鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

用接种鸡胚法从南京地区某发病鸡群中分离出一株病毒。通过血清学试验和致病性试验等研究确定该病毒为传染性法氏囊病病毒。该分离株可人工感染鸡,接种20日龄鸡后第2 d即开始发病,于第4 d出现死亡高峰,病死率达70%。免疫原性研究结果表明,用该病毒制成的灭活苗对鸡具有良好的免疫保护力。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离鉴定及

用接种鸡胚法从南京地区某发病鸡群中分离出一株病毒.通过血清学试验和致病性试验等研究确定该病毒为传染性法氏囊病病毒.该分离株可人工感染鸡,接种20日龄鸡后第2 d即开始发病,于第4 d出现死亡高峰,病死率达70%.免疫原性研究结果表明,用该病毒制成的灭活苗对鸡具有良好的免疫保护力.     

鹅副黏病毒甘肃地方毒株的分离和初步鉴定

鹅副黏病毒病是一种由鹅传播的新型急性传染病,该病与鸡感染新城疫具有相类似的临床症状和病理变化。2019年1月从甘肃某鹅场病鹅体内分离到一株副黏病毒,将病料处理后接种10日龄鸡胚,进行血凝试验(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI),最后进行动物试验。结果表明:该病毒具有血凝活性,可以用标准的新城疫阳性血清抑制血凝活性,可能导致未接种新城疫免疫鸡胚的100%死亡。动物试验证明该病毒对鸡具有100%的发病率和致死率。     

雏鸭病毒性肝炎的诊治

取疑似雏鸭病毒性肝炎病死鸭肝脏制成１：１匀浆，分别接种９日龄鸡胚和１１日龄鸭胚，鸡，鸭胚均于接种后２４～３６小时全部死亡，取鸡胚尿囊膜制成１：２匀浆 接种１１日龄鸭胚，鸭胚于接种后６４小时死亡，取鸡胚尿囊液回归４日龄雏鸭进行人工发病雏鸭于２４～９６小时全部死亡，用已知抗鸭肝病毒卵黄液对发病鸭群紧急被动免疫注射，病鸭群于注射后３天全面停止死亡，取鸡，鸭胚尿囊液制成油乳剂免疫注射后３天全面停止死亡，了     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒SD株毒力测定

从一个免疫失败鸡场中分离到一株鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株,命名为SD株.经血清学试验、鸡胚接种、病毒形态观察等证实了分离物为鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV).测定病毒效价ELD50达到10-6.5/0.2 mL;动物回归试验表明,该SD株接种4周龄鸡后引起鸡群发病率为100%,病死率达85%,剖检可见法氏囊呈"紫葡萄样...     

机器与人工鸡胚接种和收获对比试验

采用意大利TKA公司生产的台式半自动鸡胚接种收获一体机进行了鸡胚接种和收获试验,制备NDVLaSou株及IBVM41株病毒液,共进行了4次机器鸡胚接种和收获试验,同时使用同批鸡胚用人工方式接种和收获作为对照,比较机器与人工接种和收获的速度、鸡胚病毒液的收获量、清亮度及毒价等。结果显示,该设备每小时可接种鸡胚8000—9000枚,收获鸡胚4500枚,机器接种和收获的病毒液的产量、清亮度及毒价等,与人工接种和收获基本相同。试验证明,采用机器接种和收获和人工相比具有较大的优势,极大地提高了生产效率。     

一例鸡传染性囊病的诊断及病毒分离鉴定

为获得目前引起传染性囊病的病毒对2017年5月山东青岛某蛋鸡养殖场疑似感染传染性囊病的病例进行了诊断和病毒分离。采用琼脂糖免疫扩散试验诊断该病;SPF鸡胚培养、动物接种分离培养病毒,用RT-PCR和琼扩试验鉴定鸡胚分离病毒。结果在琼脂糖免疫扩散试验中该病毒能与传染性囊病阳性血清呈现白色沉淀线;在SPF鸡胚接毒后第3~4天出现鸡胚死亡现象,且胚体皮下出血、绒毛尿囊膜增厚混浊等特征;RT-PCR反应中该抗原能利用特异性引物扩增出目的片段;对30日龄SPF鸡攻毒试验中出现腔上囊肿大,黏膜面有点状出血等病变。结果表明,在实验室确诊了传染性囊病并在鸡胚中成功增殖了该病毒。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离和鉴定

