Relationship Between Combined Genotypes of UCP Gene and Growth Traits in Chickens

The uncoupling protein （UCP） is a member of the mitochondrial membrane transporter family, which plays an important role in energy metabolism. In the present study, the UCP gene was considered as a can...     

MC4R基因多态性与鸡生长和体组成性状的相关研究

黑素皮质素受体4(melanocortin4receptor,MC4R)是G蛋白偶联受体(GProteincoupledreceptors,GPCRs)超家族的一个成员,在人和鼠的体重、能量稳态和采食量的调控中具有重要作用。实验以东北农业大学建立的高低脂双向选择肉鸡品系为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP和测序方法检测MC4R基因编码区的SNPs,结果在编码区发现1个G315T的突变。最小二乘分析表明,该位点基因型在高低脂系6世代中与7周龄体重、屠体重呈显著相关(P<0.05),多重比较显示,AA型个体的7周龄体重、屠体重显著高于AB型的个体(P<0.05);在高低脂系8世代中基因型与1、5、7周龄体重、屠体重、胸肌重、胸肌率显著相关(P<0.05),多重比较结果表明,AA型个体的5、7周龄体重、屠体重、胸肌重显著高于AB型和BB型个体(P<0.05)。由结果可初步推测MC4R基因可能是影响鸡早期生长和肌肉性状的主效基因或与主效基因相连锁。     

Association of polymorphisms in adipocyte fatty acid binding protein gene with fat-related traits in chicken

PCR-SSCP analysis was used to detect polymorphic sites in chicken adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene. Six Chinese local breeds, Beijing-You chicken, Dwarf chicken, Taihe silky chicken, Chongrenma chicken, Xiayan chicken, Luyuan chicken and an introduced foreign breed, Arbor Acre broiler, were used as test populations. Three PCR-SSCP loci were detected. Statistical results showed that frequencies of genotypes and alleles were significantly different in the test populations. Sequence analysis revealed that C → T, G → A, and C → T transitions were responsible for the polymorphisms. Some fat-related traits such as body weight, content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and percentage of abdominal fat (AFP) were measured in Dwarf chickens and male Beijing-You chickens. We found out that chicken quality was significantly related to different genotypes in these two populations. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38(6): 526–532 [译自 : 畜牧兽医学报]     

KDR等6个基因多态性与鸡生长和体组成性状的相关研究

以东北农业大学高、低脂肉鸡双向选择品系第14世代群体(NEAUHLFG14)和AA肉鸡商业随机群体(AA群体)为试验材料,利用PCR-RFLP对鸡腹脂性状的全基因组关联分析(GWAS)鉴定出6个多态位点进行单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)检测,分析这些位点的多态性与鸡生长和体组成性状的关系。结果表明,在NEAUHLFG14中KDR基因的rs14483313位点多态性对腹脂重(AFW)和腹脂率(AFP)有显著影响(P<0.05),TUSC3基因的rs13548811位点对鸡后期体重有影响,EXOC1基因的GGaluGA263078位点在两个群体中都对7周龄体重(BW7)有显著影响(P<0.05)。TUSC3、PPAT、EXOC1和KIAA1211基因的突变位点对NEAUHLFG14极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),结果显示,6个基因可能是影响鸡腹脂性状的重要基因,但多态位点是否为功能性位点仍需进一步验证。     

Association of polymorphisms in sire KCNQ3 potassium voltage-gated channel gene with cow milk-fat content

Association of the effects of the SNPs in the KCNQ3 and KCNB2 genes with breeding value of bulls of the holsteinized Black-and-White breed has been verified. The reliable influence of SNP (rs41610985) in the KCNB2 gene on the breeding value of bulls is not revealed. The SNP marker (rs41580517) in the KCNQ3 gene is associated with fat content in milk. In addition, the effect of a G to C allele substitution is equal to 0.044, and domination of allele G is observed. It was ascertained that the causal mutation should be located in the KCNQ3 gene, and, consequently, this gene is a candidate gene stipulating the SNP marker (rs41580517) association with the fat content in milk.     

