REV和ALV-J共感染鸡病毒血症及抗体反应的相互影响

为了研究禽网状内皮增生病痛毒（REV）、禽J亚群白血病病毒（ALV—J）共感染时对彼此病毒血症及抗体反应的影响，2日龄SPF鸡分别接种REV、ALV—J或同时2种病毒造成共感染，对各感染组7周内的病毒血症及抗体反应进行动态检测。相对于单一感染，共感染时，2种病毒的病毒血症水平动态均无明显变化。在单独感染ALV—J后5周有30％（5／16）的鸡产生抗体，而有REV共感染时，没有鸡产生针对ALV—J的抗体（o／16），表明REV感染可明显抑制鸡体对ALV—J抗体的反应，而REV与ALV—J共感染对REV抗体反应无明显影响。     

我国鸡痘病毒野毒重组株的流行初探

从山东、河南等省不同的鸡痘发病地区分离和鉴定了20株鸡痘病毒野毒株,并分别根据禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒（REV）和鸡痘病毒（FPV）的基因组设计合成了1对上游源自REV基因组和下游源自FPV基因组的引物。随机从20株FPV野毒株中挑选7株接种鸡胚成纤维细胞,提取细胞DNA作为模板,利用这对引物进行PCR反应,结果均扩增到了779bp大小的目的片段。将其中1个片段测序发现此片段为REV和FPV的整合序列,其中REV序列426个碱基,FPV序列为304个碱基。结果表明,我国FPV野毒中已整合入REV的基因序列,而且这种整合株所占比例相当高,已成为主要的流行毒株。     

鸡体内鹅源新城疫病毒抗原的免疫组织化学检测

为研究鹅新城疫（ND）的发病机理,用3株鹅新城疫病毒强毒株分别人工感染25日龄雏鸡,以单克隆抗体介导的免疫组化（IHC）法检测攻毒鸡体内NDV抗原的分布及定位,研究了鹅新城疫病毒（NDV）对鸡的组织嗜性。结果显示。在试验鸡多种组织器官中均能检测到NDV抗原,病毒抗原主要定位于淋巴细胞、网状细胞、巨噬细胞、肝细胞及各种上皮细胞的胞浆内。结果表明,鹅NDV强毒株对鸡是一种泛嗜性病毒。     

LTR对J亚群禽白血病病毒感染的影响

为探讨LTR基因在骨髓瘤病变型J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J) NX0101致病中的作用,利用反向遗传将血管瘤病变型ALV-J HN06株中两端LTR元件替换至NX0101株的相应位置,拯救出重组病毒NX-HNLTR株.人工接种7日龄SPF雏鸡,分别检测NX0101株和NX-HNLTR株对鸡体的影响.感染鸡生长都较慢.感染NX0101株的鸡,胸腺指数和腔上囊指数明显比对照组低,脾脏指数与对照组相比波动较大,骨髓和脾脏在攻毒后3周可检测到病毒整合到基因组中,胸腺和腔上囊在攻毒后6周才检测到.感染NX-HNLTR株的鸡脾脏指数明显比对照组低,攻毒后2周可检测到病毒整合到脾脏基因组中,骨髓和胸腺分别在攻毒后3周和6周检测到.结果提示,LTR对NX0101株感染鸡的免疫器官有一定的影响.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病超强毒Gx与疫苗毒Gt在鸡体内的复制研究

本试验利用鸡传染性法氏囊病超强毒Gx及其致弱疫苗毒Gt为对象,研究超强毒与弱毒株在鸡体主要免疫器官内的复制情况,以探讨两类毒株表现不同生物特性的原因。分别利用鸡胚半数致死量和鸡胚成纤维细胞半数感染量对超强毒Gx和疫苗株Gt进行病毒滴度的测定;再利用荧光定量RT-PCR对两类毒株进行病毒量的校准。以相同量的病毒对2周龄SPF鸡进行攻毒。攻毒试验表明超强毒Gx能造成47.5%的死亡,法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官均严重损伤;而疫苗毒Gt无致死,且未能造成任何病理可见的损伤。病毒的体内复制情况表明超强毒相对于疫苗毒复制更为迅速,病毒载量更高。     

