斑点免疫金银染色法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒抗原的研究

用建立的斑点免疫金银染色（Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳＳ）法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）抗原,确定兔抗ＩＢＶ血清工作浓度为１：４００,ＳＰＡ－胶体金探针的工作浓度为１：８０,该法对纯化ＩＢＶ抗原的最低检出量为０．４３１４ｎｇ／点,用Ｄｏｔ－ＩＧＳＳ与斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）同时检测１５只人工感染ＩＢＶ鸡的气管,肺,肾病科,ＩＢＶ阳性检出率均为１００％,对３２份疑似ＩＢＶ感染鸡病料检测,Ｉ     

应用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测鸡传染性支气管炎抗体的研究

建立了辣根过氧化物酶标记兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ检测鸡传染性支气管炎抗体的间接ＥＩＳＡ法，其抗原包被浓度为４ｍｇ／Ｌ，待检血清与酶结合物的最佳稀释度各为１：８０，酶结合物，抗原抗体的作用时间分别为６０ｍｉｎ，３０ｍｉｎ，封闭液的浓度和作用时间分别为１％和６０ｍｉｎ，ＯＤ值大于０．２８７的判为阳性。用此法检测经ＩＢＶ灭活苗免疫鸡所产蛋孵出的雏鸡的母原抗体，ＯＤ值的Ｐ／Ｎ值为６．０，１５ｄ后降至２．０以下。检测１     

Dot—ELISA间接法检测鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）的研究

常规方法分离纯化鸡ＩｇＧ,免疫羊制备羊抗鸡ＩｇＧ二抗,以辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）标记制备酶标记物的工作浓度为１：１０００;选用硝酸纤维素（ＮＣ）膜作固相载体,建立检测ＮＤＶ抗原的斑点间接酶联免疫吸附试验诊断方法。检测ＮＤＶ鸡胚毒４０份,阳性检出率１００％;人工感染非免疫鸡的气管组织、肺组织各４７份,检出率为９３．６％;人工感染ＳＰＦ鸡气管组织、肺组织各４０份,检出率１００％。与传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）、减蛋综合症病毒（ＥＤＳＶ）、传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）无交叉反应。试验显示该方法简便、特异、快速、结果直观,便于生产应用     

间接夹心ELISA检测新城疫病毒抗原

以ＳＰＦ鸡抗新城疫病毒ＩｇＧ为包被抗体，兔抗ＮＤＶ ｖｅｒｏ细胞培养纯化毒ＩｇＧ为第二抗体，酶标记羊抗兔ＩｇＧ为指示抗体，建立了检测ＮＤＶ的间接夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ，并分别以兔抗ＮＤＶ鸡胚毒纯化ＨＮ糖蛋白，Ｆ糖蛋白ＩｇＧ为第二抗体进行了比较试验，并对攻毒鸡外分泌物样品进行了病原检测。     

兔源抗IBDV独特型抗体疫苗的制备

用纯化的抗鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）抗体免疫家兔，将所获效从较高（１：１６）的兔源抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体分别与福氏完全和福氏不完全佐剂按１：１比例乳化制备成抗ＩＢＤＶ独特型抗体疫苗，用该疫轩免疫迪卡公雏鸡和ＳＰＦ组鸡，经用ＩＢＤＶ强毒株以点眼和滴鼻方式攻击，试验组的保护率分别为９８／９８，１００／１００，４９／４９，大群免疫接种的应答率为１００％。     

应用间接免疫荧光法检测禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒抗体的研究

用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（ＲＥＶ）感染ＳＰＦ鸡胚次代成纤维细胞涂片为抗原，建立了检测ＲＥＶ抗体的间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡ）。确定了待检血清稀释度１：６４和兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ荧光抗体的稀释度１：３２的工作浓度。应用该ＩＦＡ方法对人工感染ＲＥＶ的２０只３０日龄ＳＰＦ鸡进行了检测，接种后４天时均呈阴性反应，７天时８只鸡呈阳性反应，１４天２０只全部呈阳性的反应。通过对ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＡＬＶ、ＭＤＶ、ＣＩＡＶ、     