Potential regulation of linoleic acid and volatile organic compound contents in meat of chickens by PLCD1

Omega-3 (linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid) polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for health and normal physiological functioning in humans. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on LA content in chicken meat. The 19 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by the GWAS approach were annotated in VILL, PLCD1 and OXSR1 genes with highly polymorphic linkage blocks, and explained 4.5% of the phenotypic variation in the LA content. Specifically, the PLCD1 mRNA expression level was negatively correlated with the LA content, and significantly higher in chickens with low LA content than in those with high LA content. In addition, PLCD1 was found to be involved in metabolic pathways, etc. Furthermore, the LA content was correlated with volatile organic compounds (e.g., octanal, etc.), but no relationship was found with intramuscular fat and triglycerides in chicken meat. The results indicated that there are key SNPs in PLCD1 that regulate the content of LA, and it has no significant effect on fat deposition, but may affect the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).     

Integration of genome-wide association study and selection signatures reveals genetic determinants for skeletal muscle production traits in an F2 chicken population

Improving the production of broiler chicken meat has been a goal of broiler breeding programs worldwide for many years. However, the genetic architectures of skeletal muscle production traits in chickens have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, a total of 519 F₂ birds, derived from a cross of Arbor Acres broiler and Baier layer, were re-sequenced (26 F₀ individuals were re-sequenced at a 10-fold depth; 519 F₂ individuals were re-sequenced at a 3-fold depth) and the coupling of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selection signatures (F_ST (fixation index) and θ_π (nucleotide diversity)) was carried out to pinpoint the associated loci and genes that contribute to pectoral muscle weight (PMW) and thigh muscle weight (TMW). A total of 7 890 258 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained to be analyzed after quality control and imputation. The integration of GWAS and selection signature analyses revealed that genetic determinants responsible for skeletal muscle production traits were mainly localized on chromosomes 1 (168.95–172.43 Mb) and 4 (74.37–75.23 Mb). A total of 17 positional candidate genes (PCGs) (LRCH1, CDADC1, CAB39L, LOC112531568, LOC112531569, FAM124A, FOXO1, NBEA, GPALPP1, RUBCNL, ARL11, KPNA3, LHFP, GBA3, LOC112532426, KCNIP4, and SLIT2) were identified in these regions. In particular, KPNA3 and FOXO1 were the most promising candidates for meat production in chickens. These findings will help enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of chicken muscle production traits, and the significant SNPs identified could be promising candidates for integration into practical breeding programs such as genome-wide selection (GS) to improve the meat yield of chickens.     

基于case-control法分析鸡脂肪性状QTL区域SNP与性状的关系

以华南农业大学杏花鸡×隐性白羽洛克鸡全同胞家系为群体,选取腹脂重性状两尾样本共96个个体,在已报道家禽腹脂重性状QTL区域相关基因中选取14个SNP,采取PCR-RFLP法进行基因定型、case-control法进行关联分析,经100000次重排检验后,发现rs16480367、rs15687533、rs16481126、rs15685408均达到显著水平,P值分别为0.0202、0.0215、0.0257、0.0319。说明这4个SNP位点与脂肪性状有一定的相关性,可为家禽的标记辅助选择提供理论参考。     

DNAJB6等五个基因的多态性与鸡生长和体组成性状的关联研究

根据鸡腹脂性状的全基因组关联分析研究筛选出五个与鸡腹脂重和腹脂率极显著相关的突变位点:rs16426347、GGaluGA262866、rs16425708、rs14087994和rs14135995,这些位点分别位于SRD5A3,SGCZ,DLC1,GALNT9和DNAJB6基因上。针对这些位点,以东北农业大学高、低脂系肉鸡第14世代群体和AA随机群体为试验材料,进行多态性与鸡生长和体组成性状的相关分析。结果表明,除了rs14087994位点,其余位点的多态性与第两个群体的VLDL存在显著或极显著相关;rs16426347位点与14世代群体的睾丸重极显著相关;GGaluGA262866与14世代群体的1、3周龄体重以及心脏重显著相关;rs16425708与14世代群体的7周龄体重和屠体重显著相关。研究表明,五个位点所在的基因可能影响鸡脂肪沉积,与其他体组成性状相关的位点需进一步验证。     

