不同引诱剂产品对桔小实蝇引诱效果比较

为筛选一种对桔小实蝇具有较好引诱效果的昆虫信息素引诱剂产品，在福建对比了3种不同配方实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇的引诱效果，并在广东、广西和云南对比了6种实蝇引诱剂产品对桔小实蝇的引诱效果。田间结果显示，实蝇双性引诱剂SYSXYYJ02对桔小实蝇的引诱效果最佳；柑桔小实蝇引诱剂对桔小实蝇诱捕量最高；柑桔小实蝇引诱剂、果蝇颗粒剂和聪绿?果实蝇饵剂对桔小实蝇雌成虫基本无引诱效果；实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇具有雌雄双诱效果，且诱捕雌虫占比达58.84%以上。柑桔小实蝇引诱剂在桔小实蝇监测上极具推广价值，实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇引诱效果稳定，雌雄双诱，在防治上极具推广价值。     

不同诱剂配方对柑橘小实蝇的引诱作用

测试了不同诱剂配方对柑橘小实蝇成虫的诱杀效果，试验结果表明，引诱效果最好的是甲基丁香酚 水解蛋白 红糖 敌百虫，7d内对柑橘小实蝇的引诱数量为:15.3333?6.514头/瓶，雌虫率占总虫量的18.9 %；其次为乙酸乙酯 甲基丁香酚，7d内引诱数量为:11.9667?7.4597头/瓶；另外，添加一定量的红糖、乙酸乙酯可显著提高引诱率，猎蝇、异丁香酚诱瓶诱杀效果不理想。     

几种物质对火龙果园内桔小实蝇的诱集效果

摘 要 筛选火龙果园内对桔小实蝇诱集效果较好的诱剂，本文利用诱集法在火龙果园内分别测定了系列质量分数(2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, w/w)糖溶液、(6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, w/w)醋溶液、(6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, w/w)酒溶液单一成分的的诱虫效果；比较了不同质量分数的二元混配溶液糖醋液(糖:醋:水=10%:12.5%:77.5%,(w/w),SV1; 糖:醋:水=20%:12.5%:67.5%(w/w),SV2; 糖:醋:水=10%:25%:65%(w/w),SV3; 糖:醋:水=20%:25%:55%(w/w),SV4)和醋酒液(醋:酒:水=12.5%:12.5%:75% (w/w),VA1)的诱虫效果；在此基础上比较了黄板（YSTs）、甲基丁香酚（ME）、诱饵（BA）、糖醋酒液（糖:醋:酒：水=10%:12.5%:12.5%：65%(w/w)，SVA）和甲基丁香酚+糖醋酒液(ME+SVA)的诱虫效果。结果表明：10%和20%的糖溶液诱集效果好于其它质量分数的糖溶液；12.5%和25%的醋溶液好于其它质量分数的醋溶液；12.5%的酒溶液是其最佳使用浓度；SV1在5种二元混配溶液中对桔小实蝇诱集效果最好；ME只能诱集雄成虫，ME和ME+SVA诱集的桔小实蝇雄成虫好于其他处理，BA、SVA和ME+SVA诱雌效果好于其他处理，ME+SVA诱集成虫总量显著高于其他处理。ME+SVA在火龙果园内对桔小实蝇的诱集最好。     

贵州安龙县芒果园实蝇科害虫种群消长动态分析

为明确贵州省黔西南州安龙县芒果园实蝇科害虫种类及种群消长动态，采用性诱剂、食诱剂等方式开展实蝇害虫的诱集。经过持续跟踪调查，明确了该地主要的实蝇科害虫种类分别为桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis，占比94.85%；其次是南瓜实蝇Bactrocera tau、具条实蝇Bactrocera scutellata，分别占比2.51%、1.45%；黒漆实蝇Zeugodacus scutellaris （Bezzi）（1.01%）、三点棍腹实蝇Dacus trimacula （Wang）（0.02%）、泰实蝇Bactrocera thailandica（Drew &Hancock）（0.16%）和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae（0.01%），其中桔小实蝇占据了主要生态位。从种群消长动态分析，7月3日至8月5日，桔小实蝇数量出现急剧上升，10月11日达到高峰值。由于安龙县地理位置及气候的特殊性，桔小实蝇可常年发生，成为一个向外输出虫源的虫源地。为此，在桔小实蝇的防控上，重点是降低虫口基数。可常年设置性诱剂诱杀，结合收获后捡拾落果集中处理、药剂封杀土表等措施防控桔小实蝇的为害。     

桔小实蝇黄色粘虫伞的制作和田间诱捕试验

桔小实蝇黄色粘虫伞是一种利用普通双面黄板和引诱剂诱捕桔小实蝇的装置，并将双面黄板设计成特殊锥状结构，可遮雨和防晒，且成本低,可适用于桔小实蝇雌雄成虫的物理诱杀,也可用于桔小实蝇测报。为了验证桔小实蝇黄色粘虫伞的诱捕效果，分别进行4种常用诱捕装置和两种结构4种类型黄板对桔小实蝇田间诱捕试验，结果表明,桔小实蝇黄色粘虫伞诱捕效果最佳，但与Steiner诱捕器差异不显著，与果蝇粘胶板差异达到显著，普通黄板诱捕效果最差。锥状结构桔小实蝇黄色粘虫伞诱捕效果最好，且与普通黄板+诱芯差异达到显著，锥状结构普通黄板也比平面结构普通黄板诱捕效果稍好，但差异不显著。     

