刺五加的同工酶与遗传分化的研究（Ⅰ）——花丝长度不同的刺五加 …

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对花丝长度不同的刺五加植株进行了６种同工酶比较分析,结果显示,花丝长度不同的刺五加在酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、莱果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、乙醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）,细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）等６种同工酶酶谱上表现出不同程度的差异,由此对花丝长度不同的刺五加的遗传分化做出准则。     

金黄地鼠四种组织三种脱氢酶同工酶的研究

金黄地鼠（Ｍｅｓｏｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）的ＬＤＨ同工酶可能由三个遗传位点决定，ＬｄｈＡ，ＬｄｈＢ位点在四种组织中均有表达，ＬｄｈＣ位点仅在眼政治协商会议中表达；ＭＤＨ表面有细胞质（ＭＤＨｓ０和线粒体（ＭＤＨｍ）两组酶，ＭＤＨｍ仅有一个位点（Ａｍ）控制，ＭＤＨｓ，有４个基因位点，（Ａｓ，Ｂｓ，Ｃｓ，Ｄｓ）控制其中Ｂｓ和Ｄｓ位点在球中不表达，Ｃｓ和Ａｍ为单态遗传位点，其余为多态位点；ＡＤＨ     

十五个产地兴安落叶松种子同工酶的研究

本实验应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，对１５个不同产地的兴安落叶松种子进行酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）同工酶的分离。结果表明，兴安落叶松种子ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ和ＰＯＸ同工酶谱均存在３种类型，这是该树种在进货的历史长河中对环境的适应，且在分子水平上的表现。在用同工酶法鉴别该树种时，应考虑因产地不同而可能引起同工酶谱的差异。     

奶牛血液及乳几项生化指标与泌乳性能的关系

黑白花奶牛血糖、血清清蛋白，乳ｃＡＭＰ，ｃＧＭＰ、α－乳清蛋白和Ｆｅ含量与日产奶量及３０５ｄ产奶量呈正相关；而血清异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＮＡＤＰ－ＩＣＤＨ）和乳葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ－６－ＰＤＨ）含量与日产奶量呈负相关。     

奶牛血液及乳几项生化指标与泌乳性能的关系

黑白花奶牛血糖、血清清蛋白，乳ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、α－乳清蛋白和Ｆｅ含量与日产奶量及３０５ｄ产奶量呈正相关；而血清异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＮＡＤＰ－ＩＣＤＨ）和乳葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酸（Ｇ－６－ＰＤＨ）含量与日产奶量呈负相关。     

兴安落叶松优良种源遗传结构的研究(Ⅰ)——MDH和GOT同工酶位点的连锁遗传关系

以兴安落叶松４个种源区的种子为材料，采用同工酶分析的方法，对ＭＤＨ和ＧＯＴ同工酶进行了遗传分析。其结果表明，兴安落叶松ＭＤＨ和ＧＯＴ同工酶均受４个基因位点控制；各位点等位基因分离比例均符合孟德尔规律；ＧＯＴ—１和ＧＯＴ—２、ＭＤＨ—３和ＭＤＨ—４位点间存在较紧密的连锁遗传，交换值分别达到了０．１４３和０．２４３     

一个新的柑桔属间体细胞杂种

通过ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）诱导原生质体融合，进行了伏令夏橙（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．ｃｖ．‘ｖａｌｅｎｃｉａ’）＋枳橙（ＰｏｎｃｉｒｕｓｔｒｉｆｏｌｉａｔａＲａｆ．×Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｓｂ．）的体细胞杂交，培养获得了５０株再生植株．经细胞学检查和同工酶分析鉴定，确认有６株为伏令夏橙和枳橙的体细胞杂种，它们均为四倍体（２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３６），具有双亲综合的ＧＯＴ和ＳＫＤＨ同工酶带型．融合后原生质体经３种培养方式比较结果表明，以ＬＭＴ（低熔点琼脂糖）软包埋培养效果最好．     

刺五加的同工酶与遗传分化的研究（II）：花丝长度不同的刺五加？…

该文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了花丝长度不同的三个刺五加类群的异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）和酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）五种同工酶型。结果显示,在多态位点０．９９标准下,刺五加多态位点比例（Ｐ）为０．３７,平均每个位点的预期杂合度（Ｈｅ）为０．３２００￣０．３８７７,平均每个位点的实际杂合度（Ｈ０）为０．２７０３￣０．３５９９,刺五加     

鲁北白山羊血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

鲁北白山羊血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究李福昌秦孜娟王建民王中华谷凤柱（山东农业大学动物科技学院）（茌平县农业局关键词：鲁北白山羊;ＬＤＨ同工酶;电泳中图法分类号：Ｓ８２７ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＬＤＨＩＳＯＺＹＭＥＩＮＳＥＲＵＭＯＦＬＵＢＥＩＷＨＩＴＥＧＯＡＴ...     

