LPS-ELISA确定沙门氏菌感染群方法的建立

在丹麦，人的沙门氏菌发病率在过去的10年里持续增长，其中肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(ST)是最主要的血清型，禽蛋、猪肉和禽肉是人类感染最有可能的传染源。1997年，大约有50％-60％的感染病例是由SE污染的禽蛋引起的。     

The salmonella challenge -part one

在过去20年里,尽管相关立法和生产管理措施得到了改进和完善,但由于受污染肉类和禽蛋引起的人沙门氏菌感染仍是畜牧业的一个难题.在目前所报道的人感染肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病例中,绝大多数仍被认为源于食用受污染的禽蛋和禽肉.众所周知,肠炎沙门氏菌一般存在于母鸡生殖器官中,因为能够顽强地在该部位定植,所以特别难以消除.     

沙门氏菌的挑战(一)

在过去20年里,尽管相关立法和生产管理措施得到了改进和完善,但由于受污染肉类和禽蛋引起的人沙门氏菌感染仍是畜牧业的一个难题。在目前所报道的人感染肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病     

双重PCR检测肠炎沙门氏菌方法的建立

沙门氏菌是引起人类食物中毒事件的主要病原之一,其中,肠炎沙门氏菌因其可感染家禽、污染禽蛋而受到广泛关注。本试验根据沙门氏菌属特异性基因片段fimY和肠炎沙门氏菌特异性基因片段sdfI分别设计一对引物,对25株沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌进行双重PCR扩增,结果显示22株沙门氏菌均出现与理论值大小497bp相符的属特异性条带,作为对照的3株大肠杆菌则未显示该条带,并且7株肠炎沙门氏菌均出现与理论值大小293bp相符的特异性条带。另外,敏感性试验结果显示肠炎沙门氏菌50336和鸡白痢沙门氏菌SP1的模板浓度分别为18ng和15ng时仍能清晰扩增出特异性条带。上述结果表明建立的PCR方法具有快速简便、灵敏性高、特异性强等特点,为公共卫生、食品安全、畜牧兽医及出入境安检等多部门检测和监测沙门氏菌提供了前提基础和技术保障。     

沙门氏菌的挑战

在过去20年里,尽管相关立法和生产管理措施得到了改进和完善,但由于受污染肉类和禽蛋引起的人沙门氏菌感染仍是畜牧业的一个难题。在目前所报道的人感染肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病例中,     

应用FP（荧光标记）技术 检测家禽的SE和ST感染

确定感染禽群是努力防止肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)经蛋源传播给人的一个关键步骤。本实验中．从肠炎沙门氏菌(SE)和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(ST)的多糖中分离的脂多糖作为抗原，建立FP方法和含SE鞭毛抗原的ELISA方法来检测卵黄样本中的特异抗体。在两个实验中每组SPF蛋鸡经口腔接种10^6或10^8CFU的SE(噬菌体型为13a)或10^8的ST。在接种后5周内采集禽蛋，各组的大多数禽蛋样本都用FP方法和ELISA进行特异抗体的检测。结果表明：尽管特异性的不足限制了抗体检测数据的使用，FP方法相对于传统的血清学方法更为简单和快速。     

沙门氏菌诱导鸡生殖道产生免疫反应的研究进展

正沙门氏菌可以通过鸡蛋(胚)造成垂直传播,给家禽养殖带来严重的经济损失,同时沙门氏菌还是引起人类食源性疾病的主要病原菌之一,许多国家出现了由沙门氏菌污染的禽蛋、禽肉等禽类产品造成的食品安全问题[1]。有些血清型的沙门氏菌还是人畜共患性沙门氏菌,可以使人类出现某些疾病。家禽感染沙门氏菌可以分为两种类型:一     

应用间接血凝抑制试验快速检测食品中沙门氏菌及血清型分型的实验研究

沙门氏菌是重要的人畜共患病及食物中毒性细菌之一,广泛地分布于自然界中及畜禽体内,由该菌引起的食物中毒占细菌性食物中毒的首位,目前虽对沙门氏菌的检测方法的研究做了大量的工作,建立了许多检测方法,但在食品检测中仍以常规方法为主,血     

3种食源性细菌免疫磁珠联合ATP发光检测技术研究

沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是食品中常见的致病菌,在国内外常引起食源性疾病。为解决食源性疾病中的微生物检测问题,本研究将免疫磁珠技术和ATP发光技术联合用于食品微生物检测,选择沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌病和金黄色葡萄球菌为检测对象,建立快速检测这3种常见食源性病原菌的富集及检测新方法。该方法在显著缩短预增菌时间的条件下,通过免疫磁珠的富集作用获得与常规增菌时间同样的效果,样品中的微生物浓度增加了10倍,大大提高了样本检出率,缩短了检测周期。结果表明,本研究建立的免疫磁珠富集后联合ATP发光技术具有快速、敏感、特异和低廉的优点,可用于检测食品中沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

用新的酸制剂控制沙门氏菌

在发达国家,沙门氏菌病是最常见的人畜共患病。据报道,欧盟每年在100万人中有730人感染此病,但真实数据估计是4500人。约有5%,的病例会发生严重毒血症,每1000个沙门氏菌病例中就有1个人死亡。近年来,由畜禽源性沙门氏菌引起人类死亡的警告越来越严重。特别是禽肉及禽蛋的沙门氏菌污染受到普遍的关注。当前,沙门氏菌是影响养猪业的重大因素之一。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.