MD疫苗免疫雏鸡攻击v MDV后IL-2及IL-2R的变化

接种马立克氏病(MD)三价疫苗的雏鸡,用马立克氏病强毒(vMDV)攻击,免疫保护指效为73.3%,脾脏和胸腺 T 淋巴细胞 IL-2诱生活性比 vMDV 感染雏鸡显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.01),IL-2R 诱导表达显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05);接种火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)疫苗的雏鸡,用 vMDV 攻击,免疫保护指数为56.7%,脾脏和胸腺 T 淋巴细胞 IL-2诱生活性比 vMDV 感染雏鸡显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05).IL-2R 诱导表达显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01).     

雏鸡人工感染马立克氏病强毒后白细胞介素2及其受体的变化

１日龄雏鸡人工感染马立克氏病强毒后，脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２诱生活性比健康对照雏鸡显著降低，胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性虽见降低但无统计学显著性差异。脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２受体诱导表达显著减少。     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对vMDV所致雏鸡自由基损伤的保护作用研究

1日龄雏鸡马立克氏病强毒（vMDV）感染并注射黄芪多糖和香菇多糖后，均可降低马立克氏病（MD）发病率和MD死亡率，显著增强中枢和外周淋巴器官和主要实质器官含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Se-GSHPx）活性（P＜0.05，P＜0.01），明显降低过氧化脂质（LP）的含量。表明两种多糖对vMDV所致雏鸡免疫器官和主要实质器官组织的自由基损伤有保护作用，两种多糖的保护作用具有器官选择性和发挥作用的时限性。     

1日龄雏鸡接种超抗原SEB和MDV后脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ的体外诱生

为研究超抗原(SAg)在禽类诱导的免疫机理和进一步揭示MDV(马立克氏病病毒)感染的免疫学规律,采用NO-释放法,设计用雏鸡骨髓巨噬细胞为靶细胞检测1日龄雏鸡接种超抗原SEB和MDV后脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生的动态变化.结果发现,超抗原SEB(SAG-SEB)可提高脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生水平,其中,高剂量(1 ng/只)引起短时加强后下降,而低剂量(0.01 ng)则出现缓升缓降现象;而MDV接种则抑制脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN-γ体外诱生; SAg-SEB能增强雏鸡细胞免疫,主要表现于接种初期(1-10 d PI),而MDV却在接种后1-25 d间降低细胞免疫;说明超抗原SEB和MDV虽然均可引起鸡T细胞增殖,但对鸡免疫细胞IFN-γ的体外诱生作用不同.     

鸡的常见病毒性免疫抑制病的防治

马立克氏病(M D)、鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)、鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)是由病毒感染引起的免疫抑制病。本文就这几种常见疾病的免疫抑制机理及有关防治措施作一简要综述。1马立克氏病1.1免疫抑制机理由马立克氏病病毒(M D V)感染所导致的免疫应答的抑制是马立克氏病的一个重要特征,这决定于M D V分离株的致病力。造成免疫抑制后常会改变宿主对其他病原体的易感性。免疫抑制可能是M D V感染引起淋巴细胞溶细胞性感染的直接结果。一些报道提供的体外研究数据表明,马立克氏病肿瘤细胞本身可能就有免疫抑制活性,这可能是表达具有免疫抑制性的鸡…     

1日龄雏鸡中超抗原SEB和MDV后脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN—γ的体外诱生

为研究超抗原（SAg)在禽类诱导的免疫机理和进一步揭示MDV（马立克氏病病毒）感染的免疫学规律，采用NO－释放法，设计用雏鸡骨髓巨噬细胞为靶细胞检测1日龄雏鸡接种超抗原SEB和MDV后脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN－γ体外诱生的动态变化。结果发现，超抗原SEB（SAG－SEB）可提高脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN－γ体外诱生水平，其中，高剂量（1ng/只）引起短时加强后下降，而低剂量（0.01ng)则出现缓升缓降现象，而MDV接种则抑制脾与胸腺淋巴细胞IFN－γ体外诱生，SAg-SEB能增强雏鸡细胞免疫，主要表现于接种初期（1－10dPI)，而MDV却在接种后1－25d间降低细胞免疫，说明超抗原SEB和MDV虽然均可引起鸡T细胞增殖，但对鸡免疫细胞IFN－γ的体外诱生作用不同。     

MD疫苗免疫雏鸡攻击vMDV后IL—2及IL—2R的变化

接种马立克氏病三价疫苗的雏鸡，用马立克氏病强毒攻击，免疫保护指数为７３．３％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ｖＭＤＶ感洒雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加；接种火鸡疱疹病毒疫苗的雏鸡，用ＶＭＤＶ攻击，免疫保护指数为５６．７％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ＶＭＤＶ感染雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加。     

香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对马立克氏病强毒感染雏鸡白细胞介素2活性和？…

１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡以马立克氏病强毒人工感染后,马立克氏病发病率３３．７５％,死亡率１１．２５％,同健康雏鸡相比,ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应降低和显著降低。ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡注射香菇多糖和黄芪多糖,ＭＤ发病率分别为２０％、１７．５％,死亡率分别为７．５％、５％。同感染组相比,感染／香菇组和感染／黄芪组的ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应升高和显著升高。     

不同马立克氏病抗性鸡攻毒后IL-18基因的差异表达

本试验致力于评价鸡白细胞介素-18(IL-18)基因的表达模式与马立克氏病抗性遗传性状的相关性。MDV-1分别感染7日龄普通品系和抗性品系的霞烟鸡,攻毒后第4、7、10、14、21、28、35天采集外周血并分离外周血淋巴细胞,利用实时定量PCR技术对外周血淋巴细胞中IL-18转录水平进行相对定量分析。结果表明,普通霞烟鸡外周血淋巴细胞中具有相对高水平的IL-18mRNA,而马立克氏病抗性霞烟鸡外周血淋巴细胞中则具有相对低水平的IL-18mRNA。结果显示,鸡IL-18基因的表达模式与马立克氏病(MD)抗性遗传性状可能相关。     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对马立克氏病强毒感染雏鸡巨噬细胞活性和白细胞介素-1体外诱生活性的影响

研究表明 ,多糖对免疫系统具有重要调节作用 ,主要表现为免疫刺激和免疫增强。能诱导多种细胞因子 ,增强机体内抗氧化系统功能 ,具有良好的抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗衰老作用。在兽医临床上 ,黄芪多糖(APS)注射液用于防治鸡传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)的作用已得到肯定。近年研究发现 ,黄芪多糖和香菇多糖 (LNT)能增强机体内抗氧化酶系统的功能 ,降低LPO含量 ,减少活性氧自由基对机体的损伤 ,从而降低了马立克氏病 (MD)发病率 (% )和死亡率(% )。由巨噬细胞 (MΦ )产生的白细胞介素 - 1 (IL- 1 )在免疫和炎症方面具有多种功能。它能增强小鼠胸腺…     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.