鸡lmbr1基因内含子多态与趾型的关联

 【目的】多趾是丝羽乌骨鸡的品种特征之一，但其多趾发生的分子机制尚未知。Lmbr1基因是人和鼠轴前多趾的关键候选基因，其同源基因是否是鸡多趾表型的关键候选基因值得研究。【方法】本研究以多趾的丝羽乌骨鸡和四趾的白洛克肉鸡杂交建立的资源家系为研究素材，采用直接测序和PCR-SSCP相结合的方法进行了鸡lmbr1基因内含子13的克隆、多态分析及其在不同物种的序列保守性比较、单体型分析及单核苷酸多态与趾型的关联分析。【结果】从内含子13检测到4个SNPs，发现这些单核苷酸多态构成的单体型在丝羽乌骨鸡和白洛克肉鸡间的分布呈现明显的差异，PCR-SSCP基因型在资源家系亲代和F2代均呈现与趾型的显著关联。【结论】 鸡lmbr1基因内含子13变异与调控鸡多趾表型的特异性位点紧密连锁，鸡lmbr1基因应是鸡多趾表型的重要候选基因，今后应进一步加大鸡lmbr1基因全基因组水平和其临近区域基因的检测。     

长链非编码RNA基因NRON与肉鸡生长性状关联分析

近年发现长链非编码RNA参与调控多种生理活动及疾病发生。长链非编码RNA基因NRON可抑制活化T细胞核因子(NFAT),且与心肌发育、免疫反应等密切相关。文章检测东北农业大学肉鸡腹脂双向选择系和爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡群体中NRON基因单核苷多态性位点,并作关联分析。结果表明,两个群体中NRON与心脏重均极显著相关(P0.01);NRON与AA肉鸡3周龄和5周龄体重显著相关,与高、低脂系肉鸡肌胃重、腺胃重、骨盆宽、胸角度和胸宽性状间也显著相关(P0.05)。NRON基因表达水平在高、低脂系肉鸡心脏、胸肌、肌胃和腹部脂肪组织中均差异极显著(P0.01)。NRON和NFAT在腹部脂肪组织中表达水平随周龄增加而显著升高。研究结果为进一步探讨NRON基因影响肉鸡肌肉和脂肪组织生长发育分子机制奠定基础。     

限饲对肉鸡生长及屠体性状的影响

研究了限饲对哈博德肉仔鸡生长性状及免疫器官指数的影响。研究结果表明,限饲组的日增重、饲料转化率、5-8周龄体重、腹脂重和腹脂率均显著低于自由采食组（P〈0.05）;限饲组可以提高肉鸡的脾脏指数,而且能量限制组的效果优于自由采食组。     

The Study on Correlation Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of IGF2 Gene and Body Fatness Traits in Chicken

Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ has profound effects on the growth and differentiation of animal embryo. Some researches indicated that it affects the fat metabolism of poultry.This study was designed to investigate the effect of IGF2 on chicken fatness traits.Broiler, Hyline Brown layer and three native breeds (Shiqiza, Beijing You, Baier) were used in this research. Body weight and body composition traits were measured in broiler line at the age of 7 weeks. Primers for exon2 in IGF2 were designed from database of chicken genomic sequence. Polymorphisms were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing.The total χ2 test results showed that there was a significant difference (P＜ 0.01) in the frequency of genotype among breeds. A C/G mutation at base position 139 was found among individuals in broiler line and the least square analysis showed that BB genotype birds had significant lower (P＜ 0.05) abdominal fat weight and percentage of abdominal fat than AA or AB genotype birds. From the results we can conclude putatively that IGF2 gene is the major gene affecting the fatness traits of chicken or it links with the major gene,and the mutation could be used as the molecular genetic marker to select the chicken for low abdominal fat.     