为掌握发病鸡场的致病原,将临床病料接种SPF鸡胚分离得到一株病毒,通过胚体病变特征、血凝试验、RT-PCR检测、动物回归试验等对该病毒进行了鉴定,结果显示:病料处理接种鸡胚后48~144 h内鸡胚全部死亡,剖检死亡鸡胚可见胚体存在蜷缩、发育矮小等特异性病痕,收获的鸡胚尿囊液无血凝性,RT-PCR检测为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒阳性,动物回归试验中接种的SPF雏鸡可复制出现鸡传染性支气管炎的典型症状。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒SA2疫苗株免疫效力的研究

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ＩＬＴＶ）疫苗株尿囊膜乳剂原液经点眼接种２、７和１５日龄雏，２日龄雏鸡组在接种后第７天有２０％（１／５）鸡出现眼睑肿胀和流泪等眼部反应，７日龄和１５日龄雏鸡组无明显临床变化。用该疫苗株乳剂原液点眼接种１月龄以上鸡眼部无明显反应，但通过气管接种后，２６．７％（４／１５）鸡表现出ＩＬＴ临床症状。试验用ＳＡ２株点眼接种免疫１月龄以上鸡，免疫组保护率为１００％（２０／２０），对照组发病率为１００％（１０／１０）、死亡率为４０％（４／１０）。２、７和１５日龄雏鸡点眼毒力试验的３组鸡，于接种后２１～３４天用王岗株ＩＬＴ强毒攻击，１００％得到保护，而对照组鸡１００％发病。试验结果表明，ＳＡ２疫苗株是一株毒力温和、副作用小而且免疫效力好的疫苗用毒株     

鹅源新城疫病毒云南流行毒株的鉴定理化试验

用分离病毒KM2007株的尿囊液经氯仿,乙醚,甲醛处理后的病毒液接种9日龄鸡胚,并设对照组;病毒液密封于封闭的小试管中,分别置于100℃1min、2min;56℃5mi n、10min、30min、45min和60min,并迅速冷却,按常规处理接种9日龄鸡胚。结果经氯仿,乙醚,甲醛处理过的病毒液接种的鸡胚全部健活,对照组全部死亡,说明分离病毒对氯仿,乙醚,甲醛敏感。病毒热稳定性试验结果显示：100℃1min,2min;56℃45mi n和60min,鸡胚全部存活,血凝价消失;其他组别的鸡胚部分死亡,血凝价下降,说明病毒对热敏感。     

禽痘病毒活疫苗中网状内皮组织增生病病毒的分离鉴定及其序列比较

为了从怀疑污染禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（Reficuloendotheliosisvirus,REV）的禽痘病毒（Fcwlpoxvirus,FPV）活疫苗中分离病毒,将市场上购买的某些厂家的禽痘弱毒疫苗接种7日龄SPF雏鸡。在5d后采其抗凝血浆接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（chickenembryofibroblast,CEF）,在连续传2代后,用REV特异性单抗做间接免疫荧光试验,确认REV感染,命名为JS0809。提取感染细胞的DNA,采用PCR扩增env基因。测序分析表明,该毒株的env基因开放阅读框同大部分REV-毒株一致,为176lbp。JS0809的囊膜蛋白基因（envelopeproteingene,env）与国内已发表株的同源性高达96．0％-99．％。相对而言,它与早年分离到的毒株的同源性只有96％-97．3％,但与近几年的分离珠的同源性则均高达99．5％-99．8％。它与整合进FPV野毒株中的全基因组REV的env基因同源性很高为99．8％,而与整合进FPV疫苗株中全基因组REV的env基因同源性较低仅为97．3％。本研究证实了在我国生产的某些FPV疫苗中存在REV污染,所污染的REV的env基因更接近最近的流行野毒,这是国内第一次报道从禽痘弱毒疫苗中分离~qREV活毒。     

