张家川县羊寄生虫调查

为了查清张家川县山头寄生虫感染情况，进行了多次调查。共剖检山、绵羊62只，诊断性驱虫1433只，粪检1575只，体表检查126只，血片镜检438只，结果检出寄生虫59种，隶属于5纲、11目、20科、34属，其中危害严重的有胃肠道线虫、肺线虫、扩展莫尼茨绦虫、羊狂蝇、山头泰勒虫等。     

云南黑山羊新品系两年三产条件下驱虫效果探索

对舍饲云南黑山羊新品系155只,用饱和盐水漂浮法、沉淀法作虫卵计数检查,探索两年三产频密产羔体系中,舍饲山羊消化道主要寄生蠕虫的感染动态。结果表明:4月龄羔羊感染的优势虫种为毛圆线虫、肺线虫、血矛线虫、奥斯特线虫4种;到8月龄时,虫种感染增加钩虫和结节线虫。4月龄羔羊感染率最高是6~7月批次,达到60%;到8月龄时,1~2月批次感染率达到100%。4月龄羔羊感染强度6~7月批次最高,每克粪虫卵数(e.p.g)400±303,其次是1~2月、10月批次;到8月龄时,1~2月批次虫卵最高,每克粪虫卵数355±206。120~240日龄羔羊全期增重1~2月产羔批次最高,驱虫组比未驱虫组试验期总增重、日增重提高70%和72%,经t检验,差异极显著(P<0.01);6~7月、10月两批次8月龄总增重、日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。1~2月产羔批次只均净增毛重2.8 kg,驱虫与未驱虫只均增加收入42元。因此该场驱虫方案可调整为:1~2月产羔批次的羔羊在4月龄进行首次驱虫,育成羊和成年母羊可在配种前进行驱虫。     

舍饲努比亚山羊干湿季寄生蠕虫的感染及驱虫效果的研究

为探索舍饲努比亚山羊干湿季产羔体系消化道主要寄生蠕虫的感染动态,从而制定合理的驱虫方案,对云南省石林县某努比亚种羊场饲养的努比亚黑色品系进行了干、湿季寄生蠕虫的感染检测及驱虫效果的试验观察。结果表明,在干湿季生产体系中,4月龄羔羊感染的优势虫种为毛圆线虫、肺线虫、血矛线虫、奥斯特线虫4种;到8月龄时,虫种感染增加钩虫和结节线虫。4月龄羔羊感染率两批次一样,达到40%;到8月龄时,感染率最高的是2月产羔批次,达到100%。感染强度4月龄羔羊2月产羔批次最高,每克粪虫卵数（EPG）275±96,到8月龄时,每克粪虫卵数为355±206。120~240日龄羔羊全期增重10月产羔批次最高,2月批次驱虫组比未驱虫组试验期总增重、日增重分别提高70%、72.7%,经t检测,差异极显著（P<0.01）; 2月产羔批次只均净增毛重2.8 kg,驱虫比未驱虫只均增加收入42元。因此,该场在干湿季产羔体系中,驱虫方案应调整为2月产羔批次的羔羊在4月龄进行首次驱虫,10月批次羔羊4月龄可不进行驱虫,两批次育成羊和成年母羊应在配种前进行驱虫。     

羊阿维菌素中毒的诊治

<正> 阿维菌素是一种驱虫药物,用于驱杀猪、牛、羊体内的线虫和体表寄生虫,临床应用疗效确实,但如果使用过量,也会产生一些毒副作用。我县某养羊户由于使用阿维菌素过量,发生多只羊阿维菌素中毒的病例。现将主要情况介绍如下,希望引起广大养殖户的注意。1 发病情况 2004年4月,我县某养羊户对其饲养的156只小尾寒羊进行春季预防性驱虫,应用1％的阿维菌素进行皮下注射,注射剂量为0.2ml/10kg体重。用药10～16小时后,个别羊出现行走不稳、倒地不起等症     

