罗非鱼无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性分析

LrrG蛋白是无乳链球菌较保守的表面蛋白之一。为获得罗非鱼源无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白并探讨其在罗非鱼体内的免疫原性,本实验根据GenBank中已报道的人源无乳链球菌LrrG基因序列,设计特异性引物,扩增获得罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的LrrG基因。分析表明,其ORF为2 361 bp,编码786个氨基酸,与人源无乳链球菌LrrG基因核苷酸序列的相似性高达98.48%。LrrG蛋白含有3个保守的LRR结构域,并可形成多个抗原表位。将LrrG基因片段克隆转入原核表达载体pET-32a(+),构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)/LrrG,E.coli BL21(DE3)22℃诱导表达6 h。SDS-PAGE显示,诱导表达蛋白的分子量为108.9 ku,并且该重组蛋白以可溶和包涵体2种形式存在。经His Bind亲和柱纯化及超滤管浓缩后,LrrG可溶蛋白浓度达3.40 mg/mL。鱼体注射免疫实验表明,LrrG可溶蛋白对罗非鱼的相对免疫保护率达69.28%,且免疫后4周的血清抗体滴度为1∶800。该研究为深入探讨无乳链球菌LrrG蛋白作为罗非鱼基因工程疫苗的潜在应用价值奠定了基础。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌LrrG-Sip融合基因原核表达载体的构建及表达

LrrG和表面免疫原性蛋白（Sip）是无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）的2种表面蛋白,具有良好的免疫原性。为获得罗非鱼无乳链球菌表面蛋白LrrG和Sip蛋白的融合蛋白,该试验采用基因拼接技术中的双酶切法分2步逐个将Sip和LrrG基因插入pColdⅡ载体中,构建原核表达载体pColdⅡ-LrrG-Sip。将成功构建的融合基因原核表达载体转化感受态细胞BL21（DE3）,进行诱导表达条件的优化。结果显示,15℃、IPTG 0.5 mmol·L-1诱导9 h,目的蛋白呈可溶状态的表达量最高。Western Blot检测结果显示LrrG-Sip融合蛋白大小与预测一致（162kDa）,说明成功构建了融合基因,为罗非鱼源无乳链球菌亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

罗非鱼源无乳链球菌ZQ0910转录调控因子rovS基因的克隆及表达研究

为了对罗非鱼源无乳链球菌ZQ0910株毒力相关转录调控因子rovS进行克隆及表达研究,实验根据GenBank上登录的相关基因设计引物,采用PCR方法扩增该株细菌的rovS基因,然后将该基因定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中进行IPTG诱导表达.结果显示,该基因有849个碱基,编码282个氨基酸;同源基因序列比对显示,无乳链球菌ZQ0910株与无乳链球菌2603 V与ATCC13813的rovS基因的同源性最高;经IPTG诱导后表达的融合蛋白分子量为34 ku;用亲和层析后的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,经ELISA检测效价达到1∶512000.研究结果表明,实验成功克隆与表达了rovS基因,为深入探讨RovS调节因子在调节细菌的代谢、生长和毒力等多种生命活动中的作用提供了理论依据.     

无乳链球菌LIP蛋白的截短表达及免疫保护性研究

为评价罗非鱼源无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)BX2012株脂蛋白(lipoprotein)的免疫原性及其对奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)和大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的保护效果,以无乳链球菌脂蛋白基因序列(GenBank序列号:CP000114.1,SAK_0321)的B细胞线性抗原表位区设计特异性引物进行扩增,构建重组表达载体,将截短表达的脂蛋白制备成亚单位疫苗,同时制备灭活疫苗进行免疫比对。结果显示:重组表达载体p ET-32a-LIP342在BL21(DE3)中获得了良好的可溶性表达,分子质量约为30 kDa,纯化使LIP342纯度由41.75%提至87.23%;Western blotting分析显示,LIP342可被兔抗无乳链球菌高免血清特异性识别;LIP342在目前已知不同种属来源或不同血清型的无乳链球菌分离株中同源性为90.35%~100%,在罗非鱼源分离株中同源性为100%;无乳链球菌LIP342蛋白和灭活疫苗均可显著提升奥利亚罗非鱼和大菱鲆血清抗体水平,而LIP342诱导的血清抗体水平均显著高于灭活疫苗;经0.1 mL 1×10~9cfu/mL的无乳链球菌攻毒后,LIP342蛋白和灭活疫苗对供试鱼的累积存活率均显著高于PBS对照组。结果表明,高度保守的LIP342具有较好的免疫原性,可作为无乳链球菌亚单位疫苗候选因子。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌Sip-Pgk融合蛋白乳酸菌口服疫苗制备及其免疫效果的研究