整合禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒基因的鸡痘病毒野毒株致病性研究

以分离保存的整合禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（REV）基因的鸡痘病毒（FPV）野毒株接种CEF细胞,间接免疫荧光试验检测REV,结果未检测到游离REV病毒粒子;以该毒株人工感染7日龄SPF雏鸡,同时设阴性对照,常规免疫新城瘦弱毒苗（ND）。接毒后每周采血动态检测NDV抗体、REV抗体、REV病毒血症;同时对试验鸡免疫器官指数、组织学变化动态观察,并对免疫器官的细胞凋亡动态检测。结果表明,整合REV基因的FPV感染后2周可引起鸡REV病毒血症,并产生REV抗体;导致中枢免疫器官发育分化不良,尤其对胸腺的影响最为明显,攻毒2周后,试验组与对照组相比,胸腺指数明显下降（P〈o．05）;免疫器官主要表现实质细胞数量少,正常结构发育不良,间质结缔组织增生而发生纤维化;细胞凋亡检测证实免疫器官的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞均有明显的凋亡现象,细胞凋亡是引起免疫器官萎缩的主要原因。对新城疫疫苗免疫反应呈显著的抑制作用,攻毒3周后,试验组血清新城疫病毒抗体滴度显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,其抗体滴度峰值低,维持时间短,下降速度快。本试验证实FPV整合REV前病毒基因组会明显改变FPV的致病性,表现某些REV的致病特征,使感染鸡REV抗体转为阳性并出现病毒血症,进一步证实REV可以通过基因组整合于FPV而进行传播的推测。     

从J亚群禽白血病肿瘤中检测出禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒

将表现为典型 J亚群禽白血病肿瘤的病料分别接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞和 DF1细胞 ,采用间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)和 PCR方法 ,从这些肿瘤病料中分离和鉴定出 8株 J亚群禽白血病病毒 (AL V- J)。对证明感染了 AL V- J的细胞继续培养 ,并用禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒 (REV)的特异性单抗及引物做 IFA和 PCR,在 8株 AL V- J中 ,有 3株AL V- J的感染细胞中同时有 REV感染。由此表明 ,发生肿瘤的肉鸡中 ,AL V- J和 REV的共感染已相当普遍。将这 3株 REV- SD0 0 0 3、SD0 0 0 4和 SD0 10 2的 3′- L TR用 PCR扩增、克隆和序列比较 ,发现分离的 SD0 0 0 3、SD0 0 0 4和SD0 10 2与国内的另外 2株 REV- SD990 1和 HA990 1的同源性为 96 .7%和 96 .1% ;而与另 1株 REV参考株鸭脾坏死性病毒 (SNV)的同源性高达 99%。     

鸡胚中人工感染网状内皮增殖病病毒的检测

为了模仿禽网状内皮增生病毒(REV)垂直感染鸡胚,在1和3日龄的发育SPF鸡胚人工接种不同剂量的REV,并继续孵化至12日龄.在将发育鸡胚制成成纤维细胞单层后,再用抗REV单克隆抗体11B118作间接荧光抗体反应检测REV.结果表明,从所有人工感染REV的鸡胚12日龄制备的成纤维细胞中均能在培养48h检测出REV.该方法可用于检测生产弱毒疫苗的SPF鸡胚及其相应细胞有无REV的污染.     

A TRANSMISSIBLE CHICKEN TUMOUR ASSOCIATED WITH RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS INFECTION

Histiocytic lymphosarcomas of the intestine, liver, spleen and sciatic nerve were found at necropsy in a 36-week-old laying hen that was culled from a flock of 1800 birds because of emaciation. Type C particles were observed in ultrathin sections of liver and spleen. The serum of the hen contained reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) antigen, and antibody against REV, but lacked antibodies reactive with Marek's disease virus or subgroups A and B of Rous sarcoma virus. The tumour was transmitted to chickens using a suspension of the initial tumours. These experimental tumours were then transmitted to further chickens, using cultured spleen cells, viable spleen cells that had been stored frozen, and disrupted spleen cells. The tumours, which developed after incubation periods as short as 2 weeks, were histologically similar to those in the original hen. A few chickens also developed feather abnormalities. The chickens with experimentally transmitted tumours developed antibody against REV and REV antigen was demonstrated in cultured cells from these chickens. The chickens failed to develop antibody against Rous sarcoma virus and only 1 of 29 developed antibody against Marek's disease virus.     

