Effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on cholesterol, triglycerides concentration, and meat quality of finishing pigs

The study was designed to investigate the effect of Rhodobacter capsulatus on serum and meat cholesterol, fatty acid composition in meat, as well as meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 16 120-day-old Landrace female pigs of about 60 kg initial body weight were randomly assigned into two groups. The pigs were fed a supplemented diet with 0.04% dietary R. capsulatus or a control diet for 60 days. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in serum was significantly lowered ( P  < 0.05) in the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet compared to the control diet. Carcass weight, carcass length, shoulder fat, back fat and loin fat thickness, longissimus muscle (LM) area, and color score did not differ significantly between the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet and control diet. Among the nutrient composition of LM meat, neutral fat and triglyceride concentration were significantly ( P  < 0.05) reduced in the finishing pigs by dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus . The proportions of n-6 PUFA were higher ( P  < 0.05) in the pigs fed the R. capsulatus supplemented diet than in the pigs fed the control diet. The supplementation of dietary R. capsulatus to finishing pig diet played important roles in reducing serum cholesterol and meat triglycerides, as well as in increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid content in LM meat.     

日粮中添加中草药制剂对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding Chinese herbal medicine in diets on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs.A total of 60 crossbred (Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)) finishing pigs with an average body weight of (61.87±0.90)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 10 finishing pigs (the ratio of male and female was equal).The control group was fed with the basal diet without antibiotics,the experimental group was fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.1% Chinese herbal medicine.The experimental period lasted for 42 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,ADFI and ADG of experimental group were improved （P＞0.05）,F/G of experimental group was decreased （P＞0.05）,whereas the diarrhea rate and morbidity of experimental group were highly significantly reduced （P＜0.01）. Experimental group increased the carcass weight,dressing percentage,leanness,long body straight,body length,loin muscle area by 1.28%,1.80%,0.16%,0.50%,0.80% and 1.46%,respectively,and the thickness of backfat and skin in experimental group were decreased by 1.11% and 4.16%,respectively,but there were no significant differences between 2 groups （P＞0.05）.The suet rate in experimental group was significantly decreased than those in control group （P＜0.05）,kidney weight ratio and pancreatic weight ratio were increased significantly （P＜0.05）,and other indexes were no significant differences between 2 groups （P＞0.05）.Compared with the control group,the water holding capacity in experimental group had an increasing trend (P＞0.05),tenderness in experimental group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05) and the meat color was also improved.It was indicated that adding 0.1% Chinese herbal medicine in diets could promote growth performance and improve carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs.     

饲粮纤维源对育肥猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响

本文旨在探讨不同纤维源对育肥猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质的影响.试验选用125头初始体重为(48.88±0.81) kg健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长肥育猪,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)以及添加玉米纤维、大豆纤维、小麦麸纤维和豌豆纤维的4种试验饲粮,饲粮纤维的添加量为30％.试验猪体重约为100kg时结束试验.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,大豆纤维组猪的末重和平均日增重显著降低(P＜0.05),大豆纤维组、小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的平均日采食量极显著降低(P＜0.01),小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的料重比显著降低(P＜0.05).2)饲粮中添加4种纤维有降低猪屠宰率的趋势(P=0.06),但对猪的胴体斜长和眼肌面积无显著影响(P＞0.05);而大豆纤维组、小麦麸纤维组和豌豆纤维组猪的平均背膘厚显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).3)饲粮中添加4种纤维有增加猪背最长肌中粗蛋白质含量的趋势(P=0.07),但对背最长肌PH45min亮度值、大理石纹评分和剪切力均无显著影响(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,豌豆纤维组猪的背最长肌pH24h显著提高(P＜0.05),背最长肌滴水损失显著降低(P＜0.05);而大豆纤维组和小麦麸纤维组猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量显著降低(P＜0.05).本研究提示,饲粮中不同的纤维来源会对育肥猪的生长性能、胴体组成和肉品质产生不同程度的影响,其中,豌豆纤维对保障育肥猪的生长性能、改善肉品质的效果较好.     