为研制比无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)单个蛋白抗原免疫效果更佳的多蛋白重组罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)链球菌病口服疫苗,该研究利用同源重组法构建表达无乳链球菌Sip-Pgk融合蛋白的pNZ8148-sippgk质粒,通过电转化乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis) NZ9000中获得L. lactis NZ9000 pNZ8148-sip-pgk重组乳酸菌,使用nisin诱导表达并进行Western blot鉴定,制备Sip-Pgk融合蛋白乳酸菌口服疫苗,通过不同免疫次数隔周免疫的方式灌胃罗非鱼。ELISA检测免疫后的血清抗体水平,在灌胃免疫结束后的第18天通过腹腔注射无乳链球菌攻毒获得相对免疫保护率。结果显示,构建的重组乳酸菌诱导表达的蛋白大小为92 kD,与目的蛋白大小一致。与2次免疫比较,3次免疫该融合蛋白乳酸菌疫苗能显著提高罗非鱼的血清抗体水平和对无乳链球菌的免疫保护效果。3次免疫Sip-Pgk融合蛋白乳酸菌疫苗的血清水平显著高于单一蛋白组和PBS组,其相对免疫保护率最高(45.56%)。     

罗非鱼源无乳链球菌兼职蛋白EF-Tu的克隆、表达及其抗原性检测

为检测罗非鱼源无乳链球菌兼职蛋白EF-Tu(延伸因子Tu,Elongation Factor Tu)的抗原性,本实验克隆了罗非鱼源无乳链球菌HN0303的EF-Tu基因序列,并进行了蛋白相关性质的预测和系统发育树的构建。通过原核表达得到EF-Tu重组蛋白,同时利用纯化的蛋白免疫家兔获得多克隆兔抗EF-Tu重组蛋白血清以用于EF-Tu蛋白抗原性检测。结果显示,罗非鱼源无乳链球菌HN0303 EF-Tu基因有1个由1197个碱基组成的ORF,编码398个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示其分子式为C_(1933)H_(3096)N_(532)O_(615)S_(11),分子质量为43.981 ku,理论等电点为4.749;具有多个磷酸化位点,不具有信号肽和跨膜区域;具有保守的EFTu结构域、EF-Tu-II结构域和EF-Tu-Ⅲ结构域,且与其他来源无乳链球菌的EF-Tu蛋白具有很高的同源性;具有较高的抗原指数,表明其可形成多个抗原表位。SDS-PAGE检测发现,诱导表达的重组蛋白以包涵体的形式出现在沉淀中,大小约为66.4 ku。Western Blot分析表明,兔抗EF-Tu重组蛋白血清能分别特异性结合菌体蛋白和EF-Tu重组蛋白。同时使用兔抗EF-Tu重组蛋白血清封闭罗非鱼源无乳链球菌HN0303表面的EF-Tu蛋白后,无乳链球菌HN0303粘附EPC(Epithelioma papulosum cyprini,鲤鱼上皮细胞)的能力下降了79.99%±2.43%。本研究表明,原核表达的罗非鱼源无乳链球菌EF-Tu重组蛋白具备较好的抗原性,用其制备的兔抗血清能够较好地抑制罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的粘附,推测其可能为罗非鱼源无乳链球菌亚单位疫苗的候选蛋白。     