Detection of antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis viruses by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A microplate indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies against reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was consistently more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescent-antibody tests. Limits of antibody detection were comparable to those obtained in virus neutralizations. Detection of REV-infected chickens long after infection and after immunofluorescent antibody has waned makes ELISA especially suitable for screening chicken flocks.     

CAV与REV共感染SPF鸡对疫苗免疫反应的抑制作用

用1日龄SPF鸡人工感染鸡贫血病毒(CAV)和禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV),探讨病毒感染对鸡体疫苗免疫反应的影响。结果表明,在用禽流感病毒(AIV,H5和H9)疫苗免疫后,CAV与REV单独感染均显著抑制了鸡体对H5和H9亚型禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的HI抗体反应,在CAV与REV共感染后,这种抑制作用更为明显。CAV单独感染后鸡体对新城疫病毒(NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)疫苗的免疫反应受到抑制,但与对照组在统计学上的差异不显著,然而,CAV可以显著加重REV感染对鸡体在NDV和IBDV疫苗免疫后抗体反应的抑制作用。从而证实CAV与REV共感染在疫苗免疫抑制上有协同作用。     

鸡抗REV血清的制备与检定

用网状内皮组织增生症病毒（REV）HA9901株免疫SPF鸡,无菌采血制备鸡抗REV血清。通过ELISA、IFA、AGP、HI等方法对制备的血清进行检测,未检出禽类常见的其他17种（或亚型）病毒的抗体,该血清具有良好的特异性。通过测定,该血清用于间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）的效价为1：2000,用于IFA检测REV的染色效果与REV单抗（11818和11854的混合物）相当。试验结果表明,该批血清1000倍稀释可作为一抗,用于REV的间接免疫荧光检测。     

INFECTION STUDIES ON A RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS CONTAMINANT OF A COMMERCIAL MAREK''S DISEASE VACCINE

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was isolated in cell cultures from commercial Marek's disease (herpesvirus of turkeys) vaccine and re-isolated from the organs of vaccinated chickens. Runting and feathering abnormalities were produced when 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with REV. Histopathological lesions in infected chickens were hypoplasia of the thymus, bursa and spleen, and inflammation of the proventriculus, kidneys and liver. Serological responses to REV were detected by the indirect immunoflorescence test in chickens directly inoculated with contaminated vaccine, and spread of REV infection to in-contact chickens was demonstrated by histopathological and serological investigations.     

Evaluation of immune effects of fowlpox vaccine strains and field isolates

The immune effects of fowlpox virus (FPV) field isolates and vaccine strains were evaluated in chickens infected at the age of 1 day and 6 weeks. The field isolates and the obsolete vaccine strain (FPV S) contained integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) provirus, while the current vaccine strain (FPVST) carries only REV LTR sequences. An indirect antibody ELISA was used to measure the FPV-specific antibody response. The non-specific humoral response was evaluated by injection of two T-cell-dependent antigens, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). There was no significant difference in the antibody response to FPV between chickens infected with FPV various isolates and strains at either age. In contrast, antibody responses to both SRBC and BSA were significantly lower in 1-day-old chickens inoculated with field isolates and FPV S at 2-3 weeks post-inoculation. Furthermore, cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses measured by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay and in vivo using a PHA-P skin test were significantly depressed in chickens inoculated with field isolates and FPV S at the same periods. In addition, thymus and bursal weights were lower in infected chickens. These immunosuppressive effects were not observed in chickens inoculated with the current vaccine strain, FPVST, at any time. The results of this study suggest that virulent field isolates and FPV S have immunosuppressive effects when inoculated into young chickens, which appeared in the first 3 weeks post infection. REV integrated in the FPV field isolates and FPV S may have played a central role in the development of immunosuppression.