隐性乳房炎乳汁中体细胞和病原菌及酶间的相关性

对奶牛隐性乳房炎乳汁中体细胞、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（ＧＦＴ）和血清白蛋白（ＳＡ）及病原微生物的相关性进行了研究。结果发现ＬＤＨ，ＡＣＰ，ＧＯＴ，ＧＰＴ的活性和ｓＡ的含量变化与白细胞数之间存在极显著的相关关系（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以ＬＤＨ的相关性最强（ｒ＝０．８５８）；ＡＬＰ与体细胞数之间无相关关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）．不同的乳房炎病原微生物感染乳腺呈现不同的酶象变化，与阴性感染的乳腺相比，各酶的活性均出现增加，尤以金黄色葡萄球菌感染的乳腺有关酶的增加幅度最为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

哈尔滨地区猪，犬旋毛虫扫描电镜比较观察

研究结果表明，猪、犬旋毛虫头部、表皮、皮下腺细胞开孔、生殖乳突、泄殖腔开口和交合钟以及雌虫的阴门与肛门的形态结构基本相同．犬旋毛虫雄性成虫伪囊顶端较尖，呈圆锥形；而猪旋毛虫的伪囊顶端有的较钝圆，又有的较尖，呈圆锥形，由于猪旋毛虫的伪囊本身形态上就有变异，因此，猪、犬旋毛虫之间难以区别．     

旋毛虫各隔离种某些生物学特性的研究

通过对猪、犬旋毛虫和国际标准隔离种:旋毛形线虫(T.spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(T.nativa)的研究发现,猪旋毛虫和 T.spiralis 在小鼠膈肌中出现保姆细胞的时间比较早,分别于感染第16d 和18d 出现,第38d 和36d 所有幼虫都已形成保姆细胞,而犬旋毛虫和 T.nativa 出现保姆细胞的时间较晚,于感染第20d 和22d 出现,第32d 完全形成.猪旋毛虫和 T.spiralis 雌虫体外培养24h 平均产新生幼虫数分别为66.0和76.2,而犬旋毛虫和 T.nativa 分别是28.8和22.0,前二者在雌虫体外产新生幼虫能力上明显高于后二者.研究结果表明,黑龙江猪旋毛虫为 T.spiralis,犬旋毛虫为 T.nativa.     

不同旋毛虫隔离种对低温抵抗力的研究

分别用来自黑龙江省猪、犬体内的旋毛虫和国际标准虫种旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis)和本地毛形线虫(Trichinella nativa)感染兔,在-20℃和-30℃条件下对其进行冷冻试验。结果表明,猪旋毛虫和T.spiralis对低温耐受性较差,兔肌肉内的猪旋毛虫幼虫在-20℃经7 d、在-30℃经1 d就失去感染性,T.spiralis的幼虫在-20℃经1 d、在-30℃经1 d已全部死亡;而犬旋毛虫和T.nativa对低温抵抗力较强,犬旋毛虫幼虫在-20℃经20 d、在-30℃经过23 d仍未失去活力,T.nativa的幼虫在-20℃经36 d、在-30℃经28 d才失去感染性。     

黑龙江省汤旺河流域犬寄生蠕虫区系调查

本文报告了黑龙江省汤旺河流域犬寄生蠕虫的调查结果。沿河两岸20个点,剖检狗84只、蠕虫感染者83只,感染率占98.81％。本次共检获寄生蠕虫16种,其中吸虫7种,涤虫4种和线虫5种,他们分属于13科,16属。1犬体内检出1种虫体者占8.33％,检出2、3种者占26.19％和23.81％,检出4、5种者各占13.09％和16.67％,5种以上者占10.71％。分布广泛,危害严重者:犬钩口线虫,犬弓首线虫,旋毛形线虫,犬复孔绦虫,卫氏并殖吸虫,泡状带涤虫,线中殖孔绦虫和华支睾吸虫。横川后殖吸虫,园圃棘口吸虫,日本棘隙吸虫和毛细线虫在我省系首次报道。据文献记载,上述16种蠕虫均为人畜共患寄生虫,在我省人体内有重要意义的有4种:华支睾吸虫,卫氏并殖吸虫,棘球蚴和旋毛形线虫。其余虫种可能偶尔感染人。上述结果提示,狗是人畜共患寄生蠕虫的重要宿主。     

哈尔滨地区猪、狗旋毛虫低温耐受性研究

对自然感染的猪、狗旋毛虫肉进行室内和室外冷冻实验。结果表明,狗旋毛虫较耐低温,-32±0.5℃,6～8天失去对小鼠的感染力;-22±1℃,6～9个月,-15±1℃,9个月仍有感染力。冬天室外自然冷冻不能使狗旋毛虫灭活。猪旋毛虫不耐低温,-32±0.5℃,26～36h;-22±1℃,4天;-15±1℃,9天即失去对小鼠的感染力。冬天室外自然冷冻可使猪旋毛虫灭活。     