无乳链球菌Sip-GAPDH嵌合核酸疫苗的制备及免疫效果评价

为了研究无乳链球菌Sip-GAPDH嵌合核酸疫苗对罗非鱼链球菌病的免疫保护作用,本研究通过PCR和重叠延伸拼接技术(SOEing)获得融合基因Sip-GAPDH,连接至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)制备DNA疫苗,通过背鳍肌肉注射方式免疫吉富罗非鱼,免疫后第7、28天取样,采用PCR及RT-PCR方法检测pcDNA-Sip-GAPDH在各个组织(包括肌肉、脑、头肾、脾脏、鳃和肝脏)中的表达情况。采用ELISA、Real-time PCR法和体外攻毒法分别分析各实验组不同时间血清抗体效价、免疫基因(IgM、IL-1β和CD8)表达变化规律和相对保护率,研究该嵌合性疫苗对吉富罗非鱼的保护效果。结果显示,实验组在免疫接种第7和第28天时,注射点周围的肌肉、脑、头肾、脾脏、鳃和肝脏均能检测到嵌合性质粒,实验组罗非鱼血清抗体效价均高于对照组并于21 d时达到峰值(1∶4 096);qPCR数据表明,实验组鱼体胸腺、头肾和脾脏的IgM、IL-1β和CD8基因的mRNA表达量均出现了上调,并且在胸腺、头肾和脾脏中的表达量分别在免疫后第12和第48 h达到峰值;免疫后42 d进行人工攻毒后计算免疫保护率为93.3%。以上研究结果表明,本研究构建的无乳链球菌Sip-GAPDH嵌合核酸疫苗在罗非鱼链球菌病防治中具有潜在的应用价值。     

尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌Sip蛋白乳酸菌活载体口服疫苗的研制及其免疫效果

链球菌病是威胁我国罗非鱼养殖产业健康发展的重要病害之一。为研制出免疫效果好、操作简便的罗非鱼链球菌病疫苗,本研究构建重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的穿梭质粒pNZ8124-Sip,通过酶切和测序验证后电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得能够诱导重组表达无乳链球菌Sip蛋白的乳酸菌活菌载体疫苗。采用SPS-PAGE电泳摸索最佳诱导浓度和诱导时间以获得最大表达量,通过镍柱纯化目的蛋白并进行Western blot检测;利用不同浓度的重组乳酸菌活载体疫苗灌胃口服免疫尼罗罗非鱼,采用间接ELISA法测定免疫后血清抗体水平变化,通过人工腹腔注射感染无乳链球菌获得相对免疫保护率。研究结果显示,构建的重组乳酸乳球菌可通过nisin诱导表达大小为48 ku特异性蛋白,与目的蛋白大小一致;PAGE电泳显示,重组蛋白主要以可溶蛋白和包涵体2种形式存在,其中胞内可溶性蛋白浓度达7.65 mg/mL;诱导表达的最佳条件为100 ng/mL nisin诱导6 h;Western blot检测结果显示,诱导蛋白可与鼠抗His标签抗体特异性结合。口服免疫结果显示,中浓度组(2.24×10~(10) CFU/mL)和低浓度组(2.24×10~9 CFU/mL)免疫2次能够显著提高尼罗罗非鱼的血清抗体水平和抗无乳链球菌感染能力,中浓度免疫组的相对免疫保护率最高为41.0%。本研究可为罗非鱼链球菌病口服疫苗的研究奠定基础,具有广阔的应用前景。     

异源无乳链球菌胞外产物灭活疫苗对罗非鱼的免疫效果

为了研究异源无乳链球菌胞外产物灭活疫苗免疫罗非鱼后的免疫效果, 本研究采用 10%甲醛溶液灭活法制备了无乳链球菌 HN0901 和 GX1101 胞外产物灭活疫苗, 通过腹腔注射途径免疫健康奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus♀×O.aureus♂), 在免疫后 28 d 用同/异源无乳链球菌攻毒, 测定了免疫后和攻毒后罗非鱼的免疫应答反应和血清抗体效价, 并比较了罗非鱼在腹腔注射 1×108 CFU/尾无乳链球菌后的相对免疫保护率和交叉免疫保护率。 结果显示, 免疫鱼谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)在免疫后 28 d 显著高于对照组, 但在攻毒后显著低于对照组; 与对照鱼相比, 免疫鱼的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平在免疫和攻毒后均有不同程度的提高, 丙二醛(MDA)显著降低(P＜0.05)。实时定量 PCR 结果显示, 炎性细胞因子基因 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 TGF-β, 体液免疫相关基因 HSP70, MHC Ⅱ和 IgM 在免疫和攻毒后也呈现显著升高趋势, 并显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。血清抗体效价于免疫后第 28 天达到 1∶6400, 显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。攻毒实验结果显示, 免疫组在同源和异源无乳链球菌攻毒后相对的免疫保护率在 31.6%~47.4%。结果表明, 研制的灭活疫苗免疫罗非鱼后, 能够显著诱导罗非鱼体内的免疫应答, 产生中等疫苗效力, 对同/异源无乳链球菌都具有免疫保护能力。本研究结果为深入研究罗非鱼链球菌病的免疫预防技术和研制二价疫苗奠定了基础。     

鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型ORF4基因的克隆、表达与免疫学检测方法

根据鲤疱疹病毒II型(Cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ,Cy HV-2)ORF 4基因序列(Gen Bank:JQ815364.1)设计特异性引物,PCR扩增得到ORF 4基因编码框全长序列1 041 bp,将其克隆至原核表达载体p ET-32a(+)中,构建了重组原核表达载体p ET-32a-ORF 4。将p ET-32a-ORF 4重组载体转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导得到融合表达的重组蛋白,融合表达的重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,其分子质量约为57 ku,与预期大小一致。将纯化的重组蛋白免疫日本大耳兔,制备了多克隆抗体,ELISA检测抗体效价大于1∶50 000,Western blot检测显示该抗体可以特异性识别重组蛋白。间接免疫荧光检测结果表明:该多克隆抗体可与由Cy HV-2感染引起细胞病变的异育银鲫脑组织细胞(GICB)发生特异性的结合。     

Antigenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae extracellular products and vaccine efficacy

Streptococcus agalactiae is a major bacterial pathogen that is the cause of serious economic losses in many species of freshwater, marine and estuarine fish worldwide. A highly efficacious S. agalactiae vaccine was developed using extracellular products (ECP) and formalin-killed whole cells of S. agalactiae. The vaccine efficacy following storage of S. agalactiae ECP and formalin-killed S. agalactiae cells at 4 degrees C for 1 year was determined. The stored ECP containing S. agalactiae formalin-killed cells failed to prevent morbidity and mortality among the vaccinated fish, and the relative percentage survival was 29. Serum antibody responses of the stored ECP and freshly prepared ECP against soluble whole cell extract of S. agalactiae indicated that significantly less antibody was produced in fish immunized with stored ECP and S. agalactiae cells than in those fish immunized with freshly prepared ECP and S. agalactiae cells at day 31 post-vaccination. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and immunostaining of Western blots with tilapia antiserum to S. agalactiae revealed that predominant 54 and 55 kDa bands were present in the freshly prepared ECP fraction. The 55 kDa band was absent from the stored ECP and new bands below 54 kDa appeared on the Western blot. The results of this study on S. agalactiae ECP provide evidence for a correlation between protection and antibody production to ECP and for the importance of the 55 kDa ECP antigen for vaccine efficacy.     

吉富罗非鱼家系构建及抗病力检测

文章以吉富罗非鱼（GIFTstrainOreochromisniloticus）为研究对象,按照1雄配1雌原则进行家系配对,待家系鱼生长至50～60g·尾“时人工感染无乳链球菌（Streptococcusagalactiae）（菌株GD001）。通过对GD001菌株半数致死浓度测定及各家系感染死亡率的统计,研究了GD001无乳链球菌感染对各家系吉富罗非鱼抗病力的影响。结果表明,1）配对成功家系67个,经繁殖性能筛选后留种53个,家系留种率为79．1％;2）GD001菌株的半数致死浓度为4×108cfu·mL－1,感染后2～6d为死亡高峰期;3）GD001菌感染53个家系后有11个家系的成活率在90％以上,15个家系的成活率在70％～89％,19个家系的成活率在30％～69％,8个家系的成活率低于30％,表明不同家系对GD001菌株的抗病力存在着显著的差异（P〈0．05）。     

