精子介导法制备GHRH转基因猪的研究

以eGFP为报告基因,生长激素释放激素(GHRH)为目的基因,利用精子介导的基因转移方法,将构建慢病毒载体质粒LV-EGFP-GHRH直接和猪精子孵育,再通过体外人工受精建立GHRH转基因猪模型.经PCR检 测,52头后代中发现7头阳性个体,转基因效率为7.42%.本研究探索了应用精子介导的转基因方法将GHRH转移到动物体内,为猪的转基因育种提供了新的依据.     

慢病毒载体法制备转基因动物研究进展

慢病毒能够感染分裂细胞和非分裂细胞,因而被发展成为重要的转基因载体,已成为制备转基因动物的一种工具,转基因效率明显提高。该文介绍了制备转基因动物的技术方法,比较了慢病毒载体制备转基因动物的特点和优势,介绍了慢病毒载体安全设计的发展,并将近年来国内外利用慢病毒载体法制备转基因动物的研究进行了概述。     

慢病毒载体的构建及其应用于转基因动物的研究进展

为提高慢病毒载体构建水平,提高转基因整体效率,作者综述了慢病毒载体结构及围绕改善生物安全性、提高目标基因装载量、扩大宿主范围而进行的慢病毒载体改造研究发展历程,指出新型慢病毒载体去除了病毒所有辅助基因,引入了外源调控序列,替换了包膜蛋白,大大提高了慢病毒载体的安全性、基因转移效率和表达效率,使宿主细胞类型更广范,而下游表达载体转染方法的研究又为转基因方法的集成与优化奠定了基础。慢病毒载体制备与多种转基因技术的优化集成,将有助于发展简便、高效、经济的转基因新技术,提高转基因技术的整体水平。     

山羊myostatin基因慢病毒RNA干扰载体的构建及效果验证

myostatin基因是肌肉生长和发育的关键负调控因子之一,该基因突变或失活的物种都呈现肌肉增大的双肌表型,暗示在家畜中使该基因失活可以增加其产肉量。为了进一步揭示myostatin在山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中的生物学功能以及制备可有效失活myostatin基因的工具,将筛选的myostatin基因潜在RNA干扰靶位点连接到慢病毒干扰载体的转移质粒中,构建慢病毒介导的RNA干扰载体,验证其干扰效果。结果表明,干扰序列与转移质粒连接正确,成功构建myostatin基因慢病毒干扰载体,慢病毒三质粒共转293T细胞,获得的慢病毒颗粒可高效转染山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,Real-time PCR检测发现慢病毒干扰载体Lv322有效减少山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中myostatin基因mRNA 75%的表达(P<0.01),Western blotting检测显示myostatin蛋白则有效降低了94%(P<0.01)。本试验为研究myostatin基因的功能及制备失活转基因动物提供有效工具以及理论基础。     

转基因动物中慢病毒载体包装的优化

慢病毒载体作为基因治疗载体发展起来,现已用于转基因动物制备.本实验用磷酸钙沉淀法将转移质粒(pCCL-hCMV-eGFP)、包装质粒(pCMVΔR8.9)、包膜蛋白质粒(pMDG(VSV-G))三质粒共转染来源于人胚肾细胞系的包装细胞-293T,转染48 h后收集病毒上清,采用6孔板培养感染细胞,荧光显微镜计数EGFP阳性细胞法测定病毒滴度.载体滴度达2×107 TU/ml左右.     

慢病毒载体在制备转基因动物中的最新进展

慢病毒（Lentivirus）属于逆转录病毒科（Retrovidae），为RNA病毒，由于这类病毒的一个重要特点是毒粒中含有依赖RNA的多聚酶即逆转录酶，故现名为逆转录病毒。慢病毒载体（Lentivirus vectors）与简单的逆转录病毒载体相比，具有可感染分裂细胞及非分裂细胞，转移基因片段容量较大，目的基因表达时间长，不易诱发宿主免疫反应等优点，已成为当前制备转基因动物的载体之一。     

碱处理精子进行家兔ICSI介导转基因的初步研究

采用10 mmol/L NaOH碱处理家兔精子使精子破膜后,和外源基因共同孵育,然后通过ICSI技术导入卵母细胞。另设无碱处理无质粒孵育组和碱处理后精子无质粒孵育空白组,观察并比较胚胎的发育情况。结果:精子碱处理与质粒孵育对胚胎的发育无显著影响(P>0.05),ICSI介导转基因后观察囊胚出现绿色荧光,占总囊胚数的34.78%,外源性DNA的转入率为19.51%。试验初步建立了用碱处理精子结合家兔ICSI的转基因方法。     

慢病毒载体及慢病毒介导的RNA干扰

慢病毒载体是高效的基因转导工具,能将外源基因序列稳定导入分裂期细胞和非分裂期细胞.将慢病毒载体与RNA干扰结合能在哺乳动物的各类细胞中特异性抑制同源基因的表达,它将是基因功能研究和基因治疗的有力手段.应用慢病毒载体进行转基因动物的制备,转基因的效率将得到显著提高.慢病毒介导的RNA干扰具有高效、稳定、特异性强的特点,它能在哺乳动物的各类细胞、多种疾病的离体细胞中实现稳定的RNA干扰.该技术被广泛用于基因功能的研究,在疾病的基因治疗上也具有良好的前景.     

慢病毒载体及慢病毒介导的RNA干扰

慢病毒载体是高效的基因转导工具,能将外源基因序列稳定导入分裂期细胞和非分裂期细胞.将慢病毒载体与RNA干扰结合能在哺乳动物的各类细胞中特异性抑制同源基因的表达,它将是基因功能研究和基因治疗的有力手段.应用慢病毒栽体进行转基因动物的制备,转基因的效率将得到显著提高.慢病毒介导的RNA干扰具有高效、稳定、特异性强的特点,它能在哺乳动物的各类细胞、多种疾病的离体细胞中实现稳定的RNA干扰.该技术被广泛用于基因功能的研究,在疾病的基因治疗上也具有良好的前景.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.