间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测禽流感抗体的最佳工作条件

禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）感染的鸡胚囊液经差速离心后,再经蔗糖密度梯度离心,提纯ＡＩＶ,纯化的ＡＩＶ经ＮＰ４０处理并反复冻融,即为ＡＩＥＬＩＳＡ抗原,用该抗原包被聚苯乙烯微量反应板,将健康鸡ＩｇＧ提纯后免疫兔,制备兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ用过碘酸钠法制备辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ,确立了间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测禽流感抗最适工作条件,即：抗原包被浓度１．９～３．８μｇ／ｍｌ,每孔１００μｌ４℃冰箱     

PCR结合分子杂交法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒

利用逆转录－ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）特异性扩增鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）基因组中Ｍ基因和Ｎ基因之间一段核酸片段。以ｐＵＣ１９质粒载体将此片段克隆，用ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切此重组质粒，回收克隆片段后，制成生物素标记的核酸探针。用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ及生物素核酸探针法分别对ＩＢＶ，ＩＢＤＶ，ＩＬＴＶ，ＭＤＶ及ＮＤＶ进行检测，结果证明该方法为ＩＢＶ特异性检测方法。对人工感染ＩＢＶ的ＳＰＦ鸡口腔棉拭样品进行跟踪检测，证明本方法能在ＳＰＦ鸡接毒后１～１０ｄ内检出ＩＢＶ。     

鸡新城疫,传染性支气管炎二联油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究报告（I报）：NDV,…

本研究根据ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ二种病毒能在鸡胚中繁殖的特点，通过筛选上述二种病毒的最适稀释比例，将混合毒种接种９～１０日龄鸡胚尿囊腔内（简称同胚培养）使接种鸡胚尿囊液９６ｈ二种病毒毒价同时达到高峰，每０．１ｍｌ尿素液含ＮＤＶ≥１０＾８ＥＩＤ５０，ＩＢＶ≥１０＾７ＥＩＤ５０。本试验用兔抗ＮＤＶ，ＩＢＶ血清抗体封闭相应病毒测定混合毒获得成功，本研究目的在于为制备鸡二联油乳灭活功时改进繁毒方法，降低疫苗成本。     

应用间接免疫荧光法检测禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒抗体的研究

用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（ＲＥＶ）感染ＳＰＦ鸡胚次代成纤维细胞涂片为抗原,建立了检测ＲＥＶ抗体的间接免疫荧光法（ＩＦＡ）。确定了待检血清稀释度１∶６４和兔抗鸡ＩｇＧ荧光抗体的稀释度１∶３２的工作浓度。应用该ＩＦＡ方法对人工感染ＲＥＶ的２０只３０日龄ＳＰＦ鸡进行了检测,接种后４天时均呈阴性反应,７天时８只鸡呈阳性反应,１４天２０只全部呈阳性的反应。通过对ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＤＶ、ＡＬＶ、ＭＤＶ、ＣＩＡＶ、ＡＩＶ等标准阳性血清的交叉试验,证明该方法特异性强。应用该ＩＦＡ方法对我国辽宁、山东、黑龙江省部分鸡群进行ＲＥＶ抗体检测,证明该方法特异性强、敏感性高,适于在生产中推广应用。     

Detection of antibody-forming cells directed against Newcastle disease virus and their immunoglobulin class by double immunoenzyme histochemistry

Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and their immunoglobulin (Ig) class were demonstrated by a double immuno-enzyme histochemical technique. The AFCs were stained and quantified in spleen sections of chickens euthanatized at day 7 postexposure to the Roakin strain of NDV. The sections were incubated with NDV to determine the specificity of the AFCs. Bound virus was subsequently visualized with a primary monoclonal antibody (MAb), a secondary horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb, and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as substrate. IgM and IgA were stained with MAbs and an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated secondary antibody. IgG class antibodies were demonstrated with an AP-conjugated rabbit serum. The final substrate for the three Igs was naphthol AS-MX-phosphate and fast blue BB. About 64-159/mm2 AFCs against NDV were detected. Of these virus-binding cells, about 55% produced IgM, 37% produced IgG, and the remaining 8% produced IgA.     