无乳链球菌不同途径感染吉富罗非鱼后病原菌在体内的分布规律研究

为探讨无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)感染罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp)的致病途径。采用腹腔注射、灌胃和浸泡三种方式对吉富罗非鱼进行无乳链球菌(HN016菌株)胁迫感染,利用平板活菌计数法统计三种方式感染后病原菌在体内组织的分布。注射和灌胃两种方式感染后均出现典型的链球菌感染发病症状,其中注射组在感染24 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为92.5%;灌胃组感染48 h后出现死亡高峰,死亡率为90%;而浸泡组,感染后均没有出现明显的发病症状,也没有出现死鱼。注射组和灌胃组在感染后2 h,其脾脏、肝脏、前肾、胃、腮、皮肤和肌肉组织中均可分离出病原菌,5 h后在脑组织中均可分离出病原菌,8 h后各组织分离出的病原菌数达到峰值;而浸泡组在感染8 h后才从各组织中分离出病原菌,且它们的数量均低于同时期的注射组和灌胃组。注射和灌胃两种方式可使吉富罗非鱼快速感染无乳链球菌而发病,而浸泡方式感染后病原菌虽可以侵入机体,但不表现出症状。由此,我们推测在自然条件下养殖的罗非鱼是通过口腔采食携带无乳,链球菌的食物而被感染。     

Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccination and Infection Stress in Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

The stress response following intraperitoneal (IP) injection of a non-adjuvant Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in cultured warmwater Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, has not been investigated. Further, little or no information is available on stress following S. agalactiae infection and what effect, if any, vaccination has on susceptibility to infection. The objective of this study was to develop preliminary information on the associations between vaccination, stress, and infection. Blood glucose levels were used to evaluate stress in the fish at different time intervals following vaccination and challenge with S. agalactiae. Blood glucose levels were measured in vaccinates and controls at 0, 2, 6, 24 hours, and 28 days post-immunization (0 hours pre-challenge), and at 2,6, 24,48,72, and 312 hours following challenge with 1.5 × 10⁴ colony forming units (CFU) of S. agalactiae/fish. Significant increases in blood glucose levels were observed only in association with the injection of the vaccine and at 2 hours after injection. After S. agalactiae challenge, both controls and vaccinates had significantly (P < 0.05) higher blood glucose values at 2, 24,48, and 72 hours than at 0 hours. However, blood glucose levels in vaccinates were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the controls at 24, 48, and 312 hours. Blood glucose levels and mortality of the infected controls were significantly correlated (r² = 0.9236, P = 0.0134). The cumulative mortality of the vaccinates and controls was 10% and 60% after 13 days post-challenge, respectively. The relative percent survival (RPS) was 83.4. Our results indicate that the vaccine was efficacious against S. agalactiae and induced short-term stress in tilapia. These preliminary results also suggested, for the first time, that vaccination may significantly reduce the infection stress associated with S. agalactiae infection in tilapia.     

中国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌的分子流行病学研究

从广东省以及海南省等地区养殖的患病罗非鱼体内分离、收集到多株致病菌,经生化分析和分子生物学鉴定,均为无乳链球菌。对这些菌株分别进行了耐药谱测定、分子分型试验以及分子血清型分析。药敏试验结果表明,2007—2010年分离到的无乳链球菌耐药谱基本相似;多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)试验中,选择5个高变异指数的可变数目重复位点(VNTR)进行分子分型,结果表明,所有鱼源无乳链球菌菌株为同一MLVA型,而作为对照的牛源无乳链球菌则明显不同;为了对这些菌株进一步分型,分别进行了分子血清型和表面蛋白抗原基因的检测,结果表明,鱼源无乳链球菌的分子血清型均为Ⅰa型,表面蛋白抗原均为alpha-C蛋白。这进一步说明了不同年份和不同地区的鱼源无乳链球菌在基因水平上为同一分子类型,具有相同的起源或传染源。同时也说明,我国南方地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌在这几年中未发生明显的遗传变异。这些结果为罗非鱼无乳链球菌病疫苗研制,疫病监测及药物防治的研究提供理论依据。     

Maternal immunity of tilapia broodstock vaccinated with polyvalent vaccine and resistance of their offspring against Streptococcus agalactiae