不同基因型新城疫病毒强毒株对鸡的致病性

就不同基因型新城疫病毒强毒株对鸡的致病性进行了比较。用3种基因型（Ⅵg、Ⅶd亚型、Ⅸ型）新城疫病毒强毒株分别人工感染25日龄雏鸡，结果各株病毒接种鸡均100％发病、100％死亡，表现出嗜内脏型新城疫病毒感染引起的典型的新城疫症状和病理变化。免疫组化检测发现．攻毒鸡多种组织器官中能检测到病毒抗原，在能检测到病毒抗原的器官中，病毒抗原主要定位于淋巴细胞、网状细胞、巨噬细胞、肝细胞及各种上皮细胞的胞浆内；新城疫病毒对肠相关淋巴组织的亲嗜性优先于附近的上皮。本试验结果表明．基因Ⅵg、Ⅶd亚型、Ⅸ型新城疫病毒强毒株对鸡均具有高度致病性。     

母源抗体对同源及异源禽网状内皮增生病病毒感染诱发免疫抑制的预防作用

蛋用型海兰褐母鸡在用网状内皮增生病病毒（REV）细胞适应毒REV-C99（p30）免疫接种后,均在2周内产生REV特异性抗体。来自免疫种鸡的雏鸡在7日龄内100%（10/10）REV母源抗体阳性。分别在有母源抗体和没有母源抗体的1日龄鸡接种与疫苗株同源的低传代毒REV-C99（p3）或异源的REV中国野毒株HA9901（p5）,以此比较母源抗体对同源和异源REV病毒感染造成的免疫抑制的预防作用。结果表明,REV母源抗体能同等有效地预防同源和异源REV感染造成的对H5和H9禽流感灭活疫苗HI抗体反应的抑制作用。     

禽痘病毒活疫苗中网状内皮组织增生病病毒的分离鉴定及其序列比较

为了从怀疑污染禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（Reficuloendotheliosisvirus,REV）的禽痘病毒（Fcwlpoxvirus,FPV）活疫苗中分离病毒,将市场上购买的某些厂家的禽痘弱毒疫苗接种7日龄SPF雏鸡。在5d后采其抗凝血浆接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（chickenembryofibroblast,CEF）,在连续传2代后,用REV特异性单抗做间接免疫荧光试验,确认REV感染,命名为JS0809。提取感染细胞的DNA,采用PCR扩增env基因。测序分析表明,该毒株的env基因开放阅读框同大部分REV-毒株一致,为176lbp。JS0809的囊膜蛋白基因（envelopeproteingene,env）与国内已发表株的同源性高达96．0％-99．％。相对而言,它与早年分离到的毒株的同源性只有96％-97．3％,但与近几年的分离珠的同源性则均高达99．5％-99．8％。它与整合进FPV野毒株中的全基因组REV的env基因同源性很高为99．8％,而与整合进FPV疫苗株中全基因组REV的env基因同源性较低仅为97．3％。本研究证实了在我国生产的某些FPV疫苗中存在REV污染,所污染的REV的env基因更接近最近的流行野毒,这是国内第一次报道从禽痘弱毒疫苗中分离~qREV活毒。     

禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒对禽流感疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)对禽流感病毒(AIV)疫苗免疫效果的影响,本研究将1日龄SPF鸡经腹腔感染REV HLJR0901株后,分别于10日龄免疫重组AIV灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型,Re-6)、禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(r LH5-6)及10日龄和24日龄两次免疫r LH5-6疫苗,并设未感染REV的免疫对照组,于免疫后检测血清HI抗体,并采用H5N1亚型高致病性AIV攻毒。结果显示:实验鸡感染REV后HI抗体滴度均低于相应的未感染REV的免疫对照组。感染REV后,免疫一次Re-6灭活疫苗、r LH5-6活疫苗及两次r LH5-6活疫苗的实验鸡攻毒后的存活率分别为70%、60%及80%,排毒鸡数分别为4/10、4/10及3/10;未感染REV的免疫鸡均不发病、不死亡、不排毒;空白对照组实验鸡攻毒后3 d内全部死亡并且排毒。本研究表明,REV对AIV灭活疫苗和活疫苗均具有明显的免疫抑制作用,加强免疫r LH5-6疫苗可以部分减轻该抑制作用。     

禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒感染对SPF鸡免疫器官和疫苗免疫效果的影响

禽网状内皮组织增生病(RE)是禽类的一种重要免疫抑制性疾病,目前对其造成免疫抑制的机制尚不十分清楚。本研究对实验室分离的一株REV流行毒株(HLJR0901株)感染1日龄SPF鸡后对感染鸡免疫器官和免疫功能造成的影响进行研究。结果表明,1日龄SPF鸡感染REV后出现生长迟缓,法氏囊、胸腺萎缩,脾肿大的症状。感染鸡出现法氏囊滤泡淋巴细胞大量坏死减少,间质结缔组织增生;胸腺出血,胸腺小体增多;脾小结明显萎缩,淋巴细胞减少等病理变化。荧光定量PCR检测发现,病毒在感染鸡法氏囊、胸腺和脾内均有分布,且持续存在。SPF鸡感染REV后出现严重的免疫抑制,使AIV灭活疫苗和NDV弱毒疫苗的免疫效果显著下降。本研究为阐明REV的免疫抑制机制提供了重要的实验数据。     

Evaluation of immune effects of fowlpox vaccine strains and field isolates

The immune effects of fowlpox virus (FPV) field isolates and vaccine strains were evaluated in chickens infected at the age of 1 day and 6 weeks. The field isolates and the obsolete vaccine strain (FPV S) contained integrated reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) provirus, while the current vaccine strain (FPVST) carries only REV LTR sequences. An indirect antibody ELISA was used to measure the FPV-specific antibody response. The non-specific humoral response was evaluated by injection of two T-cell-dependent antigens, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). There was no significant difference in the antibody response to FPV between chickens infected with FPV various isolates and strains at either age. In contrast, antibody responses to both SRBC and BSA were significantly lower in 1-day-old chickens inoculated with field isolates and FPV S at 2-3 weeks post-inoculation. Furthermore, cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses measured by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay and in vivo using a PHA-P skin test were significantly depressed in chickens inoculated with field isolates and FPV S at the same periods. In addition, thymus and bursal weights were lower in infected chickens. These immunosuppressive effects were not observed in chickens inoculated with the current vaccine strain, FPVST, at any time. The results of this study suggest that virulent field isolates and FPV S have immunosuppressive effects when inoculated into young chickens, which appeared in the first 3 weeks post infection. REV integrated in the FPV field isolates and FPV S may have played a central role in the development of immunosuppression.     

从表现腺胃炎的病鸡中分离到1株网状内皮增生症病毒

从表现传染性腺胃炎的病鸡中分离到 １ 株病毒。该病毒呈球形,真径 ８０～１００ ｎｍ ,有囊膜。将病料接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞,分别用单克隆抗体免疫荧光试验、酶联免疫吸附试验,证明该病毒为网状内皮组织增生症病毒。用细胞培养物接种于 １ 日龄健康鸡,复制出与临床完全相同的症状。     

Antibody response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) expressing a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of NDV into chickens in the presence of antibody to NDV or FPV.

Antibody response of recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) was studied in chickens inoculated with the virus in the presence or absence of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or FPV. In the case of NDV, high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to NDV were obtained when the antibody was present. No immune response to NDV was observed in the chickens previously vaccinated with FPV.     

从J亚群禽白血病肿瘤中检测出禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒

将表现为典型 J亚群禽白血病肿瘤的病料分别接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞和 DF1细胞 ,采用间接荧光抗体试验(IFA)和 PCR方法 ,从这些肿瘤病料中分离和鉴定出 8株 J亚群禽白血病病毒 (AL V- J)。对证明感染了 AL V- J的细胞继续培养 ,并用禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒 (REV)的特异性单抗及引物做 IFA和 PCR,在 8株 AL V- J中 ,有 3株AL V- J的感染细胞中同时有 REV感染。由此表明 ,发生肿瘤的肉鸡中 ,AL V- J和 REV的共感染已相当普遍。将这 3株 REV- SD0 0 0 3、SD0 0 0 4和 SD0 10 2的 3′- L TR用 PCR扩增、克隆和序列比较 ,发现分离的 SD0 0 0 3、SD0 0 0 4和SD0 10 2与国内的另外 2株 REV- SD990 1和 HA990 1的同源性为 96 .7%和 96 .1% ;而与另 1株 REV参考株鸭脾坏死性病毒 (SNV)的同源性高达 99%。     

