广东省仔猪腹泻大肠杆菌血清型鉴定

从广东省１２个猪场的１０７头腹泻仔猪的直肠和肠系膜淋巴结以及４个猪场的２２头母猪的泌尿生殖器官分别分离出１１８株和４０株大肠杆菌。分离菌的８６．０８％（１３６／１５８）对昆明系小鼠有毒力,２４．５％（２５／１０２）产生耐热肠毒素（ＳＴ）。经３４种大肠杆菌单价Ｏ抗原血清鉴定,１３４株分离菌中有２６种血清型,其中Ｏ１１９、Ｏ６０、Ｏ７５、Ｏ１４１、Ｏ２０、Ｏ８和Ｏ１０１为优势血清型。Ｏ１１９和Ｏ７５作为猪源致病性大肠杆菌优势血清型在我国较少报道。尚有２４株未能定型,占分离菌株的１５．２％（２４／１５８）。     

北京鸭大肠杆菌病及灭活菌苗的初步研究

从１－７周龄北京鸭中分离出２９株大肠埃希氏菌,经血清学鉴定分别属血清型Ｏ１（１／２９）,Ｏ２（５／２９）,Ｏ８（１／２９）,Ｏ２３（１／２９）,Ｏ５３（１／２９）,Ｏ２３（９／２９）,Ｏ１３８（２／２９）及未鉴定血清型（９／２９）,其中血清型Ｏ１和Ｏ２经皮下接种对１周龄和３周龄鸭有很致病力,所引起的病理变化主要有心包炎和肝周围有纤维性渗出,利用血清型Ｏ２菌株制备的灭活菌苗和加铝胶灭菌苗免疫１０日龄     

BWEL-SPF鸡群对鸡传染性法氏囊病强毒的敏感性试验

用三种不同鸡传染性法氏囊病强毒株,对ＢＷＥＬ－ＳＰＦ鸡群１－１０个家系３周龄鸡进行敏感性试验,观察比较鸡群各家系对不同敏感性,测定不同毒株的毒价。广西强毒株（ＩＢＤＶ－ＧＸ株）〈ＬＤ５０为１０＾５．０／０．２ｍｌ;湖南强毒株,ＬＤ５０为１０＾５．２／０．２ｍｌ;吉林强毒株（ＩＢＤＶ－ＪＬ株）,ＬＤ５０为１０＾５．５／０．２ｍｍｌ,以１００ＬＤ５０攻毒剂量,对ＢＷＥＬ－ＳＰＦ鸡１￣１０家系的致死率为     

ELISA测定乳中磺胺甲基嘧啶残留

以牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）为载体,合成２种不同的物质的量的比值（约１∶１３和１∶４２）的磺胺甲基嘧啶抗原,并比较了两者的免疫原性;以卵白蛋白（ＯＡ）为载体,合成１种包被抗原;用辣根过氧化物酶标记羊抗兔ＩｇＧ,工作浓度１∶１０００;建立的乳中磺胺甲基嘧啶残留ＥＬＩＳＡ测定法,抗原亲和常数分别为１．２８×１０７（１∶４２）和３．２１×１０７（１∶１３）,磺胺甲基嘧啶检测质量浓度为５～２２０μｇ／Ｌ（１．８７×１０－８～８．２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,检测限为２．４μｇ／Ｌ,回收率为８８％～１１８％,与磺胺二甲基嘧啶和磺胺噻唑交叉率分别为６．０％和０．８４％,与磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺脒无交叉反应     

陕西省鸡胚源性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

从陕西关中六个种鸡场的１９８只死胚及出壳弱雏中分离出９８株大肠杆菌,平均分离率为４９．５％。通过小鸡致病力试验,筛选出６３株具有致病力的菌株,占分离菌的６４．３％。生化鉴定表明,这些致病菌均符合大肠埃希氏菌的生化特性。血清型鉴定可确定６种,其中以Ｏ１、Ｏ２、Ｏ７８为主,分别占鉴定菌的４４．４％（２８／６３）、３３．３％（２１／６３）和９．５％（６／６３）,另三种为Ｏ２２、Ｏ７５、Ｏ８９共占８．０％（５／６３）。有３株未定型,占４．８％（３／６３）。用１６种抗生素进行药敏试验,对先锋霉素Ｖ和恩诺沙星高度敏感,对羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、氯霉素、卡那霉素、磺胺嘧啶、新霉素、链霉素中度敏感。     