I-FABP基因侧翼区多态性与鸡生长和胴体组成性状的相关研究

本研究以东北农业大学高、低腹脂双向选择品系第9世代肉仔鸡为试验材料,利用PCR-RFLP法对鸡肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因进行单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)检测,分析该基因多态性与鸡生长和胴体组成性状的关系。统计分析结果表明,该基因c.*822G>A突变位点不同基因型对肉仔鸡5周龄、7周龄体重和屠体重有显著影响(P<0.05),对出生重、1周龄和3周龄体重有一定的影响(P<0.2)。AA基因型个体的5周龄、7周龄体重和屠体重显著高于AG和GG基因型个体(P<0.05)。本研究首次推测I-FABP基因可能是影响鸡体重的主效基因或与影响该性状的主效基因紧密连锁。     

Haplotypes at the 5"-Flanking Region of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor y Gene and Their Association with the Growth and Body Composition Traits in Chickens

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) is an important regulator of chicken preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this study, polymorphisms were detected by DNA sequencing, PCR-RFLP and some other methods and three polymorphisms (g.-1784_-1768de117, c.-1241G>A and c.-75G>A) were found in the 5' flanking region of PPARy gene.Growth and body composition traits were measured in the 8th-10th generation populations of the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines were divergently selected for abdominal fat content. Polymorphisms among individuals were screened in the above populations. The haplotype-based association analysis on growth and body composition traits was carried out. The association analysis showed that haplotypes based on three polymorphisms at 5' flanking region of PPARy gene were significantly associated with abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP, AFW/BW,),liver weight (LW), liver weight percentage (LFP, LW/BW,), shank length (ShL), femur weight (FeW), keel length (KeL), and metatarsus circle (MeC) (P<0.05) and suggestive significantly associated with pectoralis major weight (PMaW), pectoralis minor weight (PMiW), pectoralis minor weight percentage (PMiWP, PMiW/BW,), and metatarsus length (MeL) (P<0.2).The least square analysis showed that the birds with BGA haplotype had significantly higher AFW and AFP than the birds with other haplotypes (P<0.05). The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher LW and LW/BW than the birds with other haplotypes (P<0.05). The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher PMiW and PMiW/BW than the birds with other haplotypes (P<0.05). The birds with AAG haplotype had significantly higher ShL, FeW, MeL, MeC and KeL than the birds with AGG haplotypes (P<0.05). The results in this study revealed that QTL affecting fatness traits may exist in 5' flanking region of PPARy gene in chickens and PPARy gene might be one of the genes having important influences on the growth and bone traits in chickens.     

zyxin基因SNP(exon 1)与京海黄鸡生长和屠体性状的相关性

以京海黄鸡为试验材料,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测斑联蛋白基因(zyxin)8个外显子SNP(单核苷酸多态性),探讨zyxin基因的多态性与鸡生长和屠体性状之间的关系。结果发现zyxin基因外显子1有1个SNP突变位点,表现为3种基因型,分别用AA、AB和BB表示。统计分析结果表明:BB型的公鸡腹部脂肪重、屠宰率显著高于AA型与AB型(P<0.05),AA型与AB型差异不显著。AB型的母鸡心重、胸肌率、腿肌率显著高于AA、BB型,而半净膛率、全净膛率低于AA、BB型。公鸡、母鸡的生长和屠体性状在不同基因型间比较,除了半净膛率以外,其余各指标均存在显著或极显著差异。以上研究结果表明,zyxin基因可能是影响京海黄鸡部分内脏组织、器官和屠宰率等相关指标的基因。     

贵州白山羊和黔北麻羊TFAM 基因部分外显子多态性研究

利用黔北麻羊和贵州白山羊构建品种DNA池,设计1对引物分别扩增其TFAM基因第2外显子及第1内含子部分序列.PCR产物纯化后进行双向测序,DNAStar和BLAST分析确定多态性位点.利用生物信息学软件分析SNPs位点对TFAM基因RNA二级结构和TFAM蛋白二级、三级结构的影响.结果表明:在羊TFAM基因中筛选到5个SNPs:T 1005C、G1099C、A1130C、G1164C、T1287C,其中T1005C为同义突变,G1099C为错义突变,导致编码的甘氨酸(Gly)变为半胱氨酸(Cys);A1130C、G1164C、T1287C 3个突变位点均位于内含子区.SNPs位点对TFAM基因RNA二级结构和TFAM蛋白结构有一定影响.