黄芪对育肥绵羊生长及产肉性能的影响

为探寻育肥绵羊日粮中黄芪(Astargalus membranaceus)适宜的添加量,将36只3月龄体重相近广灵大尾羊公羔随机分成6组,对照组、I、II、III、IV和V处理组分别喂给基础日粮+0%,0.5%,1%,1.5%,2% 和3%黄芪。试验期70 d,考察其生长及产肉性能。结果显示:试验结束时II组活体重显著高于对照组、III组和IV组(P<0.05),极显著高于V组(P<0.01)。II组绵羊30 d和60 d日增重显著高于其他处理组和对照组(P<0.05),II组料重比极显著低于IV组和V组(P<0.01),显著低于C组和III组(P<0.05)。II组胴体重和净肉重极显著高于 IV组、V组和对照组(P<0.01),显著高于I组和III组(P<0.05);胴体分割后II组羊肋脊排和带臀腿重显著高于其他处理组和对照组(P<0.05)。育肥绵羊日粮中添加1%黄芪可显著提高日增重,提高饲料利用率,增加优质肉块的比例。     

育肥猪出栏前去掉预混料对猪胴体与肉品质的影响

为探讨育肥猪出栏前不同时间去掉预混料对胴体和肉品质的影响,选用180头体重为80kg左右的杜长大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成3组(对照组、试验1组、试验2组),每组3个重复(圈),每重复(圈)20头。对照组饲喂含有4%商业预混料的日粮,试验1组宰前2周饲粮中去掉预混料(用沸石粉代替预混料),试验2组宰前4周饲粮中去掉预混料(用沸石粉代替预混料)。屠宰后测定并比较各组猪只的胴体品质和肉品质指标。结果表明:宰前不同时间去掉预混料对猪胴体品质、肉品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究结果为减少生猪养殖过程中的粪污排放对环境的污染以及降低生产成本提供了有益参考。     

茶叶渣替代麸皮对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究茶叶渣替代麸皮对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响.试验选择28日龄体重相近的新西兰兔480只,随机分成4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只(公母各占1/2).对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别以10％、15％和20％茶叶渣替代等比例麸皮.预试期7 d,正试期42 d.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10％茶叶...     

不同体重商品猪胴体性能肉质性状及其相关程度研究

研究测定了92～109 kg体重阶段31头杂交商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性，以分析商品猪胴体、肌肉品质随体重的变化规律及其相关程度，为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明，商品猪在92～95 kg阶段屠宰瘦肉率最高为61.17％，分别比其它3组提高4.83％（P>0.05）、11.83％（P<0.05）和8.84％（P<0.05）；在107～109 kg阶段屠宰肉品质〖JP2〗优良，肌肉pH 6.07，肉色和大理石纹评分较高分别为3.13和 3.33，肌内脂肪含量较高为3.89％，肌肉失水率较低为18.91％。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱，相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关，相反性状间有较强的负相关。综合分析试验结果认为，注重产肉量强调胴体瘦肉率时可选择在92～95 kg阶段屠宰；注重肉品质时可选择107～109 kg阶段屠宰；若二者兼顾则选择95~98 kg阶段屠宰较为合适。     

饲粮添加苹果果胶寡糖对育肥后期猪胴体性状、肉品质和结肠主要菌群的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲料添加苹果果胶寡糖(APOS)对育肥后期猪胴体性状、肉品质和结肠主要菌群的影响。试验选取36头平均体重约为80 kg健康"杜×长×大"去势公猪,按照体重相近的原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复2头猪。各处理分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、200和400 mg/kg APOS的饲粮,试验期为28 d。结果表明,饲粮添加APOS未显著影响育肥猪生长性能(P0.05);饲粮添加APOS不同程度地提高了育肥猪的眼肌面积(P0.05)和肌内脂肪含量(P=0.07),不同程度地降低了育肥猪的肌肉滴水损失(P=0.06)和蒸煮损失(P0.05);另外,饲粮添加APOS还提高了育肥猪结肠食糜中总菌的数量(P=0.07),且显著提高了结肠食糜中挥发性脂肪酸的含量(P0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加200或400 mg/kg APOS对育肥猪生长性能无影响,但可在不同程度上改善育肥猪胴体性状和肉品质,并调节了结肠主要菌群和挥发性脂肪酸产生。     