海南热带果园桔小实蝇诱捕效果比较研究

2021年3月至11月，在杨桃园和莲雾园，经调查发现桔小实蝇在杨桃园和莲雾园均发生3代，杨桃园和莲雾园对桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇、雄蝇的诱捕存在极显著性差异（P=0.001），且杨桃园桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇总量、雄蝇总量均高于莲雾园。在不同诱剂处理下，杨桃园和莲雾园之间均存在极显著性差异（P=0.000），杨桃园和莲雾园桔小实蝇雌蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果：塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克，95%甲基丁香酚＞黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。对桔小实蝇雄蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果在杨桃园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器，塞拉诺克，黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器；莲雾园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克，黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。杨桃园和莲雾园雌蝇占比最高为塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器处理分别为68.84%、60.84%。     

不同物质对砂糖橘果园内橘小实蝇的诱集效果

为筛选砂糖橘果园内诱集橘小实蝇的高效诱集材料,本文利用诱集法在砂糖橘果园内分别测定了系列质量分数(2.5%,5.0%,10.0%,20.0%,40.0%,w/w)的杧果味、香橙味、苹果味、葡萄味的菓珍溶液 (6.25%,12.5%,25.0%,50.0%,100.0%,w/w) 和柠檬醋溶液对橘小实蝇的诱集效果,进而比较了50%柠檬醋(50%LV)、糖醋酒液(糖:醋:酒：水=20%:10%:10%:60%,SVA)和糖柠檬醋酒液(糖:柠檬醋:酒：水=20%:10%:10%:60%,SLVA)三者间诱集虫量的差异,并调查了SLVA、50%LV以及分别与黄色粘虫板(YAB)、甲基丁香酚(ME)形成的6种组合SLVA+YAB、50%LV+YAB、SLVA+ME、50%LV+ME、SLVA+YAB+ME、50%LV+YAB+ME等8种处理的诱集效果。结果表明：40.0%的香橙味溶液、5.0%的杧果味溶液、10.0%的苹果味溶液、10.0%葡萄味溶液和50.0%的柠檬醋溶液分别是各自单一组分的最佳使用质量分数,其中50%LV诱虫效果最好,一周内可以诱集到33.33头橘小实蝇成虫；SLVA每周可以诱集到42.0头成虫,好于50%LV和SVA的诱集效果；SLVA+YAB+ME在8种处理中诱集效果最好,一周内诱成虫总量达178.67头,该组合可以作为砂糖橘果园中橘小实蝇的诱杀剂进行生物防治。     

诱蝇球对柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫诱粘能力研究

通过羽化监测取得大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）成虫雌雄性比数据,采用诱蝇球诱集方式,监测弃管园田间成虫数量和性比变化情况,对各时段诱集的雌性成虫进行卵巢解剖分级,发现诱蝇球对雌性成虫的诱集能力略高于雄虫;田间成虫盛期雌性成虫卵巢发育加快,普遍具备产卵能力,田间成虫盛期与产卵为害盛期同步。大实蝇防治实践中,根据成虫发生时间确定诱蝇球的使用时间,不必考虑性别影响。     

球孢白僵菌MZ050724菌株对瓜实蝇的毒力测定

摘 要 本研究选用球孢白僵菌MZ050724菌株对瓜实蝇进行室内毒力测定，结果表明，在3.6?05-3.6?08个/ml 4个浓度中，成虫、幼虫和蛹的最大累计校正死亡率分别为(95.24?.55)%、(86.56?.88)%和(80.47?.86)%；其致死中浓度(LC50)分别为(2.544?.2846)?05个/ml、(2.9126?.4871)?05个/ml和(3.459?.4735)?05个/ml； 成虫、幼虫和蛹的致死中时间（LT50）分别为(4.643?.396)d(5.308?.225)d和 (6.139?.524)d。     

西柚对桔小实蝇的引诱作用及挥发性成分GC-MS分析

采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了西柚对桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)雌虫的引诱活性。同时采用固相微萃取技术（Solid Phase Microextraction,SPME）对西柚挥发性物质进行收集，并运用气相色谱－质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对西柚挥发物化学成分进行了分析。结果表明，西柚对桔小实蝇雌虫具有明显的引诱作用。西柚挥发物主要成分为烯类物质，其中含量大于5%的物质为柠檬烯（45.52%）、月桂烯（4.09%）、α-蒎烯（1.28%）、反式石竹烯（0.64%）和萜品油烯（0.61%）等5种烯类物质。推测这些物质可能是西柚引诱桔小实蝇雌虫的主要活性成分。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.