寡果糖诱导瘤胃急性酸中毒对山羊瘤胃发酵、蹄组织结构及炎症因子、金属蛋白酶表达的影响

本试验旨在研究寡果糖诱导瘤胃酸中毒对山羊瘤胃发酵、蹄组织结构、蹄部炎症因子及金属蛋白酶表达的影响。采用随机区组设计,将8头健康装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的波杂山羊(波尔山羊×长江三角洲白山羊)随机分为对照组和诱导酸中毒的试验组,每组4头。其中试验组山羊瘤胃寡果糖灌注量为21 g/kg BW。分别于灌注前(0 h)和灌注后4、8、12、24和48 h采集瘤胃液,同时分别在0、4、8、24和48 h通过颈静脉采集血液,灌注后48 h屠宰2组山羊,采集蹄组织。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组山羊瘤胃液p H、挥发性脂肪酸浓度平均值显著降低(P0.05),血液和瘤胃液中乳酸和脂多糖浓度平均值显著提高(P0.05);组织形态学结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组山羊蹄组织中次级表皮蹄小叶和次级真皮蹄小叶的长度变短,蹄小叶形状不规则;实时定量PCR检测结果显示,较对照组比较,试验组山羊蹄组织中基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1的mRNA的相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),白细胞介素-6、膜型基质金属蛋白酶-1和基质金属蛋白酶-2的mRNA的相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。结果提示,寡果糖诱导山羊急性瘤胃酸中毒可导致山羊瘤胃发酵紊乱,提高瘤胃液和血液中脂多糖与乳酸浓度,导致山羊蹄组织相关炎症因子与金属蛋白酶表达改变,最终引发山羊急性蹄叶炎。     

大蒜油对体外瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在通过体外培养法研究大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成和微生物区系的影响.在体外培养过程中用压力读取式法(RPT系统)测定产气量,利用气相色谱仪测定甲烷产量.培养24 h后,测定挥发性脂肪酸、pH、氨态氮浓度,并用实时荧光定量PCR测定瘤胃微生物区系.研究发现,与对照组相比,添加大蒜油极显著降低甲烷产量(P<0.01),显著降低乙酸摩尔百分比和氨态氮浓度(P<0.05),显著提高丙酸摩尔百分比(P<0.05),对产气量和总挥发性脂肪酸含量也有显著地抑制作用(P<0.05),但抑制程度不如大蒜油对甲烷产量的抑制程度.添加脱臭大蒜油对甲烷产生也有一定作用,但效果不显著(P>0.05).添加大蒜油和脱臭大蒜油后甲烷菌和原虫含量极显著降低(P<0.01),且大蒜油的抑制作用强于脱臭大蒜油(P<0.01).试验结果表明.适宜浓度的大蒜油可以改变瘤胃发酵类型,增加丙酸摩尔百分比,显著抑制甲烷生成而不影响消化,这种改变与瘤胃微生物区系的变化密切相关;此外,大蒜油的作用效果明显强于脱臭大蒜油.     

烷基多糖苷添加水平对山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响

本试验通过研究日粮中添加不同水平的烷基多糖苷(alkyl polyglycoside,APG)对山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响,考察APG在饲料添加剂领域的潜在用途.试验选用4头体重为(19.5±0.8)kg装有瘤胃瘘管的黑山羊,按4×4拉丁方设计,分别在山羊标准精料中添加0、5、10和20 mL/kg的APG,试验期48 d.试验结果表明,APG对山羊瘤胃pH没有显著影响(P>0.05);APG极显著地增高了山羊瘤胃氨氮浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸含量以及乙酸与丙酸含量的比值(P<0.01),还使戊酸含量和乙酸摩尔百分比显著增高(P<0.05),但是对丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸含量以及除乙酸外其他各酸的摩尔百分比皆无显著影响(P>0.05).由此可知,添加APG不影响山羊瘤胃pH,极显著提高氨氮浓度,提高TVFA和乙酸含量,改善了山羊瘤胃发酵特性.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯对瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响

