对虾养殖探源

<正> 对虾养殖行业目前已遍及全球的40多个国家或地区,产量已达69.9万吨。我国的“养虾热”兴起于80年代,目前全国产量大致在20万吨左右,每年可为国家创汇4亿多美元,是我国沿海地区的致富行业。以对虾为龙头而引发并兴旺的周边产业还有很多,其从业大军已超过300多万。目前配合饲料已取代了鲜活饵料,对虾饲料产量也达30余万吨。我国不仅养虾位居世界第一,对虾配合饲料也是世界第一。过去有人以为日本是养虾的发源地,其实不然,养虾的“始祖”确确实实是中国,是中国台湾省当时的凤山厅打狗盐田,即现在的高雄市。     

虾类免疫系统及其免疫增强剂的研究

近年来我国水产养殖规模不断扩大,集约化和工厂化程度越来越高,但养殖水域污染日趋严重,导致病害的频繁发生,严重困扰着水产养殖业的健康发展.特别是对虾养殖业中的严重疾病．使中国水产业蒙受了巨大损失。以对虾养殖为例,1988年至1992年间,对虾养殖业年产值约40多亿元（不含对虾育苗产值）,年创汇5～7亿美元,     

在对虾养殖生产中应用棉仁粉的初步研究

<正> 棉籽饼在畜禽和四大家鱼养殖中作主要蛋白源饲料,应用广泛,饲料效果好,报道甚多。但棉仁粉应用于出口创汇产品——中国对虾养殖中未见报道。山东、辽宁等省较成功地用大豆、花生饼类作主要蛋白源配饵应用于生产。江南沿海缺少大豆饼类资源,用棉仁粉代替大豆饼生产配饵养殖对虾,这对开发新的饵料源,解决江南对虾配解工业发展是有积极意义的。棉仁粉的精蛋白含量在35％以上,且氨基酸种类齐全,含量比较平衡。1986年,作者在宁波市水产研究所海水增殖站,曾用棉仁饼、菜籽讲等本地原料配饵进行养殖对虾小试,积累了初步经验。1987年扩大棉仁粉配饵加工,并在18亩养殖塘中进行了这次生产性试验。     

对虾健康养殖技术

对虾养殖业是我国水产养殖的支柱性产业,为沿海农村经济的发展做出了巨大贡献。但随着其快速发展,由于盲目追求高产,养殖技术混乱,药物大量使用和滥用,养殖废水随意排放,而导致对虾的可持续发展出现一系列的问题。     

生产对虾科饲应注意的要点

近年来，随着国家对水产养殖业的重视，以及受国外水产养殖技术的影响，我国的水产养殖业发展迅猛。尤其是斑节对虾(草虾)、日本对虾(花虾)、墨吉对虾(白虾)的养殖，越来越引起养殖业主的重视。养殖业主对虾料的要求也越来越高。由于对虾的消化系统短而且细，消化吸收能力差，所以对虾饲料加工要求远比普通畜禽饲料的加工要求高。下面，着重探讨一下生产对虾饲料应注意的几个要点。     

梅雨季节对虾疾病的特征及防治

梅雨季节期的特点是阴雨天气持续时间长,降水量大,气压低等。此时正值对虾养殖生产放苗阶段或幼虾生长的初期阶段,在这一对虾养殖生产的关键时期,气温、水温的持续升高,病原微生物的迅速繁殖、生长,养殖投入饲料及各种杂物等腐败变质等因素,易引起养殖对虾产生应激反应,导致养殖对虾发病、死亡,造成早造虾养殖成功率低（成功率20％～50％）的现象。因此,了解梅雨季节对虾池塘水质变化特点及其对对虾健康的影响,并及时采取合理的调控及维护措施是养殖成功的关键。     

生物活性多糖在对虾养殖业中的应用

对虾是一种生长快、生长周期短、对环境适应能力强、养殖效益高的理想海水养殖对象。目前我国对虾养殖的品种主要有中国对虾(Penanes chinen-sis)、斑节对虾(P.monodom)、长毛对虾(P.penicilla-tus)、日本对虾(P.japonicus)以及南美白对虾(P.van-namei)等。然而，随着养殖规模的不断扩大、养殖强度的不断增加。     

斑节对虾“半封闭”、低盐度、不同密度养殖试验

斑节对虾“半封闭”、低盐度、不同密度养殖试验深圳沙头角动植物检疫局彭锦新，王侃，刘旭明，詹振光，周容，谭国英，黄再盛深圳市农业局水产技术推广站庄世鹏斑节对虾是广东省目前养殖对虾的主要品种，近年来由于虾病流行，斑节对虾因病死亡十分严重。为探索科学的防病...     

2008’南美白对虾产业发展研讨会圆满成功

南美白对虾产业是湛江市的重要产业,已成为湛江的一张名片,同时湛江在全国南美白对虾产业中也具有举足轻重的作用。据了解,湛江的南美白对虾养殖规模占全国近1／3,同时养殖技术也属同行翘楚;湛江的对虾饲料规模也很大,诞生了如粤海饲料集团、恒兴集团这样在全国南美白对虾饲料行业中数一数二的企业;如何采取有效措施在保证饲料安全的前提下,根据市场的需要开发出高效、环保的对虾饲料,以促进饲料和对虾产业的协调健康发展。同时,湛江的对虾加工和流通企业也有几十家之多,对虾加工的产量和技术水平都居全国之首,特别是湛江国联水产开发有限公司在对虾质量安全危机和反倾销诉讼事件中取得突破成就,对整个产业意义重大;同时,湛江的与南美白对虾相关产业也非常发达。     

中国对虾养殖发展中的问题与水环境保护

中国对虾养殖发展中的问题与水环境保护中国水产学会常务理事王东石世界养虾业正处于增长期，１９９２年养虾产量约７５万吨。世界养虾国高速发展养虾业，面对着共同的问题，是生态环境的污染和虾病的严重危害。一、中国对虾养殖发展中的问题中国对虾养殖的发展很快，１９...     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.