不同脱脂米糠水平日粮对苏淮猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响

旨在研究不同脱脂米糠水平日粮对苏淮猪胴体性状及肉品质的影响。选取35头初始体重为（62.9±0.8）kg的健康纯种苏淮阉公猪,随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪,使用奥斯本种猪生产性能测定系统（OTSS）饲喂。对照组（CTRL）饲喂不含脱脂米糠的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别饲喂7%、14%、21%和28%脱脂米糠的试验日粮,5组日粮的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平分别为8.89%、11.80%、12.93%、14.35%和17.94%,各组日粮除纤维水平不同外,其他营养成分基本一致。试验预饲期10 d,所有猪饲喂基础日粮;正式期28 d,分别饲喂基础日粮和试验日粮。试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,测定其胴体性状（胴体重、屠宰率、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚和皮厚）;采集肉样用于测定肉质性状（滴水损失、剪切力、熟肉率、肌内脂肪含量、pH和肉色）;采集背最长肌样品用于猪滴水损失主效基因磷酸化酶激酶γ1（phosphorylase kinase gamma1,PHKG1）表达分析。结果表明：1）日粮脱脂米糠水平对苏淮猪的胴体重、屠宰率、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚和皮厚等胴体指标没有显著影响。2）随脱脂米糠水平的提高,苏淮猪背最长肌的滴水损失呈先降低后上升的二次曲线变化（P<0.05）,猪肉的剪切力线性降低（P<0.05）;熟肉率、pH_{24 h}随脱脂米糠水平的增加呈线性增加的趋势（P=0.061,P=0.068）;日粮脱脂米糠水平的增加有降低L_{24 h}^*的趋势（线性,P=0.085）,脱脂米糠水平对其它肉质指标均无显著影响。3）PHKG1基因的相对表达量随脱脂米糠水平的增加趋于二次方升高（P=0.085）。综上所述,日粮脱脂米糠水平对苏淮育肥猪的胴体性状无显著影响,但在日粮中适度添加脱脂米糠可降低苏淮猪猪肉的滴水损失及剪切力,改善苏淮猪猪肉品质,但其背后的机制还有待进一步深入研究。     

饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、肉品质及风味物质含量的影响。选取平均体重为(55±2)kg的杜×长×大三元杂猪240头,随机分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头试猪,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕型),2个试验组饲粮分别在基础饲粮中添加0.3%乳酸菌干粉和0.3%乳酸菌菌液,这2种制剂中乳酸菌含量均为1.2×10~9 CFU/g。试验期57 d,在饲养试验结束时,每个重复选择2头(1公1母)接近平均体重的试猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性状、肉品质和风味物质含量。结果表明:饲粮中添加乳酸菌干粉和乳酸菌菌液均对肥育猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量及耗料增重比无显著影响(P0.05),对肥育猪胴体直长、斜长、背膘厚、皮厚及眼肌面积也无显著影响(P0.05),对肌肉的肉色、大理石纹、pH、滴水损失率及剪切力无显著改善(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加乳酸菌菌液显著降低背最长肌中次黄嘌呤含量(P0.05),但2个试验组肌苷酸、谷氨酸和肌内脂肪均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂乳酸菌制剂对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉质无显著影响,但可降低肌肉中次黄嘌呤含量,有利于改善猪肉的风味。     

Physical and nutritional properties of buffalo meat finished on hay or maize silage‐based diets

The current study examines the effect of different finishing diets (hay‐ vs. maize‐silage on meal ration) on carcass quality, physical, chemical and sensory properties, and fatty acid profiles of buffalo meat. Twenty male Italian Mediterranean buffaloes (246 ± 9.00 kg live weight) were distributed at random into two groups at the beginning of the finishing period (368 ± 20 days). The buffaloes were offered two finishing diets: a maize silage (MS) or an alfalfa hay (AH) diet. No significant differences were found between dietary treatments for live and carcass weight. Meat chemical composition was influenced by dietary treatment. A higher fat content was detected in meat from animals finished with MS than AH (P < 0.05). Overall, the data indicated differences between the fatty acid profiles of meat as a consequence of different feeding systems. The higher fat deposition in the MS group resulted in meat with a less favorable fatty acid profile (i.e. a lower polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and α‐linolenic fatty acid content) in relation to human health compared with meat from animals fed the AH diet.     

不同梯度发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同梯度发酵豆粕等量替代普通豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择240头初始体重(61.25±2.31) kg的"杜×长×大"育肥猪,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复5头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,5个试验组依次采用5％、7％、9％、11％、13％...     

不同氨基酸限量水平对肉鸭的生长性能和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮不同氨基酸水平对1～56 d肉鸭生长性能和胴体特征的影响。将平均初始体重为（55.92±0.56）g的800只1日龄肉鸭随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复40只。各组肉鸭在1～21 d时饲喂赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸水平分别为0.90%+0.75%+0.70%、1.0%+0.80%+0.80%、1.10%+0.90%+0.85%、1.20%+1.0%+0.95%、1.30%+1.10%+1.0%的日粮,22～56 d时饲喂赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸水平分别为0.75%+0.65%+0.55%、0.80%+0.70%+0.60%、0.90%+0.75%+0.65%、0.95%+0.80%+0.70%、1.0%+0.85%+0.75%的日粮。结论：T4和T5组较T1和T2组显著提高了21 d肉鸭的体重（P＜0.05）,T1组1～21 d肉鸭的平均日增重最低（P＜0.05）,而料重比最高（P＜0.05）。T2、T3和T4组肉鸭的胸肌相对重量显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）,但日粮氨基酸限量水平对肉鸭胴体重、肝脏、腹脂和腿肌相对重量及肉色、pH、蒸煮损失、系水力的影响均不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：在肉鸭生长早期,随着日粮氨基酸水平的升高,日增重表现为显著升高,但氨基酸水平对肉鸭生长后期的生长性能和胴体特征影响很小。 [关键词]氨基酸|肉鸭|生长性能|胴体特征     