本试验利用体外产气法研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对瘤胃发酵参数的影响.试验分为3个组,分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组.其中,2个试验组的培养管中分别加入干物质量1％和2％的HMBi.分别在培养至3、6、9、12、24 h时测定产气量,培养12、24 h后测定发酵液pH以及挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸浓度.结果表明:12 h时2个试验组的乙酸、丁酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);24 h时各挥发性脂肪酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度试验各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).试验各组的pH在12、24 h时均处于正常范围,12 h时pH试验1组高于对照组(P＞0.05)和试验2组(P＜0.05);而24 h时pH试验各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).24 h时2个试验组的乳酸浓度均高于对照组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).3、6、12 h时2个试验组的产气量均高于对照组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),但2个试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).由此得出,在发酵底物中添加HMBi可改善瘤胃体外发酵.     

丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度动态变化的影响

以8只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年徐淮山羊为试验动物,采用自身对照设计,研究丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸浓度动态变化的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,添喂丙酮酸钙后,在0~8h内,对pH值无显著影响。4h时,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度升高25%(P<0.01);丙酸浓度升高60%(P<0.01)。0~8h内,丙酸比例均高于对照组(17%~30%);乙丙比均低于对照组(20%~29%)。说明在山羊日粮中添加一定量丙酮酸钙,可在不影响pH值的情况下,提高丙酸比例,降低乙丙比,改变瘤胃发酵类型。     

丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度动态变化的影响

以8只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年徐淮山羊为试验动物,采用自身对照设计,研究丙酮酸钙对山羊瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸浓度动态变化的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,添喂丙酮酸钙后,在0～8h内,对pH值无显著影响.4h时,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度升高25%(P<0.01);丙酸浓度升高60%(P<0.01).0～8h内,丙酸比例均高于对照组(17%～30%);乙丙比均低于对照组(20%～29%).说明在山羊日粮中添加一定量丙酮酸钙,可在不影响pH值的情况下,提高丙酸比例,降低乙丙比,改变瘤胃发酵类型.     

不同种类牧草对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸变化规律的研究

研究山羊瘤胃内放入装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋后,瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度的动态变化规律。选用带有瘤胃瘘管的山羊为实验动物,结合尼龙袋法测定3类牧草在山羊瘤胃中的挥发性脂肪酸浓度。结果表明,添加装有不同牧草的尼龙袋后,山羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度及乙酸／丙酸值均呈先上升后下降的规律,并在4h达到峰值,其中乙酸浓度约为70．49％、丙酸浓度约为15．38％,瘤胃的发酵类型总体上偏向于乙酸-丙酸型．3类牧草均适用于山羊的科学饲养。由此可见,添加装有不同种类牧草的尼龙袋均会对山羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸产生影响,其原因主要与原料的蛋白质含量有关。     

脂肪酸组合对体外瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸的影响

为研究长链脂肪酸组合对体外培养瘤胃微生物发酵挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的影响,并得出最优脂肪酸组合及添加水平,试验选取硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸及α-亚麻酸4种脂肪酸因子,设置0.5%、1.0%、1.5%等3个水平进行L_9(3~4)正交试验,其中Ⅰ～Ⅸ组为试验组、Ⅹ组为对照组,各处理均设3个重复。以3头瘤胃瘘管山羊为瘤胃液供体进行体外发酵试验,测定各组培养液VFA 24 h内的动态变化。结果显示,各组的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度总体上呈先上升后下降再上升的波动变化趋势。其中在6 h时Ⅶ组TVFA浓度最高。乙酸/丙酸比值总体呈下降趋势,6 h前下降较快,6 h后趋于平缓。丁酸摩尔百分比在7.97%～15.41%间变动。主成分与最优组合分析表明,TVFA浓度影响的主次顺序为亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、α-亚麻酸;以添加1.5%硬脂酸、0.5%油酸、1.5%亚油酸、0.5%α-亚麻酸时组合效应最好。     

