外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能反抗氧化指标的影响

选1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,试验组日粮分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln).对照组饲喂基础日粮,于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标,结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.5%谷氨酰胺组的日采食量和日增重均显著提高(P<0.05),试验各组的料重比都有所下降,但差异不显著;1.0%Gln组胸肌中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中SOD活力有升高的趋势;0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中S0D和GSH-Px活力显著提高(P<0.05).说明饲粮中添加Gln有提高肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的趋势,综合分析0.5%Gln添加组效果最佳.     

外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能及抗氧化指标的影响

选1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,试验组日粮分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln),对照组饲喂基础日粮,于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标,结果表明:与对照组相比,添加0.5%谷氨酰胺组的日采食量和日增重均显著提高(P<0.05),试验各组的料重比都有所下降,但差异不显著;1.0%Gln组胸肌中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中SOD活力有升高的趋势;0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中SOD和GSH-Px活力显著提高(P<0.05)。说明饲粮中添加Gln有提高肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的趋势,综合分析0.5%Gln添加组效果最佳。     

外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体组成的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度谷氨酰胺(Gln)对内仔鸡生长性能、胴体特性和肉质的影响.选用1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,喂基础日粮,另外3组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的谷氨酰胺.每组选取18只鸡于42日龄屠宰取样.测定各项指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,各Gln添加组肉仔鸡采食量和日增重均有所增加,料重比有所下降,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);内仔鸡全净堂率、半净堂率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有所提高,其中1.0%和1.5%Gln组肉仔鸡半净堂率显著提高(P＜0.05),0.5%Gln组腿肌率显著提高(P＜0.05);皮脂厚和肌间脂肪含量有所降低(P＞0.05).表明外源添加谷氨酰胺具有提高肉仔鸡日增重、降低料重比,提高胸肌率和腿肌率,降低脂肪含量,改善肉仔鸡胴体组成的趋势,其中0.5%Gln添加量效果最佳.     

谷氨酰胺对1-3周龄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

为了研究谷氨酰胺对1-3周龄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响,本试验选用1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡300羽,随机分为4组(每组3个重复),分别饲喂:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5%Gln(0.5%Gln组)、基础日粮+1.0%Gln(1.0%Gln组)和基础日粮+1.5%Gln(1.5%Gln组),试验期21 d.分别在试验的第7、14和21天屠宰取样.测定免疫器官指数和血清中补体、免疫球蛋白含量和各免疫器官中IL-2和IL-6的含量.结果表明:谷氨酰胺可以显著提高1周龄肉仔鸡C3和IgG水平;1-3周龄肉仔鸡胸腺、脾脏指数;血清中IgA、IgM和胸腺、法氏囊中IL-2、IL-6的水平(P<0.05);对1周龄肉仔鸡血清中IL-2和1-3周龄法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05),提示日粮中添加谷氨酰胺具有改善肉仔鸡免疫功能的作用.     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。选用240只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸能够显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌失水率和粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);(2)添加0.15%的牛磺酸显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌率和瘦肉率(P<0.05),显著降低皮脂厚(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),显著降低胸肌粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);(3)0.20%的牛磺酸显著提高胸肌pH、肉色和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05)。     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

为了研究日粮中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对肉仔鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响,本试验选取270只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成3组,分别在日粮中添加0、0.2%、0.4%Gln,测定各组生长及屠宰性能、免疫器官指数、新城疫HI抗体滴度和外周血T淋巴细胞百分率.结果表明:日粮添加0.2%、0.4%Gln对肉仔鸡生长、屠宰性能有较好的促进作用,并能加快胸腺和脾脏发育,延缓法氏囊退化;添加Gln可提高新城疫HI滴度,其中以14、28日龄时0.2%的添加剂量提高最为显著(P<0.05);Gln可促进肉仔鸡外周血T淋巴细胞的分裂增殖,其中以42日龄时0.2%的添加剂量提高最为显著(P<0.05).由此可知,日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%Gln能够提高肉仔鸡生产性能、增强免疫功能,其中0.2%的添加量较好.     

谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡生长、抗氧化力及肉品质的影响

试验选择240只42 d健康的黄羽肉鸡(母),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,分别饲喂添加0%、0.4%、0.7%和1.0%谷氨酰胺(Gln)的饲粮,试验期28 d,研究外源Gln对黄羽肉鸡后期生长、抗氧化力及肉品质的影响。结果表明:随着饲粮Gln添加水平的提高,56～70 d和42～70 d的耗料增重比线性降低,1.0%Gln组的耗料增重比显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌GSH-Px活力呈线性提高,0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组的肝脏GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05),0.7%和1.0%Gln组的血清和胸肌GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05),1.0%Gln组的腿肌GSH-Px活力显著高于0%组(P0.05);70 d的血清、肝脏、胸肌和腿肌MDA含量以线性方式降低,0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组的肝脏MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05),0.7%和1.0%Gln组的血清和胸肌MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05),1.0%Gln组的腿肌MDA含量显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的胸肌和腿肌滴水损失以线性方式降低,。0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln组胸肌和0.7%和1.0%Gln组腿肌滴水损失显著低于0%组(P0.05);70 d的胸肌pH24h以二次曲线方式提高和腿肌的pH24 h以线性方式提高,0.7%和1.0%Gln组腿肌pH24 h值显著高于0%组(P0.05)。提示,添加0.7%～1.0%Gln能改善黄羽肉鸡后期饲料利用率,提高机体抗氧化力,改善肉品质。     

谷氨酰胺对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响

本文旨在研究日粮中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响。选择28日龄健康的爱拨益加(AA)肉鸡120只(♀),随机分成4组,每组30只,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln的日粮,试验期14 d,试验结束每组随机抽取10只肉鸡屠宰测定屠宰性能及肉品质性状指标。结果表明:日粮中添加Gln对AA肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和皮下脂肪厚无显著影响,有提高熟肉率、宰后肌肉pH值的趋势,D组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),B组和C组胸肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05),C组和D组腿肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示在AA肉鸡日粮中添加Gln对屠宰性能和肉品质性状有改善作用。     

外源谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和小肠形态结构的影响

选取1日龄Avian肉仔鸡300羽,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复25羽.对照组采用基础日粮,试验组在对照组的基础上分别添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的谷氨酰胺,试验期为42 d,研究添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和小肠形态结构的影响.结果表明日粮中添加谷氨酰胺能显著提高肉仔鸡前期日增重、降低料重比(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组内仔鸡小肠各段绒毛长度均匀一致、隐窝深度变浅和固有层厚度变薄,尤其对十二指肠和回肠作用显著(P＜0.05).说明谷氨酰胺能够改善肉仔鸡小肠形态结构并提高其生长性能.     

种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸(IMP)对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及相关基因表达的影响。选取遗传背景相同、体重相近、产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康爱拔益加(AA)种鸡864羽,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复72羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%肌苷酸,试验期30 d。试验结束前1周,母鸡产蛋率到达高峰期,连续收集7 d种蛋,共3 700枚种蛋孵化,孵化结束后,依据母代分组情况,选取孵化所得1日龄健康子代肉仔鸡3 000羽,分成4组,分别记为II(母代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸,子代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸)、IN(母代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸,子代饲喂基础饲粮)、NI(母代饲喂基础饲粮,子代饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸)和NN组(母代饲喂基础饲粮,子代饲喂基础饲粮),每组6个重复,每个重复125羽。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著差异(P0.05);II组腹脂率显著高于NI组(P0.05)。3)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组子代肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌的红度(a*)和黄度(b*)值均无显著差异(P0.05),II组胸肌的亮度(L*)值显著降低(P0.05);IN和NI组胸肌和腿肌pH45 min显著提高(P0.05),IN和NI组胸肌pH24 h显著提高(P0.05),II、IN和NI组腿肌pH24 h显著升高(P0.05)。4)与NN组相比,II、IN和NI组21和42日龄胸肌和腿肌的谷氨酰胺磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶(GPAT)基因相对表达量没有显著差异(P0.05),21日龄NI组胸肌和IN组腿肌的腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL)基因相对表达量显著提高(P0.05),42日龄II和IN组胸肌的ADSL基因相对表达量显著提高(P0.05)。以上结果提示,种鸡及子代肉仔鸡饲粮添加外源肌苷酸对子代肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能无显著影响;能够提高肌肉pH,降低胸肌L*值,提高胸肌ADSL基因表达量,在一定程度上能够提高子代肉仔鸡肉品质。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.