辽南地区不同种植形式与密度对玉米产量的影响

以中晚熟品种郑单958和晚熟品种丹玉405为试验材料,采用裂区设计,在3种不同种植形式和3种不同密度条件下,对玉米品种与密度、品种与种植形式互作的关系进行比较分析。结果表明,郑单958在二比空种植形式60 000株/hm²下产量最大,为11 726.71 kg/hm²;丹玉405在二比空种植形式49 500株/hm²下产量最大,为11 092.03 kg/hm²。郑单958和丹玉405在各自产量最高时,百粒重、穗行数和行粒数均最大,两个品种在二比空种植形式下功能叶的叶面积指数和净光合速率较高。     

高产、优质、多抗玉米新品种豫玉31的选育与示范推广

豫玉31(漯单97-1)是河南省漯河农科所用自选系漯12作母本,外引系丹340作父本育成的竖叶大穗中早熟玉米单交种.该品种夏播生育期96d.1997～1998年河南省夏玉米区域试验平均单产7695.0kg/hm²,比对照种豫玉12增产13.5%.两年20点次试验证明,该品种表现高产、稳产、优质、多抗、适应性广、增产潜力大,适宜在黄淮海夏玉米区套种或直播种植.种植密度45000～60000株/hm².制种时父母本同期播种或父本浸种后与母本同期播种,行比1:5～6。     

优质高产玉米杂交种庆单3号的选育

庆单3号(庆9619)由黑龙江省大庆市庆发种业有限责任公司玉米所1995年育成,组合为庆系824×Mo17.该品种属中熟品种,在适应区出苗至成熟123 d,需≥10℃活动积温2600℃·d.在各级试验中表现高产、稳产、优质,比对照品种四单19平均增产10%以上.庆单3号株型紧凑,根系发达,抗旱,抗倒伏,抗病性强,子粒淀粉含量高,适合黑龙江省第一积温带下限、第二积温带上限种植.种植密度为4.5万株/hm².制种时,父母本同期播种,行比1:5为宜。     

玉米单交种丹玉27号(丹638)的选育及应用

玉米单交种丹玉27号(丹638)是丹东农业科学院玉米研究所于1994年以丹1324 2为母本,丹5026为父本组配而成。2000年7月经辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定,命名为丹玉27号;在2002年1月经内蒙古自治区农作物品种审定委员会认定通过。该品种为中熟品种,需要≥10℃积温2490℃·d,在辽宁、内蒙古、吉林生育期115～120d,在河南、河北及安徽一带生育期85～90d,产量平均比对照种本育九号增产10%以上。     

早熟、高产玉米新品种新玉9号的选育与推广

新玉9号是新疆农垦科学院作物所1989年育成,1998年审定的早熟玉米新品种,需≥10℃的活动积温2 400℃* d左右.该品种为南疆复播玉米适宜品种和目前北疆非传统套种最佳玉米品种.至2001年累计推广种植近10万hm²。     

玉米杂交种吉东6号的选育技术报告

吉东6号是吉林省吉东种业有限责任公司农科所以自选系D01为母本,外引系丹598为父本组配而成的玉米杂交种.经过5年的各级试验示范结果表明,在吉林省两年区域试验中该品种比对照新铁10平均增产14.2%,吉东6号幼苗早发性强,植株生长健壮,高抗玉米各种病害,抗倒伏,综合农艺性状优良,适应性强,一般产量都在8 670.1 kg/hm²以上。     

优质玉米杂交种太单32的选育

太单32是山西省农业科学院作物遗传所用自育系太961/海9-21为亲本育成的玉米单交种,2000年12月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会认定.该品种属中晚熟品种,需≥10℃活动积温2 750℃·d.1997～1999年参加各类试验表现优质、高产、多抗,适宜春播中晚熟区高水肥地推广种植,密度45 000株/hm²2.制种时父母本行比1:4种植,母本播后7天播父本。     

玉米杂交种丹玉83选育

丹玉83(丹3183)是丹东农业科学院以丹T137为母本,DH34为父本组配成的单交种。该品种属晚熟杂交种。2003～2006年各级各类试验中表现高产、稳产、抗病、抗倒、适应性强。一般比各地主栽品种增产5%以上。适宜在吉林南部、辽宁大部及华北春玉米区种植。种植密度以45 000株/hm2为宜,清种、套种均可。     

丹玉旅系的选育及在我国玉米育种和生产中的作用

丹玉旅系是旅大红骨类群中主要自交系,其代表自交系旅28、旅9、旅9宽、E28、丹340等由于具有高配合力、抗逆性强、适应性广、综合农艺性状优良的特点,被全国各育种单位广泛应用.自70年代以来,用丹玉旅系组配的玉米杂交种面积在6 667 hm²以上的有59个,累计种植面积达3 400万hm²以上,年最大种植面积529.6万hm²,已成为我国玉米育种和生产中重要的种质资源,确立了旅大红骨类群在我国玉米育种与生产上的重要地位,在玉米杂交种生产上起到巨大的推动作用。     

早熟春玉米杂交种龙单20的选育及应用

龙单20(黑334)是黑龙江省农科院玉米研究中心以自交系HR25为母本,龙抗11为父本杂交育成的玉米单交种.该品种属早熟春玉米品种.1996～2002年在各级各类试验及生产中表现出高产、优质、抗病和适应性好等特点,产量在8 500～9 000k/hm2,适宜在早熟春玉米区种植,种植密度以5万株/hm²为宜。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。