玉树县国营牧场牦牛、藏羊消化系统常见寄生虫药物防治前后效果分析研究

目的 为了制定玉树县国营牧场有效的牦牛、藏羊消化系统常见寄生虫病防治技术方案.方法 对玉树县国营牧场牦牛、藏羊驱虫前后进行粪检和剖检,并运用统计软件进行综合分析.结果 粪检和剖检显示该地区牦牛、藏羊消化系统感染的寄生虫主要为莫尼茨绦虫、前后盘吸虫、球虫、双士吸虫、毛圆线虫、细颈线虫、仰口线虫、细颈囊尾蚴、毛首线虫、夏伯特线虫等,并且多数为几种混合感染;驱虫后感染率逐渐下降;牦牛、藏羊EPG驱虫前后差异显著(P＜0.05),并且驱虫后多数牦牛、藏羊EPG之间差异不显著(P＞0.05),藏羊驱虫前后剖解虫体数差异显著(P＜0.05),藏羊驱虫后多数虫体数之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论 该地牦牛、藏羊每年4月和10月春秋驱虫效果较好,但应轮换用药,减少抗药性虫株.     

张家川县马类家畜寄生虫调查

本文对张家川县马类家畜寄生虫感染情况作了调查，共剖检马类家畜２３匹，诊断性驱虫２５４匹，粪检６０匹，体表病料检查７５匹，血片镜检３３匹，检出寄生虫４６种，隶属于４纲１０目１６科２５属。其中危害严重的有叶状裸头绦虫、马副蛔虫、圆形目线虫、胃蝇等。     

共和县绵羊寄生虫感染情况调查报告

2004-2006年,对共和县绵羊寄生虫感染和危害情况进行了调查,结果：绵羊线虫粪检阳性率100％,线虫、绦虫和吸虫剖检感染率分别为100％、27．5％和60％,外寄生虫主要有绵羊虱蝇、草原草蜱和羊鼻蝇幼。文中并对危害以及防治情况进行了讨论和分析。     

不同药物对山羊肝片吸虫及消化道线虫驱除效果的比较试验

通过对遵义、毕节、思南等9个县（市）山羊寄生虫感染种类粪便镜检和调查，发现山羊寄生虫感染极为普遍，其感染率达100%，尤其以肝片吸虫和消化道线虫呈广泛性分布，危害也较为严重。应用硝氯酚，左旋咪唑和硝氯酚与左旋咪唑组合方式给羊只进行驱虫，并观察羊只的虫卵减少率与体增重的关系。结果用药组的体增重与对照相比，硝氯酚组平均多增重5.8kg/只，左旋咪唑组5.0kg/只，联合用药组12.0kg/只。     

山区放牧黑山羊干湿季节驱虫效果研究

通过对山区放牧山羊的寄生虫感染情况调查 ,并对在干季和湿季驱虫的效果和驱虫后的增重进行观察研究。结果表明 ,放牧山羊寄生虫感染率为线虫 10 0 % ,吸虫 83 3% ,体外寄生虫 10 0 % ;干季驱虫虫卵转阴率10 0 % ,湿季驱虫虫卵转阴率 80 %。但是 ,湿季驱虫后平均增重 2 5 8kg ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ;干季驱虫后平均增重 0 85kg ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,可见湿季驱虫比干季驱虫经济效益更好。     

关于驱虫药药效的对比试验

寄生虫在畜牧业生产中危害很大,寄生虫病的流行往往有明显的季节性。我们地区夏季牲畜放在夏牧场,夏牧场温度、湿度、雨量、光照等气候因素有利于寄生虫蠕虫卵和幼虫的发育,所以羊被寄生虫感染的情况也很严重,影响生长发育,增重和出栏,影响养殖户经济效益。为了解驱虫对羊增重中的效果,笔者于2013年7-8月在切木尔切克镇克恩德尔勒村选了3家养羊大户分3组,共900只羊群进行驱虫增重比较。调查结果显示,说明羊经过驱虫增重提高,经济效益明显。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.