两系杂交稻新组合Y两优143在涟源的种植表现及高产栽培技术

Y两优143在涟源作中稻栽培,表现出熟期适中、高产、抗病虫害、抗高温、耐肥抗倒、适应性广等特点,总结了其高产栽培技术。     

陵两优942特征特性及软盘抛秧高产栽培技术

陵两优942是湖南怀化市农业科学研究所与湖南亚华种业科学研究院选育的两系中熟杂交早稻组合,2011—2012年在永州市零陵区示范种植,均表现出生育期适中、丰产性好、米质优、耐肥抗倒、适应性强等特点,适合在零陵区作早稻大面积推广种植。介绍了该组合的特征特性及软盘抛秧高产栽培技术。     

优质高产两系杂交晚籼稻新组合新两优106

新两优106系安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司利用新安S与优质晚籼稻恢复系YR106配组育成的具防伪功能的优质高产两系杂交晚稻新组合,2008年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了新两优106的选育过程、特征特性、栽培和制种技术要点。     

荃银高科新两优系列防伪稻研究

安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司以广占63-4S为母本、具隐性浅褐色颖壳的爪哇稻材料M95为父本,杂交育成颖壳具浅褐色标记性状的籼型水稻光温敏核不育系新安S(稃色受一对隐性基因控制)。并以新安S为母本,配组了多个带有浅褐色标记的防伪稻新品种。这项技术在全国尚为首创,能够快速、简便、直观、准确鉴别杂交水稻种子的真假,同时为机械化制种混播色选创造了条件,从而提高了制种产量,降低了成本,且可有效杜绝假种子坑农现象,在杂交稻制种上具有重要意义。其配组的新两优6号、新两优106、新两优901、新两优343、新两优香4等高产优质新两优系列防伪稻,商品属性突出,或耐肥抗倒,适应性广,或口味佳,带有香气,或粒型较大,适应了不同生长环境的需要,满足了不同农户的需求。     

香型杂交稻组合新香优80优质高产栽培技术

总结了新香优80在桃源种植情况,具有产量高、稻米品质优良、综合农艺性状较好、耐肥抗倒、耐寒性较强、抗病性一般等特点,并提出了优质高产栽培技术.     

准两优608在桃源的种植表现及高产栽培技术

准两优608是湖南杂交水稻研究中心与湖南隆平种业有限公司用准S与R608配组选育而成的两系杂交稻新组合,具有熟期好、季别灵活、丰产稳产性好、适应性广、耐肥抗倒、抗逆性好、再生能力强、米质优等特点,适合在桃源作一季稻和双季晚稻大面积推广种植.介绍了该组合在桃源的种植表现及高产栽培技术.     

培两优288稻瘟病综合防治技术探讨

两系杂交稻培两优288不抗稻瘟病，通过采用种子消毒、健身栽培、科学用药防治等综合技术，在稻瘟病区大面积种植获得了高产丰收。     

杂交稻新品种陕农优206高产制种技术

陕农优206是汉中市农业科学研究所以陕农1A为母本、陕恢206为父本配组选育而成的三系籼型杂交稻新品种,该品种具有优质、高产、抗倒、生育期短等特点。2017年通过陕西省农作物品种审定(陕审稻2017007号)。根据陕农优206在陕南地区亲本特征特性及多年制种试验,对陕农优206高产制种技术进行总结,为其大面积推广提供技术支持。     

杂交中籼稻新品种两优8106的特征特性及高产栽培技术探讨

两优8106是安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司选育的晚熟、优质、高产杂交中籼稻新品种,2012年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种优质、高产、稳产、适应性好,适宜在江西、湖南、浙江、湖北和安徽长江以南的一季稻种植。从介绍品种选育出发,论述了抗倒高产杂交中籼稻新品种两优8106特征特性,并阐述了其高产栽培技术。     

两系超级杂交稻两优0293在江苏睢宁的种植表现及高产栽培技术

两优0293在江苏睢宁县连续2a种植,表现高产、优质、抗倒.介绍了适期播种育壮秧、科学运筹肥水、综合防治病虫害等配套栽培技术.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。