感染鸡贫血病毒雏鸡接种新城疫疫苗后免疫功能和免疫调节的变化

雏鸡1日龄感染鸡贫血病毒，8日龄接种Lasota疫苗，以未感染免疫雏鸡为对照，于免疫后7、14、28d检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA,在凝抑制抗体（HI）滴度；胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏T细胞、IgG^ 、IgM^ 、IgA^ ,抗体生成细胞数量及T、B细胞增殖反应；胸腺、脾脏细胞因子IL－2、IFN活性的变化。结果发现，感染CAV雏鸡Lasota疫苗免疫后，其血清IgG、IgM、IgA免疫球蛋白含量明显减少，HI抗体滴度降低；胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏T细胞、抗体生成细胞数量降低及T、B细胞增殖反应减弱，胸腺、脾脏IL－2及TNF诱生活性降低，表明其细胞免疫和体流免疫功能以及细胞因子免疫调节作用均未感染免疫雏鸡明显减弱。     

Development of immunoglobulin class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for measuring antibodies against avian rotavirus

Immunoglobulin class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for detecting antibodies against avian rotavirus in serum, intestinal contents, and bile from experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Both indirect and antibody-capture (AbC) assays were developed based on monoclonal antibodies specific for chicken IgG, IgM, and IgA. Treatment of purified rotavirus with sodium thiocyanate before coating the plate improved the rotavirus-specific reading in the indirect assay. Use of Immunolon 2 plates facilitated attachment of monoclonal antibodies to the plate in the AbC assay. Addition of 5% powdered skim milk to the diluent buffer reduced nonspecific background readings. The indirect assay was superior for detecting rotavirus-specific IgG, whereas the AbC assay was better for detecting rotavirus-specific IgM and IgA. The presence of intestinal contents in the assay wells did not reduce the measurable titers of IgG, IgM, or IgA. These assays showed that SPF chickens produced systemic and mucosal antibodies against avian rotavirus.     

Normal profile of immunoglobulins in sera and tracheal washings of chickens

Concentration and distribution of the three immunoglobulins in the sera and tracheal washings of a chicken population was studied. The mean IgM, IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were 1.35, 5.09 and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The distribution of IgM and IgG in birds irrespective of age was almost normal whereas that of IgA was skewed. All the three immunoglobulins were present in tracheal washings but the level of IgM was barely detectable. The IgG was predominant in the tracheal washings but higher IgA : IgG ratio compared to that of serum indicated local IgA production in the chicken respiratory tract.     

结膜相关淋巴组织和哈氏腺免疫协同关系的研究Ⅰ．结膜相关淋巴组织缺失对哈氏腺点眼免疫应答的影响

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、免疫组织化学方法、手术切除结膜相关淋巴组织（Ｃｏｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｖａ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ Ｌｙｍｐｈｏｉｄ Ｔｉｓｓｕｅ，ＣＡＬＴ）法对结膜相关淋巴组织和哈氏腺（Ｈａｒｄｅｒｉａｎ Ｇｌａｎｄ，ＨＧ）在点眼免疫应答过程中的相互协同关系进行了研究。研究发现，采用外科手术于１日龄切除结 膜相关淋巴组织后切除组点眼免疫后泪液中ＮＤＶ－特异性ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ型抗体滴度及哈氏腺中ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ     

Immunoglobulin class distribution of systemic and mucosal antibody responses to Newcastle disease in chickens

