体外转录法制备小反刍兽疫病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测标准阳性模板

针对小反刍兽疫病毒的F基因设计了一对荧光定量RT-PCR的引物和探针,在正向引物的5′端加上T7启动子后与反向引物扩增小反刍兽疫病毒株Nigeria 75/1细胞培养液RNA,切胶回收目的条带作为体外转录模板,体外转录后测RNA浓度以及OD值。线性试验和特异性试验结果表明,该模板具有良好的线性范围和特异性,当稀释度为4.9×108~4.9×103拷贝/μL时,相关系数为0.999。该模板稳定性好,-80℃保存一个月后无显著变化。对起始浓度为4.9×106、4.9×105、4.9×104拷贝/μl的标准品分别检测10次,变异系数分别为1.09%,1.47%,1.34%,表明以此模板进行荧光定量PCR具有较好的重复性。     

小反刍兽疫实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立及应用

以小反刍兽疫病毒N基因序列为靶基因,通过设计引物及TaqMan探针建立快速检测小反刍兽疫的荧光PCR方法.在线BLAST分析结果表明:所设计的引物特异性强,可区分小反刍兽疫病毒及牛瘟病毒感染;所建立的方法检测线性范围为1～1×106拷贝质粒DNA,灵敏度可达10拷贝质粒DNA,是常规PCR法的100倍.应用所建立的方法对32份采自西藏疫区的组织样品进行检测,说明疫情在西藏没有扩散.     

体外转录法制备小反刍兽疫病毒荧光定量RT—PCR检测标准阳性模板

针对小反刍兽疫病毒的F基因设计了一对荧光定量RT—PCR的引物和探针,在正向引物的5’端加上T7启动子后与反向引物扩增小反刍兽疫病毒株Nigeria75／1细胞培养液RNA．切胶回收目的条带作为体外转录模板．体外转录后测RNA浓度以及OD值。线性试验和特异性试验结果表明,该模板具有良好的线性范围和特异性。当稀释度为4．9×10^8-4．9×10^3拷贝／μL时,相关系数为0．999。该模板稳定性好。-80℃保存一个月后无显著变化。对起始浓度为4．9×10^6、4．9×10^5、4．9×10^4拷贝／μl的标准品分别检测10次,变异系数分别为1．09％,1．47％,1．34％,表明以此模板进行荧光定量PCR具有较好的重复性。     

小反刍兽疫灭活抗原RT—PCR检测方法的建立及其相关序列分析

以灭活的检测用抗原为材料,抽提灭活小反刍兽疫病毒的基因组RNA作为模板,根据参考文献及GenBank下载的序列,设计3对位于F基因的引物（2对为套式引物）,进行RT-PCR扩增及扩增片段的T载体克隆、序列分析。结果显示,所设计引物单独或套式RT—PCR对模板均有预期大小的片段扩增;扩增片段经核苷酸序列测定和分析,表明所扩增片段为小反刍兽疫病毒的F基因片段。且所设计引物对同属牛瘟病毒、犬瘟热病毒无扩增,证明所用引物为小反刍兽疫病毒特异性引物,此3对引物可用于小反刍兽疫与牛瘟等同属病毒的鉴别诊断。     

小反刍兽疫灭活抗原RT-PCR检测方法的建立及其相关序列分析

以灭活的检测用抗原为材料,抽提灭活小反刍兽疫病毒的基因组RNA作为模板,根据参考文献及GenBank下载的序列,设计3对位于F基因的引物(2对为套式引物),进行RT-PCR扩增及扩增片段的T载体克隆、序列分析。结果显示,所设计引物单独或套式RT-PCR对模板均有预期大小的片段扩增;扩增片段经核苷酸序列测定和分析,表明所扩增片段为小反刍兽疫病毒的F基因片段。且所设计引物对同属牛瘟病毒、犬瘟热病毒无扩增,证明所用引物为小反刍兽疫病毒特异性引物,此3对引物可用于小反刍兽疫与牛瘟等同属病毒的鉴别诊断。     