旋毛虫28S rRNA基因片段的克隆及其在分类学上的应用

为了探讨所采集旋毛虫的分类,利用PCR方法克隆了猪旋毛虫黑龙江隔离种核糖体28S rRNA序列的基因片段.序列分析结果表明,猪旋毛虫黑龙江隔离种与旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis,T1)的进化关系较近,确定为旋毛形线虫(Trichinella spiralis).结果与传统的分类结果基本一致,为传统...     

Trichoderma species from China

Seventeen species of Trichoderma, isolated from soil or tree bark from Ch ina are identified based on morphological and physiological characters, and from their phylogenetic position inferred from parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequ ences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA cluster (ITS1 and 2) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (te f1) . There were T.citrinoviride, T.longibrachiatum, T.sinensis in section Long ibrachiatum, T.…     

陕西省姜片吸虫病疫源地宿主动物的研究(Ⅰ)家畜和野生动物宿主

在陕西省汉中地区进行了姜片吸虫病家畜的自然感染调查(主要是家猪的粪检和剖检),家畜(包括猪、家兔、_家犬、驴、山羊、家猫、家鸭等)的人工感染试验以及野生动物(一包括野兔、灌、野猫、狐、野猪和糜鹿)的自然感染初步调查。工作结果认为本地区姜片吸虫的主要宿主动物是家猪。野生动物检查数目太少,不能逮下结论,但鉴于家兔人工感染易于成功,野兔是否有可能得到自然感染不能除外。作为陕西省姜片吸虫病疫源地要素之一(宿主动物)亦即疫源地的性质或类型问题,尚待了解本地区姜片吸虫病的人体感染情况后方能决定。进行了猪体姜片吸虫病的流行过程特点的调查,包括流行强度、年龄差别性、品种及性别差别性和季节性,给疫源地特点和疫病防治措施提供基础。本工作结合进行了对姜片吸虫成虫在猪体发育的初步观察。作为另文发表的病原研究的一个补充。     

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus,African swine fever virus,and atypical porcine pestivirus

With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine, classical swine fever (CSF) has been under control in China, which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.  African swine fever (ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country. It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.  Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province, China, in 2016, which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.  These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds, which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.  They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.  Therefore, developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.  In this study, three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV (5´ UTR), African swine fever virus (ASFV) (B646L), and APPV (5´ UTR), followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.  The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens (porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).  The sensitivity results showed that CSFV, ASFV, and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy mL^–1; the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation of ASFV, CSFV, and APPV was less than 1%.  Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR, compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF (GB/T 27540–2011), ASF (GB/T 18648–2020), and APPV (CN108611442A), respectively.  The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV, ASFV, and APPV was almost the same, and the  compliance results were the same (100%).  A total of 451 clinical samples were detected, and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV, ASFV, and APPV were 0.22% (1/451), 1.3% (6/451), and 0% (0/451), respectively.  This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV, ASFV, and APPV.     

Investigation on the co-infections of Toxoplasma gondii with PRRSV,CSFV or PCV-2 in swine in part of China

The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), classical swine fever virus(CSFV) and porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2) in pigs in China. A total of 372 tissues or serum samples collected from pigs distributed in 9 provinces/municipalities of China during the period from February 2011 to November 2012 were assayed for T. gondii antigens and antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technique, while the PCR was designed for the detection of the PRRSV, CSFV and PCV-2, respectively. The total positive rate of T. gondii, PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 9.14%(34/372), 50.00%(186/372), 37.10%(138/372) and 3.23%(12/372), respectively. Among the 34 T. gondii positive samples, 26 samples were simultaneously infected with T. gondii and viruses, while the remaining eight samples were infected with T. gondii alone. In addition, the co-infection rate of T. gondii with PRSSV, T. gondii with PRSSV and CSFV, T. gondii with PRSSV and PCV-2, T. gondii with CSFV and PCV-2, T. gondii with PRSSV, CSFV and PCV-2 was 1.61%(6/372), 4.03%(15/372), 0.27%(1/372), 0.27%(1/372) and 0.81%(3/372), respectively. The results of the present survey revealed that PRRSV and CSFV were the common pathogens co-existing with porcine toxoplasmosis in China, and both of them could increase the chances of T. gondii infection in pig. This is the first report of T. gondii co-infections with viruses in pigs. It is very important to understand the interactions of parasite and virus, and can be used as reference data for the control and prevention of co-infections of T. gondii and viruses in pigs.