鸡致病性大肠埃希氏菌耐氧氟沙星质粒的检测

对分离的２０株鸡致病性大肠杆菌进行了药敏实验,筛选出１３株耐氧量沙星（ＯＦＬ）的菌株。经质粒提取,电泳和转化实验,获得一株 粒倡导 的耐煌多重耐药菌株。该菌株对参试的１１种抗生素全部耐药菌株其中ＯＦＬＭＩＣＭ〉５０μｇ／ｍｌ。该菌Ｒ质粒电泳可见６条带,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α,在２０μｇ／ｍｌＯＦＬ的ＬＢ学板筛选得到的转化子,该转化子含有原菌株中２．７ｋｂ的质粒,获得原菌株部分耐药性。连续转化５次,均     

甲鱼暴发性传染病的病原分离及治疗试验

从１５例表现为“红底板”、“红脖子”、“烂甲”的患病甲鱼肝脏分离到９株无荚膜、无芽胞、革兰氏阴性、β溶血的短杆菌,经理化特性鉴定均为气单胞菌属（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ）嗜温有动力菌群,其中温和气单胞菌（Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ）７株,豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ）２株。从Ａ．ｓｏｂｒｉａ和Ａ．ｃａｖｉａｅ各选一代表菌株（ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２）分别感染健康鲫鱼均引起发病和死亡,其ＬＤ５０分别为４．３×１０５、５．５×１０７,并回收到该２种菌。在该２种菌培养上清中存在１种具有溶血活性的毒素。以ＪＡ－１和ＪＡ－２为菌种制成混合菌苗,在应用由黄芪、有机锗制成的免疫增效剂后,再用混合菌苗免疫家兔,制得的多价高免血清（效价达１∶５１２）与庆大霉素、恩诺沙星进行了治疗对比试验。结果,高免血清治疗自然病甲鱼１０９只,全部治愈;庆大霉素、恩诺沙星分别治疗自然病甲鱼７２只和８４只,平均治愈率分别为８８％和８４％。     

鸡大肠杆菌病病原分离鉴定和多价蜂胶灭活苗的研制Ⅰ.鸡大肠杆菌病病原分离鉴定

为确认我区流行的鸡大肠杆菌（Ｅ、Ｃｏｌｉ）血清型，并为我区研制鸡大肠杆菌多价灭活苗提供对应的菌株，我们从现地典型病例中采集４９份病料，经接种培养、分离病原、细菌形态学及染色特性检查、生化试验、致病性试验、血清型鉴定和抗原性测定等一系列试验，确定其中４１份病料（占８３．７％）为致病性大肠杆菌。通过血清型鉴定认定我区目前流行的Ｅ、ｃｏｌｉ有１１个血清型。其中，毒力最强血清型５个，即ＥＨＹ－１０为Ｏ７８；ＥＨＹ－２８为Ｏ１５；ＥＨＹ－３０为Ｏ６６；ＥＨＹ－４６为Ｏ７；ＥＨＹ－４７为Ｏ１２０。广泛发生的为Ｏ７占１８．２％，Ｏ１及Ｏ７８各占１３．６％。其中Ｏ１２０为国内尚未见报道的新发现血清型。为证实我们分离鉴定菌型的准确性，经送中国兽药监察所５份病料，其鉴定结果与我们鉴定的结果一致     

病死雏鸡的病原分离鉴定

从送检的３１只病死雏鸡中分离出３０株致病菌，其中沙门氏杆菌２７株，分离率９０％，大肠杆菌６株，分离率２０％。对其中５株沙门氏杆菌和４株大肠杆菌进行了系统生化鉴定及血清型鉴定，证实５株沙门氏菌中鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌占６０％（３／５），鸡伤寒沙门氏杆菌占４０％（２／５），４株大肠杆菌中Ｏ２２株，Ｏ６１株，Ｏ１１５１株。对分离菌进行了雏鸡致病力及抗菌药物敏感性试验，提出了相应的预防对策     

湖北省鸡源致病性大肠杆菌某些生物学特性研究

从湖北１０余个先后暴发以气囊炎、心胞炎、肝周炎为主要症状的鸡场中分离到致病菌，经培养、生化鉴定确认为大肠杆菌。对其中２２株血清型鉴定，有８株为Ｏ＿（７８），占待检件的３７．４％，２株为Ｏ＿（６８）／１３８，占待检株的９．１％，Ｏ＿２、Ｏ＿７、Ｏ＿（１１）、Ｏ＿（２０）、Ｏ＿（５７）、Ｏ＿（６０）、Ｏ＿（１４７），各一株，５株未定型。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.