体外法研究脂多糖对瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在通过体外法研究脂多糖(LPS)对瘤胃发酵的影响。选取4头健康、体况相近、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛用于瘤胃液的采集。试验分为对照组(不添加LPS)和试验组(添加LPS 100 000 EU/m L),分别在发酵2、4、8、12、24 h后取样,测定发酵液p H及挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮、微生物蛋白浓度。结果表明:随着发酵时间的延长,对照组与试验组发酵液p H逐渐下降,发酵液总挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮、微生物蛋白浓度及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量逐渐增加,对照组与试验组之间均无显著差异(P0.05),但在8、24 h试验组发酵液p H与对照组相比有降低的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),4、8、24 h试验组氨态氮浓度与对照组相比有降低的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。结果显示,在体外发酵条件下,添加LPS具有降低发酵液p H以及氨态氮浓度的趋势,但这一影响并不显著。     

野血牦牛和家养牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及微生物多样性的比较分析

为了比较野血牦牛和家养牦牛瘤胃发酵参数及微生物组成的差异,试验选取年龄、体重相近且健康的野血牦牛和家养牦牛各10头(公母各半),分别为野血牦牛组和家养牦牛组,两组屠宰后采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数(氨态氮、尿素氮、总氮、微生物蛋白和挥发性脂肪酸),并基于细菌16S rDNA基因序列比较分析两组瘤胃微生物组成的差异。结果表明：野血牦牛组瘤胃液中总氮含量、微生物蛋白质量浓度极显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),氨态氮质量浓度、尿素氮浓度与家养牦牛组差异不显著(P>0.05);总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和正丁酸摩尔百分比极显著低于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),正戊酸摩尔百分比显著低于家养牦牛组(P<0.05),乙酸摩尔百分比极显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.01),丙酸摩尔百分比显著高于家养牦牛组(P<0.05);异丁酸、异戊酸摩尔百分比及乙酸/丙酸与家养牦牛组差异不显著(P>0.05)。两组瘤胃共有1 963个核心操作性分类单元(operational taxonomic units, OTUs),野血牦牛组和家养牦牛组特有的OTUs分别为18 542个和16 ...     

Effect of intraruminal butyrate infusion on the plasma insulin level in sheep

After intraruminal infusion of butyrate to sheep at dose rates of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g sodium n-butyrate per kg body mass, butyrate concentration of the rumen fluid and total secreted insulin rose in direct proportion to the butyrate dose infused. The half-life of butyrate in the rumen was always longer than that of insulin. At 90 min after the infusion of 1 g butyrate per kg body mass, butyrate concentration in the ruminal papillae reached the level corresponding to an extracellular concentration that reduced cell division by 50% in vitro. It can be concluded that butyrate may be present in the ruminal papillae in concentrations inhibiting cell proliferation, simultaneously with the presence of blood plasma insulin concentrations stimulating the proliferation of ruminal epithelial cells.     

日粮不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊瘤胃pH值、挥发性脂肪酸及乳酸含量的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维比（NFC/NDF）对奶山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选择6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的关中奶山羊作为试验动物,采用自身对照试验法,共分为4组（分4期进行）,每期10d,依次饲喂NFC/NDF比分别为1.02（Ⅰ期）、1.24（Ⅱ期）、1.63（Ⅲ期）、2.58（Ⅳ期）的4种日粮。结果表明,随着日粮NFC/NDF比的提高瘤胃pH值降低,瘤胃pH值下降速率和下降幅度及pH值低于5.2、5.5、5.8、6.0的持续时间随之加快、延长;瘤胃丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量随日粮NFC/NDF比提高呈增加趋势,而乙酸含量及乙酸/丙酸则呈降低趋势;血浆乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及TVFA均呈增加趋势。当日粮NFC/NDF比达2.58时,瘤胃pH值在5.2～5.5之间持续时间每日达7h以上,此时瘤胃乳酸含量较低,血浆及瘤胃TVFA含量显著提高（P〈0.05）。结果表明,随着日粮NFC/NDF比的提高,使瘤胃逐渐处于酸性环境,改变了瘤胃发酵模式;瘤胃pH值的下降主要源于瘤胃TVFA增多,而非乳酸;当日粮NFC/NDF比为2.58时,奶山羊发生亚急性瘤胃酸中毒。     