复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响。将60头育肥猪随机分成4组,每组15头猪。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的复方中草药。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ组育肥猪平均日增重、血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著提高(P<0.05),失水率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪末重、平均日增重、胴体重、胴体斜长、熟肉率、脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量、IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),料重比、背膘厚、剪切力、失水率均显著降低(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪胴体重、胴体斜长、血清IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,育肥猪基础饲粮中添加1.0%和2.0%的该复方中草药制剂均能改善育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能,临床应用中选择1.0%作为最适添加剂量。     

饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取体重为(77.0±0.1)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪72头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。3组试验猪分别饲喂含0.25%(低异亮氨酸水平,表现为异亮氨酸缺乏,L-Ile组)、0.39%(NRC推荐异亮氨酸水平,N-Ile组,作为对照组)和0.53%(高异亮氨酸水平,表现为异亮氨酸超量添加,H-Ile组)标准回肠可消化异亮氨酸的饲粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明:饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量没有显著影响(P0.05),但L-Ile组料重比较对照组显著增加(P0.05);随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加,肥育猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量线性提高(P0.05),而剪切力线性下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积和肉色评分显著降低(P0.05),采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的热胴体重、屠宰率以及背最长肌滴水损失和黄度值均显著降低(P0.05);随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加,血清甘油三酯含量线性提高(P0.05),血清尿素氮含量线性下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,采食异亮氨酸超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的血清葡萄糖含量显著增加(P0.05),采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的血清中游离的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的浓度显著降低(P0.05),而采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量均显著降低(P0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中异亮氨酸缺乏对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量有负面影响,而超量添加异亮氨酸会显著改善肌肉的剪切力和滴水损失,增加肌内脂肪含量,但会以降低热胴体重、屠宰率为代价。     

Efficiency of extruded linseed for the finishing of grass-fed steers to counteract a decline of omega-3 fatty acids in the beef

Effects of different finishing regimes with and without conventional or linseed-supplemented concentrate on growth performance and carcass composition of grass-fed steers as well as meat quality and lipid composition of the beef were investigated. Limousin × Brown Swiss and Limousin × Holstein–Friesian crossbred steers were fed on a grass-based forage-only diet up to an average live weight of 470 kg and an age of 18 months. During the following finishing period, two groups received 3 kg/day of concentrate additional to fresh grass and hay. One concentrate was a conventional cereal-based type (CC) the other contained extruded linseed (LS). Steers of these two groups were fattened to 560 kg of live weight. Two other groups further on received only grass and hay and were slaughtered either at the same average weight (G₁) or at the same age (G₂) as CC steers. The concentrate supplementation in the finishing period did not significantly increase average daily gains of the steers. The killing-out percentage was improved by CC, which was reflected in heavier hot carcasses. No other carcass quality trait was significantly affected by the different feeding regimes. The direct comparison of G₂ with CC showed a significantly higher shear force and compression energy in m. longissimus dorsi (LD) of G₂, suggesting a less tender LD, but not m. biceps femoris (BF), of the grass-fed steers. In the groups compared at the same slaughter weight, no significant differences were observed in meat colour and texture. Lower proportions of C18:3n-3 (omega-3) in total lipids and in phospholipids of LD and BF were found for CC steers compared to grass-fed steers. This effect was partly compensated for by the supplementation of linseed to the concentrate which also exerted a trend towards higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid. However, since the n-6/n-3 ratio in the beef of the CC steers was still favourably low, it remains a matter of economic calculations and marketing considerations to determine whether linseed supplementation might be a cost-efficient measure in pasture beef programs to produce meat with claimed dietetic advantages in terms of fatty acid composition.     

