施肥对老龄多叶老芒麦生产性能的影响

通过在一定氮磷肥基础上配施不同水平钾肥的研究，证明配施钾肥能增加多叶老芒麦地上和地下生物量及种子产量，同时还有提高老龄多叶老芒麦粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量，配施钾肥增加了多叶老芒麦种子中性洗涤纤维含量，而对酸性洗涤纤维几乎没有影响。     

黄河上游高寒地区建植人工草地引种试验

对8个多年生禾本科牧草品种在黄河上游高寒草地建植人工草地引种试验的结果表明,各牧草当年均出苗且生长良好,但种子不能成熟,只能达到拔节期;第二年越冬率达90%以上,无芒雀麦、垂穗披碱草、多叶老芒麦、老芒麦的青干草产量均达3000 kg/hm2以上,冷地早熟禾、草地早熟禾的青干草产量在1 500kg/hm2左右;种子成熟好的有冷地早熟禾、多叶老芒麦、老芒麦、垂穗披碱草.说明供试的8个多年生禾本科牧草品种在青海省黄河上游海拔3 400m左右的地区推广种植,效果良好.     

钾肥对苜蓿光合特性和品质的影响

通过田间试验研究钾肥对苜蓿Medicago sativa光合特性和品质的影响.结果表明,施钾提高了播种当年结荚期和成熟期苜蓿叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率和蒸腾速率,并使气孔导度增大.施钾降低了播种当年苜蓿干草粗蛋白含量,但由于施钾后生物量的增加, 施钾增加了粗蛋白积累量.低量钾可提高现蕾-初花期粗蛋白积累速度,高量钾提高了初花-结荚期粗蛋白积累速度.施钾均可提高播种当年苜蓿干草中粗脂肪含量、积累量和积累速度,但不受施钾量的影响.施钾能显著增加苜蓿产量,且低钾处理的增产效果更明显.施K2O 90 kg/hm2的处理产量最高,品质也较好.     

黄河上游高寒地区建植人工草地引种试验

对8种多年生禾本科牧草品种在黄河上游高寒草地进行人工草地引种试验.结果表明:当年均出苗且生长良好,但种子不能成熟,只能达到拔节期;第2年越冬率达90%以上,无芒雀麦Bromus inermis,垂穗披碱草Elymus mutans,多叶老芒麦E.exceisns,老芒麦E.sibiricus青干草产量均达3 000 kg/hm2以上,冷地早熟禾Poa crymphila,草地早熟禾P.pratensis青干草产量在1 500 kg/hm2左右;种子成熟好的有冷地早熟禾、多叶老芒麦、老芒麦、垂穗披碱草,说明供试的8种多年生禾本科牧草品种在青海省黄河上游海拔3 400 m左右的地区推广种植,效果良好.     

黄河上游高寒地区建植人工草地引种试验

对8个多年生禾本科牧草品种在黄河上游高寒草地建植人工草地引种试验的结果表明,各牧草当年均出苗且生长良好,但种子不能成熟,只能达到拔节期;第二年越冬率达90%以上,无芒雀麦、垂穗披碱草、多叶老芒麦、老芒麦的青干草产量均达3000kg/hm2以上,冷地早熟禾、草地早熟禾的青干草产量在1500kg/hm2左右;种子成熟好的有冷地早熟禾、多叶老芒麦、老芒麦、垂穗披碱草。说明供试的8个多年生禾本科牧草品种在青海省黄河上游海拔3400m左右的地区推广种植,效果良好。     

高寒地区两种老芒麦生态适应性和生产性能评价

在海拔3 200 m的青海环湖地区,对多叶老芒麦Elymus sibiricus cv.duoye和短芒老芒麦E. breviaristatum的生态适应性和生产性能进行了连续4年的观测与分析.结果表明:2种老芒麦在试验区无灌溉条件下,均表现出返青早、抗寒、耐旱、产草量高等优良特性.多叶老芒麦干草产量和种子产量分别达11.75和o.82 t/hm2,可作为试验区建植多年生人工草地的当家草种.短芒老芒麦干草产量可达9.50 t/hm2,可作为试验区内以收获饲草为目的的优良草种.     

高寒牧区旱作条件下几种多年生禾本科牧草栽培比较试验

经3年的品种比较试验表明,细茎冰草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦、无芒雀麦、绒毛冰草、落芒草6种多年生禾草在旱作栽培条件下,生长正常,表现良好,其中以细茎冰草和多叶老芒麦最好,无论从产量还是经济性状、干草的粗蛋白质含量等方面均表现最佳。     

几种多年生禾草在高寒地区的引种栽培试验

经3年的品种比较试验表明,细茎冰草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦、无芒雀麦、绒毛冰草、落芒草这6种多年生禾草在高寒地区旱作栽培条件下,生长正常,表现良好,其中以细茎冰草和多叶老芒麦表现最好,无论从产量、经济性状还是干草的粗蛋白质含量等方面均表现最佳。     

几种多年生禾草在高寒地区的引种栽培试验

经3年的品种比较试验表明，细茎冰草、多叶老芒麦、短芒老芒麦、无芒雀麦、绒毛冰草、落芒草这6种多年生禾草在高寒地区旱作栽培条件下，生长正常，表现良好，其中以细茎冰草和多叶老芒麦表现最好，无论从产量、经济性状还是干草的粗蛋白质含量等方面均表现最佳。     

氮磷钾锌肥配施对墨西哥玉米草首次刈割产量及品质的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究氮、磷、钾、锌肥配施对墨西哥玉米草（Zea mexicana）首次刈割产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾、锌肥能显著提高墨西哥玉米草首次刈割鲜草和干草（叶片+茎鞘）产量(P<0.05)。与对照相比,施肥处理饲草鲜质量和干质量增幅为7.00%～39.08%和6.02%～37.94%,且氮肥对墨西哥玉米草的增产作用大于磷、钾肥。氮、磷、钾、锌肥也能显著提高墨西哥玉米草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分的含量和产量(P<0.05),且叶片粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量大于茎鞘;氮、磷、钾、锌肥还显著降低了无氮浸出物含量,茎鞘无氮浸出物含量均高于叶片,但施肥对无氮浸出物产量影响不大。氮肥对墨西哥玉米草营养成分含量提高作用大于磷、钾肥,配施锌肥有助于墨西哥玉米草产量的提高和营养品质的改善。总之,氮、磷、钾和锌肥配施能显著提高墨西哥玉米草产量,并改善其营养品质。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.