高精料日粮对山羊瘤胃和盲肠发酵及生物胺生成与吸收的影响研究

本实验旨在探究饲喂高精料日粮对山羊瘤胃和盲肠发酵、生物胺生成与吸收的影响研究。试验选用6头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的雄性波杂山羊,随机分成低精料组与高精料组,实验期24 d。结果显示,与低精料组相比,饲喂高精料日粮的山羊瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、总支链脂肪酸、酪胺、腐胺、组胺、甲胺和色胺浓度显著性增加(P<0.05),而瘤胃pH和乙丙比显著降低(P<0.05);饲喂高精料日粮的山羊盲肠内容物中的乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和上述5种生物胺浓度显著增加(P<0.05);同时,瘤胃和盲肠静脉血中的上述5种生物胺的浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,瘤胃液中酪胺、腐胺、甲胺和色胺浓度与瘤胃静脉血所对应的生物胺浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且盲肠内容物中酪胺、腐胺、甲胺和色胺与盲肠静脉血中对应的生物胺的浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结果说明,饲喂高精料日粮促进了山羊瘤胃和盲肠发酵,提高了瘤胃与盲肠内容物中生物胺浓度,暗示高精料日粮可能提高消化道上皮的通透性,促进消化道上皮对生物胺的吸收。     

高谷物日粮促进山羊瘤胃上皮单羧酸转运蛋白1及钠钾ATP酶mRNA的表达

本试验旨在研究高谷物日粮对山羊瘤胃上皮形态结构及单羧酸转运蛋白(monocarboxylate transporter, MCT)和钠钾ATP酶mRNA表达的影响。将10头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康阉割公山羊随机分为饲喂全粗料日粮的对照组(Hay,0%谷物,n=5)和饲喂高谷物日粮的处理组(HG,65%谷物,n=5),试验期为7周。试验开始后,于每周晨饲后的0、2、3、4、6、8和12 h连续采集瘤胃液监测瘤胃pH值的变化,收集其中第0、3、6和12 h的瘤胃液待测挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid, VFA)浓度。试验的第50天,屠宰采集瘤胃上皮用于形态学及基因定量分析。研究结果显示:与全粗料组山羊相比,高谷物组山羊瘤胃pH值、乙酸浓度及乙丙比都显著下降(P<0.001),而瘤胃丙酸浓度、丁酸浓度及其他VFA浓度都显著升高(P<0.001);高谷物日粮组的瘤胃乳头长度显著高于对照组(P=0.001),瘤胃乳头宽度显著低于对照组(P<0.001),但是两组间的瘤胃乳头表面积并无显著差异;透射电镜结果显示,长期饲喂高谷物日粮导致瘤胃上皮细胞线粒体发生降解;实时定量PCR结果表明,与对照组相比,高谷物日粮显著升高了MCT1(P<0.001)和钠钾ATP酶(P=0.001)的mRNA表达量,显著降低了MCT4的mRNA表达量(P=0.041),但对MCT2的表达没有显著影响(P=0.305);进一步分析这些基因的mRNA表达量与pH值和VFA浓度之间的相关性,结果显示,MCT1和钠钾ATP酶的mRNA表达量与瘤胃pH值和乙酸浓度呈显著负相关,与总VFA、丙酸、丁酸的含量呈显著正相关,而MCT4的mRNA表达量与pH值呈显著正相关,与总VFA、丙酸、丁酸的含量呈显著负相关。以上结果提示:高精料引起的瘤胃pH值下降和VFA的变化可能与瘤胃上皮MCT和钠钾ATP酶表达量的变化相关。研究结果对深入认识高谷物饲喂引发的瘤胃功能紊乱具有重要意义。     

