究饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼肠道屏障结构和肠道通透性的影响。(实验目的)以豆油、鱼油、氧化鱼油作为饲料脂肪源,分别设计鱼油组(6F)、豆油组(6S)、2%氧化鱼油(2OF)、4%氧化鱼油(4OF)及6%氧化鱼油(6OF)5组等氮、等能半纯化饲料,在池塘网箱养殖草鱼(平均体重74.8士1.2)72d。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的方法,测定了草鱼肠道紧密连接蛋白中闭锁蛋白Occludin,闭合蛋白Claudin3、Claudin15a和胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3的基因表达活性,并结合肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构透射电镜观察结果、肠道通透性标志性指标测定结果综合分析。(实验方法)结果显示：在添加氧化鱼油后,(1)血清二胺氧化酶活性、内毒素和D-乳酸含量都出现显著增加(P<0.05);(2)组成肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构的闭合蛋白Claudin-3、Claudin-15a和胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3基因表达活性显著下调(P<0.05),而闭锁蛋白Occludin基因表达活性出现不同程度的下调,但差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)透射电镜观察结果显示肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构出现缝隙;⑷饲料中的AV值、POV值、MDA含量与闭合蛋白Claudin-3、Claudin-15a,胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3和闭锁蛋白Occludin基因表达活性均显示负相关关系的变化趋势,其中饲料POV值、MDA含量与胞浆蛋白ZO-1基因表达活性呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。(实验结果)结果表明,在饲料中添加氧化鱼油后,氧化鱼油中的过氧化物、丙二醛等油脂氧化产物导致组成肠道黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构的蛋白基因表达活性显著下调、紧密连接物理性结构显著损伤,致使肠黏膜屏障结构的完整性被破坏、肠黏膜通透性显著增加。(实验结论)     

The future of genetic engineering to provide essential dietary nutrients and improve growth performance in aquaculture: Advantages and challenges

Advancements in gene technology in recent years have been driving the aquaculture industry forward. Improvements in growth performance, feed efficiency, and omega‐3 content are goals of the industry that could capitalize on applications of genetic engineering. One of the major challenges in the industry is to reduce the use of fish meal and oil, to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture. The recent development of genetically engineered feed ingredients is one potential solution to the looming problem of fish meal and oil dependency. Furthermore, the development of transgenic fish has potential to improve production efficiency and other future desirable characteristics that relate to feed utilization and product quality. New gene technologies are beginning to revolutionize how we produce our food, and in aquaculture, will ultimately reduce pressure on wild fish stocks, help to preserve natural aquatic ecosystems, and improve nutritional profiles of farmed fish for human consumption. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current applications of genetic engineering technology to improve aquaculture through nutrition, including the development and use of transgenic feed ingredients, transgenic fish, and ultimately their impacts on nutrition, product quality, and consumers.     

鱿鱼加工副产物综合利用研究进展

综述了近年来国内外利用鱿鱼皮、内脏、软骨、墨汁、鱼眼、精巢等副产物为原料开发胶原蛋白、鱼油、核酸、酶、软骨素、透明质酸、鱼精蛋白等一系列生化制品的研发状况,展望了几种鱿鱼副产物的应用前景和发展趋势.     

海洋渔业转型系统的构建及运行机制分析

海洋渔业转型系统的构建是一个复杂的工程，主要由原因子系统、动力子系统、支持子系统和目标子系统四部分构成，各子系统之间相互作用，相互制约，维护着系统的稳定性。当然，要保证整个系统的顺利运行还需要一系列的保障条件，主要包括物质资本、人力资本、风险、技术、环境、社会服务及政府政策等各方面的保障因素，各个方面都影响着转型的每一个环节和每一个过程。     

Palm oil-laden spent bleaching clay as a substitute for marine fish oil in the diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

A 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of substituting fish oil with palm oil‐laden spent bleaching clay (SBC), a by‐product from crude palm oil (CPO) refining, on growth, feed utilization, fatty acid composition and heavy metal accumulation in the muscle of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0, 100, 200 or 300 g kg^?1 SBC. Growth performance of Nile tilapia was significantly better in fish fed the 100 g kg^?1 SBC diet compared with fish fed the 0, 200 or 300 g kg^?1 SBC diet. Growth and feed utilization efficiency of fish fed 200 or 300 g kg^?1 SBC were similar to fish fed the control diet without added SBC. Whole‐body composition, body‐organ indices and haematocrit of tilapia were not affected by dietary treatments. Fatty acid compositions in the muscle lipid of Nile tilapia were strongly influenced by dietary treatments with progressively elevated levels of total saturates and n‐6 PUFA because of the dietary influence of these fatty acids from residual CPO adsorbed onto SBC. A gradual decrease in total n‐3 PUFA concentrations were also observed with the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids in muscle lipids decreasing from 4.75 to 4.41, 3.23 or 2.37 after 8 weeks on the 0, 100, 200 or 300 g kg^?1 SBC diet, respectively. The arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in the experimental diets increased with increasing dietary levels of SBC but the concentrations of these heavy metals in the whole body and bone of Nile tilapia were not significantly different among fish fed the various diets. The present 8‐week study showed that in fishmeal‐based diets for Nile tilapia, palm oil‐laden SBC can totally replace added fish oil. The use of this presently discarded waste product from palm oil refining in tilapia diets will greatly contribute to reducing the impact of rising feed costs in the culture of tilapia in many tropical countries. Other potential benefits may include acting as a feed binder, removal of mycotoxins in fish feeds as well as adsorbing toxic substances present in the culture water.