In serum, tracheal wash fluid, and bile from chickens that were inoculated with live or inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the kinetics and immunoglobulin (Ig) class distribution of an antibody response were demonstrated. The Ig classes (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were captured using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Ig-capture ELISA). The antibody specificity of the captured Ig was confirmed by binding of NDV. After inoculation with live virus, antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes were mainly found in serum. IgM was produced early from day 4 postexposure (PE) onward, IgG was detected later from day 7 PE onward, and in the tracheal wash fluid and bile, all three Ig classes were demonstrated. After inoculation of inactivated virus, a delayed response of all three classes was observed in serum, and only IgM and IgG were recognized in the tracheal fluid and bile. The type of vaccine and the mute of antigen entrance may have determined the immunoglobulin class produced. The Ig-capture ELISA assay developed in this study can be useful for evaluating various strategies to improve the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines and to study the evoked immune mechanisms.     

Application of radioimmunological methods for checking the quality of class-specific antibodies against bovine and porcine immunoglobulins

Class-specific antibodies against bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA and porcine IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins were prepared. Their class specificity was assessed by two radioimmunological methods, namely, radioimmunoelectrophoresis and double antibody sandwich radioimmunoassay. The methods are highly specific and sensitive and do not require the use of purified immunoglobulins, but can be performed with normal serum or colostrum. It was confirmed that antibodies found satisfactory in these tests were suitable for a wide range of use including radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.     

Bovine IgM: does it fix guinea pig complement in the absence of bovine complement components?

Purified bovine isotypes IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA (secretory), affinity purified with Brucella abortus, were tested in a complement fixation test (CFT) for their ability to activate guinea pig complement directly or in the presence of 'normal' bovine serum. Only IgG1 fixed guinea pig complement in the direct test and approximately 250 ng of antibody was required to activate 50% of 3 CH50 units with a standard amount of antigen. Addition of 'normal' bovine serum as an additional source of complement resulted in activation of guinea pig complement by IgM, IgG2 and secretory IgA at levels of approximately 1200, 700 and 2250 ng, respectively for 50% of 3 CH50 units. Addition of 'normal' bovine serum did not enhance complement activation by bovine IgG1.     

感染鸡贫血病毒雏鸡接种新城疫疫苗后局部粘膜免疫功能的变化

雏鸡1日龄感染鸡贫血病毒（CAV），8日龄接种Lasota疫苗，以未感染免疫雏鸡为对照，于免疫后7、14、28d检测其哈德尔腺和盲肠扁桃体T细胞及IgG^ 、IgM^ 、IgA^ 抗体生成细胞数量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中IgG、IgM、IgA含量以及泪液、胆汁HI抗体滴度的动态变化。揭示了感染CAV雏鸡接种ND疫苗免疫后哈德尔腺、盲肠扁桃体的T细胞和IgG^ 、IgM^ 、IgA^ 抗体生成细胞数量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量以及泪液、胆汁HI抗体滴度，均较未感染免疫雏鸡明显减少。表明眼部、呼吸道和消化道局部粘膜免疫防御能力减弱。     

鸡SIgA重链单克隆抗体的制备及新城疫病毒和禽流感病毒特异黏膜SIgA检测方法的建立

为建立快速检测禽类黏膜组织中SIgA含量的方法,本研究原核重组表达鸡SIgA重链片段蛋白,纯化后免疫BALB/c鼠.以鸡胆汁中分离纯化的SIgA作为检测抗原,常规单克隆技术筛选出1株能够稳定分泌抗鸡SIgA单克隆抗体(MAb)的IgG2a、κ型MAb.经ELISA和western blot分析,所获得的1株MAb亲和力高、特异性强;采用生物素标记纯化MAb腹水IgG为检测二抗,以禽流感-新城疫重组二联活载体疫苗免疫SPF鸡为模型,初步建立了新城疫病毒和H5亚型禽流感病毒特异的黏膜SIgA间接ELISA检测方法.本研究为开展特异性家禽黏膜免疫机制的研究提供了重要技术手段.