Rumen microbial sequestration of [2-(13)C]acetate in cattle

To investigate the impact of rumen microbial sequestration of VFA carbon on estimates of acetate availability based on intraruminal infusion of [2-(13)C] acetate, three nonlactating or low-yielding dairy cows were continuously intraruminally infused with [2-(13)C]acetate for 26 h. The 13C content of ruminal VFA, duodenal carbon, and fatty acids (FA) and AA isolated from liquid-associated ruminal microbes and duodenal DM was measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer interfaced to an elemental analyzer or a gas-liquid chromatograph. The ruminal gross production of acetate was 38 +/- 4 mol/d and could account for about 38% of the DE intake. Of the intraruminally infused 13C in [2-(13)C]acetate, 7.6 +/- 0.9% was recovered at the duodenum. The 13C content of ruminal propionate, butyrate, and valerate increased (P < 0.05) with intraruminal infusion of [2-(13)C]acetate. It was estimated that about 28% of the 13C intraruminally infused in [2-(13)C]acetate could be accounted for by duodenal 13C flow and absorption of non-acetate VFA. A number of FA isolated from liquid-associated ruminal microbes (C6, C12, C14, anteiso C15, and iso C15) were enriched with 13C (P < 0.05) at a level comparable to the enrichment of ruminal butyrate. Any absorption of these FA from the rumen would further contribute to non-acetate 13C uptake. A maximum of 72% of the ruminal gross production of acetate represented acetate absorption from the rumen in the present study. Consequently, previously used models using intraruminal isotope dilution techniques seem not to be appropriate for measuring acetate availability in ruminants. The number of metabolites exchanging carbon with acetate was found to be so high that assessments of the entire range of inter conversions seem to be practically impossible. Portal absorption studies are discussed as an alternative method of estimating VFA availability to the metabolism in ruminants.     

Preliminary study of the effects of condensed barley distillers soluble on rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites in Japanese Black cows

In Japan, condensed barley distillers soluble (CBDS) is a widely known liquor byproduct that contains a high level of protein and is used as a supplementary protein feed for cattle. The present study evaluated the effects of CBDS feed on rumen fermentation and plasma metabolites in Japanese Black cows. Applying a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, nine cows were offered CBDS and hay (CBDS‐t), soy bean meal and hay (Soybean‐t) and only hay (Hay‐t) over 35 days. We collected ruminal fluid and plasma just before feeding and at 3 h after feeding. The concentrations of propionate and butyrate in the rumen before feeding were lower in the CBDS‐t than in the Soybean‐t group (P < 0.05). However, after 3 h, the concentrations were higher in the CBDS‐t than in the Soybean‐t and Hay‐t groups (P < 0.05). Although, there were no differences in the compositions (% mol) of propionate and butyrate in the rumen and the concentration of plasma β‐hydroxybutyric acid before feeding between treatments, after 3 h they were significantly higher in the CBDS‐t than in the Soybean‐t and Hay‐t groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that feeding CBDS promotes rumen fermentation and butyrate metabolism.     

饲粮中添加海南霉素对奶牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响

本试验旨在研究海南霉素对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵模式及甲烷产量的影响。试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体况相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为3期,每期15 d,试验设负对照组(不添加任何添加剂)、正对照组(添加10 mg/kg莫能菌素)和海南霉素组(添加7.2 mg/kg海南霉素)。结果表明:饲粮中添加海南霉素后,除在采食后2 h显著提高奶牛瘤胃内pH(P<0.05)外,其他时间均无显著影响(P>0.05);采食后0、2、8和10 h,海南霉素组氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度均显著低于负对照组(P<0.05),而采食后6 h,海南霉素有抑制NH3-N释放的趋势(P=0.06);采食后0、2、4和6 h,海南霉素组乙酸浓度及乙酸与丙酸的比值与负对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸和丁酸浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05)。海南霉素显著抑制了瘤胃甲烷的产生(P=0.02),海南霉素组的奶牛甲烷呼出量为216.50 L/d,比负对照组降低了14.03%。由此得出结论:饲粮中添加海南霉素可以改变奶牛瘤胃的发酵类型,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并显著降低动物的甲烷呼出量。     