This study aimed to examine the use of Streptococcus agalactiae polyvalent vaccine in tilapia broodstock and the effect of maternal immunity and resistance on their offspring against S. agalactiae strain. The broodstock was injected with polyvalent vaccine of S. agalactiae at a dose of 10⁸ CFU per fish at 2nd gonadal maturity until spawning. Challenge test was carried out on the offspring at the 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after hatching using NK₁, N₁₇O, N₁₄G, N₃M, N₄M strain respectively and combination of them. We observed immunological parameters in broodstock, eggs and larvae and relative per cent survival (RPS) of larvae after challenged with pathogenic S. agalactiae. The results showed that the leukocytes, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and antibody levels of vaccinated broodstock had higher level compared with unvaccinated broodstock. The high level of the lysozyme activity, antibody levels and recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) were also observed in eggs and larvae from vaccinated broodstock. Larvae produced from vaccinated broodstock when challenged with variety strain of pathogenic S. agalactiae had RPS value more than 50% until 20 days after hatching. In conclusion, polyvalent vaccine of S. agalactiae administrated in the broodstock could enhance immunity in the broodstock and protect their offspring from pathogenic S. agalactiae.     

暖水鱼类链球菌病研究概况

鱼类链球菌病在世界各主要鱼类养殖国家均有发生，对温带和热带、亚热带地区养殖鱼类危害尤为严重。该病主要是由海豚链球菌和无乳链球菌所引起。本对暖水性鱼类链球菌病的流行病学情况如疾病的分布、易感鱼种类、发病特征、病样的采集、运输及保存，病原菌的分离鉴定，病原菌药敏试验，疫苗的开发等诸多方面进行综述。重点在详细介绍病原菌的基础上阐述现代化分子生物学技术在鱼类链球菌的快速鉴定上的应用及利用疫苗防治鱼类链球菌病的可行性及成果，以期能对鱼类链球菌病的临床防治有指导意义。[编按]     

海豚链球菌simA和pgmA真核表达质粒对尼罗罗非鱼免疫保护的研究

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是世界水产养殖业中的重要经济鱼类,但在养殖生产中易受海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染而致病致死,使用疫苗是一种相对理想的防感染措施。该研究采用海豚链球菌simA、pgmA基因构建的真核表达载体作为DNA疫苗,肌肉注射罗非鱼评估疫苗保护效果。免疫后在DNA和RNA水平上,在注射鱼体内检测到2个目的基因。首次免疫后第7至第28天,鳃、肝、肾脏、头肾中疫苗组的白介素1 (Interleukin,IL-1β)与肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)表达量高于PBS对照组;疫苗组的抗体滴度、血清抗菌活性显著(P<0.05)高于PBS对照组。攻毒后,注射pcDNA3.1-pgmA、pcDNA3.1-simA、pcDNA3.1-pgmA与pcDNA3.1-simA等比例混合疫苗的相对保护率(Relative percent survival,RPS)分别为60.7%、49.9%和75.0%。结果表明所制备的疫苗具有免疫保护效果,可作为候选疫苗。     

Evaluation of the link between gyrodactylosis and streptococcosis of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Streptococcus iniae and Gyrodactylus niloticus are two common pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We studied concurrent infection of tilapia by G. niloticus and S. iniae and evaluated whether parasitism in tilapia with Gyrodactylus increased susceptibility and mortality following immersion infection with S. iniae. Results showed that death mainly occurred in fish with G. niloticus and challenged with S. iniae (G-S group). The accumulative mortality (42.2%) was significantly higher in the G-S group than in fish not infected by the parasite (6.7%), but exposed to S. iniae. Bacteriological examination revealed S. iniae from > or =92% of dead or moribund fish challenged with S. iniae. Gyrodactylus not only damaged fish epithelium and provided entry for invasive bacteria but also was found to harbour viable cells of S. iniae for 24 and 72 h. Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 60% and 40% of G. niloticus collected from fish infected by intraperitoneal injection or immersion, respectively, at 24 h post-challenge. The present study confirms that parasitism of tilapia by G. niloticus increased host mortality following exposure to the bacterial pathogen S. iniae.