RT-PCR鉴别小反刍兽疫病毒疫苗株与强毒株方法的建立

根据GenBank中公布的小反刍兽疫病毒的H基因或全基因序列,利用软件Primer Premier5.0设计引物,扩增片段长度为477bp,建立区分小反刍兽疫疫苗毒与基因4系野毒的RT-PCR检测方法,并用于临床检测。结果表明,建立的RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法能特异性区分疫苗株Nigeria75/1与基因4系PPRV,与基因3系、牛瘟病毒、犬瘟热病毒等同属病毒无交叉反应;最低可以检测到浓度为7.7×10-5ng/μL的RNA模板;该方法操作简单,耗时短,可以初步用于临床鉴别诊断。     

一步法RT-PCR检测小反刍兽疫病毒

为建立一步RT-PCR检测小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)方法,针对Gen Bank中PPRV F基因进行序列比较分析,设计一对特异性引物,通过优化RT-PCR反应条件,建立了一步RT-PCR检测PPRV方法。该方法最佳退火温度为60℃,最佳引物用量为8pmo L/μL。利用这种方法对小反刍兽疫临床阳性样本进行检测,获得了特异性的扩增目标条带,但不与口蹄疫病毒、羊口疮病毒、犬瘟热病毒等发生反应。本方法具有高度灵敏性,最低检测量为3.576×10-5g/L,可广泛应用于临床小反刍兽疫病毒核酸的检测。     

陕北白绒山羊小反刍兽疫病毒RT-PCR方法的建立

为了建立适用于本地区小反刍兽疫病毒的分子生物学快速检测方法,通过分析NCBI数据库中小反刍兽疫病毒N基因序列,根据该基因设计特异性引物,建立针对本地区小反刍兽疫病毒N基因的一步法RT-PCR检测方法,利用该方法对来自疫源地的不同病料样本进行检测,结果显示该方法对病料的可选择性较多,对检测到的阳性条带通过测序分析,发现流行毒株与陕西毒株基因型差异不明显。该检测方法的建立有利于开展小反刍兽疫疫情监测,为有效防控小反刍兽疫提供技术支撑。     

小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒多重荧光RT-LAMP鉴别检测方法的建立及应用

旨在建立一种可视化多重荧光RT-LAMP方法用于检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒的核酸,并初步应用于小反刍兽疫和蓝舌病临床样品的检测。比对GenBank中小反刍兽疫N基因和蓝舌病NS3基因保守区域,设计2套LAMP引物,在每条内引物FIP的5′端标记荧光基团。对反应条件进行优化,验证方法的特异性、灵敏度和干扰性,同时应用该方法检测168份临床样品。结果表明,该方法对小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒高度特异,与口蹄疫病毒、鹿流行性出血热病毒、牛瘟病毒、山羊痘病毒等其他反刍动物病毒均无交叉反应,检测灵敏度为200 copies/μL,干扰性小,可同时检测两个不同浓度的模板。对168份样品的检测结果显示,小反刍兽疫病毒的感染率为3.6%,蓝舌病病毒的感染率为13.1%,无两种病毒混合感染;与荧光RT-PCR方法相比,此多重荧光RT-LAMP方法敏感性为91.7%～100%,特异性为100%。表明建立的多重荧光RT-LAMP可快速、准确地检测小反刍兽疫病毒和蓝舌病病毒,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

实时荧光RT-PCR鉴别小反刍兽疫病毒疫苗株和野毒株

为快速鉴别小反刍兽疫病毒的疫苗株和野毒株,本研究通过分析Gen Bank中已发布的小反刍兽疫病毒全基因组序列,设计了1对通用引物以及疫苗株和野毒株特异性探针各1条,建立了小反刍兽疫病毒鉴别实时荧光RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法对疫苗株和野毒株的检测灵敏度均可以检测至10拷贝/反应,在108至101拷贝/反应之间具有良好的线性关系,扩增效率均接近1。该方法具有良好的特异性,能够区分不同谱系的野毒株株和疫苗株。使用该方法对136份临床疑似样品检测,检出的阳性数量与普通RT-PCR相同,并且测序后的区分结果也相同。本方法的建立为该病的实验室鉴别检测和流行病学调查提供了技术支持。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.