确保农贸市场的肉品卫生安全

生猪经营放开后 ,个体屠宰户大量增加 ,为菏泽市农贸市场增添了新的活力。由于缺乏系统的管理 ,加之对农贸市场管理经验不足 ,致使一些个体屠宰户不按畜禽加工卫生要求 ,造成肉品污染。1　实行“定点屠宰 ,集中检疫”《动物防疫法》已明确规定“生猪实行定点屠宰 ,集中检疫”。为保护人民身体健康 ,应当坚决执行这一规定。2　开展产地检疫、加强市场监督按照检疫规定 ,判断家畜肉尸疾病 ,必须进行头、蹄、内脏、胴体的全面检查 ,进行综合判定。肉品卫生检验必须强调在屠宰产地进行而且应当按照《动物防疫法》及《山东省动物防疫条例》的规定…     

公主岭市畜牧兽医局强化＂六项措施＂提高畜产品质量安全监管水平

一是强化动物防疫条件监管，实行动物防疫条件“一票否决制”。加强对动物及产品的检疫监督和管理，严格规范屠宰检疫和产地检疫，保证检疫率达到100％。落实检疫员“一岗双责”制，在实行对动物检疫的同时，进行对动物“瘦肉精”的抽检，逐步实现从“环节管理”到“全程管理”；建立和完善流通领域监管制度，加强与工商、卫生、公安、质监、     

卢宝成等提出保证肉品安全的“三要”措施

河南读者卢宝成、卫陆梅来信说：为保证上市肉品安全无疫．动物检疫部门应加强监督执法，做到“三要”：一要全面排查除隐患。组织各动物检疫分站对所有上市交易和进人流通环节的肉类产品进行认真检查．及时发现和处理未经检疫或检疫不合格的、病死或死因不明的、来自疫区或来源不明的等存在动物疫病隐患的肉类产品。净化肉类市场：二要检疫把关保安全。严格按动物检疫操作规程到场到户实施检疫。对经检疫不合格的动物就地进行隔离和防疫消毒处理。实行屠宰检疫岗位责任制和责任，     

动物性状异常肉的鉴定与处理

在长期的动物检疫检验实践中,发现影响动物产品(肉品)卫生质量的因素除动物防疫条件、疫病和寄生虫病控制、屠宰过程管理、药残监控等方面外,性状异常肉的鉴别检验和卫生处理也是影响肉品卫生质量的重要因素之一.因而,应加强对性状异常肉的鉴别检验.做出恰当的卫生处理,提高肉品卫生质量.     

几种性状异常肉的卫生检验与处理

在长期的动物检疫检验实践中,发现影响动物产品(肉品)卫生质量的因素除动物防疫条件、疫病和寄生虫病控制、屠宰过程管理、药残监控等方面外,性状异常肉的鉴别检验和卫生处理也是影响肉品卫生质量的重要因素之一。因而,应加强对性状异常肉的鉴别检验,做出恰当的卫生处理,提高肉     

北京市公布动物产品检疫合格标志

《北京市实施(中华人民共和国动物防疫法)办法》已于2005年1月1日实施，为贯彻落实本办法，进一步加强动物防疫证、章、标志的管理，保证动物检疫监督工作的有序开展，保障广大市民食肉安全，保护生产者的合法权益，市兽医卫生监督检验所根据使用“检疫合格”标志的实际情况和本市生猪定点屠宰的现状．对用于动物产品分割小包装上粘贴的“检疫合格”验讫标志和用于屠宰检疫合格的蓝色滚筒印章进行了清理．并于2005年3月重新公布了动物产品检疫验讫标志代码和滚筒印章编号。     

生猪屠宰监管检查内容及处罚处理依据

生猪屠宰监管工作是畜牧兽医部门、动物卫生监督机构在食品安全方面承担的重要职责,是生猪产品流向市场的最后一道关口,做好生猪屠宰监管检查工作,对于保障人民群众肉品消费安全意义重大。笔者根据《动物防疫法》《生猪屠宰管理条例》《动物检疫管理办法》《生猪屠宰检疫规程》《生猪屠宰产品品质检验规程》(GB/T17996-1999)等法律法规,整理汇总了畜牧兽医部门、动物卫生监督机构的生猪屠宰监管检查内容和处罚处理依据,供大家参考。     

浅议市售猪肉的补检程序及处理方法

自1998年1月1日,《动物防疫法》实施以来,各地普遍实行了生猪定点屠宰、集中检疫,使上市肉品检疫持证率和质量大大提高。但是在动物防疫监督实践中,笔者常常遇到没有实行定点屠宰、集中检疫的偏远山区,还是沿用市场检疫的方法,特别是对一些逃避检疫的个体经营者经营的肉品,发现     

动物防疫屏障前移措施

随着畜产品市场大流通格局的形成和城市“农改超”进度加快,外地动物及产品进杭销售数量大增,以定点屠宰为重点的检疫管理体系正面临挑战,如何控制外地动物疫病的流入和传播,保证市民食肉安全,是摆在各级动物防疫监督机构面前的新课题。笔者通过深入分析杭州市动物防疫存在的问题,提出了6项动物防疫屏障前移的措施,现刊发如下,供大家参考。2004年7月13日浙江省副省长茅临生在全省防治禽流感工作电视电话会议上提出:“加强动物防疫屏障体系建设,提升对外来疫病的堵截能力,尽快建立外来动物报检中心,做到屏障前移,防范前移。”这为进一步加强市区流通环节肉类检疫监管指明了方向,也为负责动物检疫的监管部门职能定位,拓展监管领域提出了新的要求     

动物防疫、检疫责任实行市、区、镇三级分工的实践

1994年,我市的动物防疫检疫责任实行市、区、镇三级分工,具体做法是:按投资主体不同把畜禽场加工厂划分为三类:一类是市级以上单位和外商投资畜禽场和屠宰加工厂;二类是区级单位投资畜禽场和屠宰加工厂;三类是镇级和个人投资畜禽场和屠宰加工厂.与投资主体相对应,一类,即市属畜禽场和屠宰加工厂的动物防疫检疫责任由市级兽医防疫检疫负责,区属畜禽场和屠宰加工厂由区级兽医防疫检疫所负责,镇属和个体畜禽场和屠宰加工厂由镇级兽医防疫检疫所负责(有些职责接受区级委托).所谓动物防疫检疫责任就是按<动物防疫法>的规定实施动物防疫(检疫)责任.实行上述三级分工至今近有10年,我市仍然坚持实行,最近,对本地猪场禁用"瘦肉精"的监管工作实行"三级分工".10年的实践证明这样分工有如下优点.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.