鸡胚中人工感染网状内皮增殖病病毒的检测

为了模仿禽网状内皮增生病毒(REV)垂直感染鸡胚,在1和3日龄的发育SPF鸡胚人工接种不同剂量的REV,并继续孵化至12日龄.在将发育鸡胚制成成纤维细胞单层后,再用抗REV单克隆抗体11B118作间接荧光抗体反应检测REV.结果表明,从所有人工感染REV的鸡胚12日龄制备的成纤维细胞中均能在培养48h检测出REV.该方法可用于检测生产弱毒疫苗的SPF鸡胚及其相应细胞有无REV的污染.     

INFECTION STUDIES ON A RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS CONTAMINANT OF A COMMERCIAL MAREK''S DISEASE VACCINE

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was isolated in cell cultures from commercial Marek's disease (herpesvirus of turkeys) vaccine and re-isolated from the organs of vaccinated chickens. Runting and feathering abnormalities were produced when 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with REV. Histopathological lesions in infected chickens were hypoplasia of the thymus, bursa and spleen, and inflammation of the proventriculus, kidneys and liver. Serological responses to REV were detected by the indirect immunoflorescence test in chickens directly inoculated with contaminated vaccine, and spread of REV infection to in-contact chickens was demonstrated by histopathological and serological investigations.     

SPF雏鸡感染REV后免疫器官免疫功能的动态变化

试验通过对 1日龄 SPF雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒 ( REV) ,观察了免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏 T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应的动态变化。结果表明 ,雏鸡感染 REV后胸腺 T淋巴细胞的增殖反应于7、2 1、4 2和 4 9日龄明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5) ,于感染后 1 4、2 8和 3 5日龄极显著减弱 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;脾脏 T淋巴细胞的增殖反应分别于感染后 1 4～ 2 8d和 3 5～ 4 9d较对照组雏鸡明显或极明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。法氏囊和脾脏 B淋巴细胞增殖反应分别在感染后 7～ 4 9d和 1 4～ 4 9d极显著减弱 ( P<0 .0 1 )。免疫器官胸腺重量和脾脏重量与体重比值及体重分别于感染后 7～ 4 9、7～ 3 5、7～ 4 9d明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5,P<0 .0 1 )。说明SPF雏鸡感染 REV后 ,免疫器官 (胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏 )淋巴细胞发生变性坏死、数量减少和功能降低 ,机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均发生明显降低或抑制     

Clinical effects, virological and serological responses in chickens following in-ovo inoculation of reticuloendotheliosis virus

Six-day-old embryonated specific pathogen free chicken eggs were inoculated with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) into the yolk sac and were incubated until they hatched. The hatchability of eggs inoculated with REV was significantly less (P less than 0.025) than that of media-inoculated controls. Although there were no significant differences in the body weights of these chickens at hatching, there were differences (P less than 0.001) at 6, 25 and 51 days of age between the infected and control chickens. Six of 10 chickens hatched from eggs inoculated with REV had feathering defects at 6 days of age. All chickens hatched from infected eggs had cell-free viraemia and antigenaemia, but not precipitating antibodies. Some of these chickens had very low neutralising antibody titres (less than 45) when examined at 25 and 37 days of age, as did all 10 chickens at 51 days of age. A low rate of horizontal transmission was indicated by the detection of antibodies at 37 and 51 days of age in chickens running in contact with the chickens hatched from eggs inoculated with REV.     

SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后肿瘤坏死因子的动态变化

采用微量细胞病变法和四甲基偶氮唑盐（ＭＴＴ）法研究了１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡感染网状内皮细胞增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）后,免疫器官脾脏肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）诱生活性动态变化。结果表明,雏鸡感染ＲＥＶ后脾脏细胞ＴＮＦ诱生活性极显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＴＮＦ诱生活性明显增高与ＲＥＶ在机体各器官内长期大量繁殖紧密相关,并引起各免疫器官严重的变质性变化,以及由于ＴＮＦ高含量的免疫损伤作用而降低机体各免疫器官的机能。