竹酢粉对育肥猪肉品质和风味的影响

本试验旨在研究竹酢粉对育肥猪肉品质和风味的影响。试验选择40头体重相近育肥猪,随机分成5组(每组4个重复,每个重复2头)。对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组(ANT)饲喂基础饲粮+0.12%复合抗生素,竹酢粉组分别饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%(BV5)、1.0%(BV10)和1.5%(BV15)的竹酢粉,试验期60 d。结果表明:1)BV5和BV10猪肉红度值显著高于CON和ANT(P0.05),BV10和BV15猪肉剪切力显著低于CON(P0.05),各竹酢粉组猪肉剪切力均显著低于ANT(P0.05);2)BV10和BV15猪肉中天冬氨酸和风味氨基酸含量显著高于CON和ANT(P0.05),各竹酢粉组猪肉中谷氨酸含量均显著高于CON和ANT(P0.05);3)BV5和BV10猪肉中肌苷酸含量显著高于CON和ANT(P0.05),BV15猪肉中肌苷酸含量显著高于ANT(P0.05);4)BV10猪肉中棕榈酸和BV5猪肉中棕榈油酸含量显著高于其他各组(P0.05),BV10和BV15猪肉中十八烷烯酸含量显著高于CON(P0.05)。综上,竹酢粉可改善育肥猪肉品质,提高猪肉风味和营养价值,效果优于抗生素,建议添加量为1.0%。     

玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物和维生素 Ｅ水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中玉米脱水酒精糟及其可溶物（ＤＤＧＳ）和维生素 Ｅ（ＶＥ）水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体和肉品质的影响。采用 ３×２两因子完全随机试验设计,设 ３个玉米ＤＤＧＳ水平（０、１５％、３０％）和 ２个维生素 Ｅ水平（１０、２１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。选取平均体重为（６０±２）ｋｇ的“杜 ×长 ×大”三元杂交肥育猪 ４８头（公母各占 １／２）,按性别、体重随机分为 ６个组,每个组 ８个重复,每个重复 １头猪。试验期为 ４２ｄ。结果表明：１）玉米 ＤＤＧＳ水平对肥育猪平均日增重和料重比无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,对平均日采食量影响极显著（Ｐ＝０．００６）,维生素 Ｅ水平及玉米 ＤＤＧＳ和维生素 Ｅ的互作对生长性能无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）;２）玉米 ＤＤＧＳ和维生素Ｅ水平及其互作对胴体重、屠宰率、胴体斜长、背膘厚度、板油率和眼肌面积等胴体品质评定指标影响均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,胴体脂肪碘值随饲粮中玉米 ＤＤＧＳ水平的提高而极显著升高（Ｐ＝０．００１）;３）玉米 ＤＤＧＳ水平对肌肉 ｐＨ、肉色、剪切力、滴水损失和大理石评分影响均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,饲粮中添加 ２１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ维生素 Ｅ可显著降低肌肉剪切力和滴水损失（Ｐ＜０．０５）。可见,在肥育猪基础饲粮中添加 １５％ ～３０％玉米 ＤＤＧＳ和 ２１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ维生素 Ｅ对其生长性能、胴体和肉品质无显著负影响。     

饲粮添加亮氨酸和谷氨酸对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加亮氨酸和谷氨酸对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。试验选取体重为77 kg左右的"杜×长×大"肥育猪60头,随机分为5个组,每组12头猪,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2.05%L-丙氨酸(等氮对照组)、1.00%亮氨酸+1.37%L-丙氨酸(亮氨酸组)、1.00%谷氨酸+1.44%L-丙氨酸(谷氨酸组)、1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸(亮氨酸+谷氨酸组)。试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,谷氨酸组1~30 d的平均日采食量、末重和背膘厚均显著降低(P0.05),31~60 d的平均日增重降低了22.50%(P0.05);亮氨酸组、亮氨酸+谷氨酸组背最长肌和股二头肌中的肌内脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),且亮氨酸+谷氨酸组1~30 d的平均日增重增加了8.04%(P0.05),31~60 d的平均日增重则降低23.70%(P0.05)。与等氮对照组相比,亮氨酸组和谷氨酸组的熟肉率、滴水损失和肉色均无显著差异(P0.05),亮氨酸+谷氨酸组肌肉黄度值显著降低(P0.05);各试验组背最长肌和股二头肌中风味氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。上述结果提示,饲粮添加1.00%亮氨酸可降低1~30 d肥育猪的料重比,增加背最长肌肌内脂肪含量;饲粮添加1.00%谷氨酸或1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸可增加1~30 d的平均日增重,降低31~60 d的平均日增重;饲粮添加1.00%亮氨酸+1.00%谷氨酸可降低肉色黄度值,增加肌内脂肪含量,从而改善猪肉品质。