中药复方对山羊的影响:Ⅳ·瘤胃内环境参数

试验旨在研究中药复方对山羊瘤胃内环境参数的影响。选择6头健康的体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的周岁大足黑山羊羯羊,按3×3重复拉丁方试验设计。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个处理组分别在基础日粮上给每头羊日喂15 g复方Ⅰ和复方Ⅱ(由藿香、苍术、黄柏和生石膏等中药按不同比例组成)。结果表明:2种复方对山羊瘤胃pH及氨氮浓度均无显著影响(P>0.05);复方Ⅰ能极显著提高山羊瘤胃内丁酸浓度及丁酸占总挥发性脂肪酸的比例(P<0.01),显著提高山羊瘤胃内乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸等浓度(P<0.05),而复方Ⅱ仅能显著提高山羊瘤胃内丁酸浓度(P<0.05)。结果提示,2种复方均能改善山羊瘤胃内环境状况,且复方Ⅰ作用效果优于复方Ⅱ。     

Effects of volatile fatty acid supply on their absorption and on water kinetics in the rumen of sheep sustained by intragastric infusions

Three sheep fitted with a ruminal cannula and an abomasal catheter were used to study water kinetics and absorption of VFA infused continuously into the rumen. The effects of changing VFA concentrations in the rumen by shifting VFA infusion rates were investigated in an experiment with a 3 x 3 Latin square design. On experimental days, the animals received the basal infusion rate of VFA (271 mmol/h) during the first 2 h. Each animal then received VFA at a different rate (135, 394, or 511 mmol/h) for the next 7.5 h. Using soluble markers (polyethylene glycol and Cr-EDTA), ruminal volume, liquid outflow, apparent water absorption, and VFA absorption rates were estimated. There were no significant effects of VFA infusion rate on ruminal volume and water kinetics. As the VFA infusion rate was increased, VFA concentration and osmolality in the rumen were increased and pH was decreased. There was a biphasic response of liquid outflow to changes in the total VFA concentration in the rumen, as both variables increased together up to a total VFA concentration of 80.1 mM, whereas, beyond that concentration, liquid outflow remained stable at an average rate of 407 mL/h. There were significant linear (P = 0.003) and quadratic (P = 0.001) effects of VFA infusion rate on the VFA absorption rate, confirming that VFA absorption in the rumen is mainly a concentration-dependent process. The proportion of total VFA supplied that was absorbed in the rumen was 0.845 (0.822, 0.877, and 0.910 for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively). The molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate absorbed were affected by the level of VFA infusion in the rumen, indicating that this level affected to a different extent the absorption of the different acids.     

不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA及血液VFA含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同精粗比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃液pH值、VFA以及血液中VFA含量的影响。选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的奶山羊作为试验动物,采用完全随机分组试验设计随机分为2组,分别饲喂精粗比为6∶4和4∶6的日粮,预饲期15 d,采样期3 d。结果表明,高精料组(HC组)瘤胃液pH值显著低于低精料组(HR组)(P<0.05);在采食后3 h,HC组与HR组瘤胃液pH值均下降至最低值,分别为5.71和6.08。除了乙酸含量外,HC组瘤胃液丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量分别比HR组提高4.99%、5.58%、21.81%、17.95%、18.27%、1.66%。HC组血浆中各种VFA的含量均高于HR组,其中丙酸、丁酸含量两组间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。HC组瘤胃液以及血浆中乙酸与丙酸比值均低于HR组,但两组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。HC组瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、TVFA浓度在采食后2 h达到最大值,HR组在采食后3 h达到最大值,两组日粮血浆中VFA浓度均在采食后2 h达到最大值,然后逐渐恢复到采食前水平。结论:高精料日粮导致瘤胃液pH值显著降低,瘤胃液和血浆中VFA含量增加;瘤胃液VFA生成速率HC组高于HR组。