青龙斑和虎龙斑

青龙斑和虎龙斑是应用鱼类远缘杂交技术,在众多的石斑鱼杂交组合中筛选出的两个具有明显杂种优势的石斑鱼养殖品种。青龙斑是以斜带石斑（俗称青斑）为母本,鞍带石斑鱼（俗称龙趸）为父本杂交产生的子代;虎龙斑是以棕点石斑鱼（俗称老虎斑）为母本,鞍带石斑鱼（俗称龙趸）为父本杂交产生的子代。根据母本与父本名称,生产单位分别将它们称为青龙斑、虎龙斑。     

棕点石斑鱼(♀)与蓝身大斑石斑鱼(♂)及其杂交子代遗传多样性分析

本研究利用20对石斑鱼微卫星引物对金虎斑[棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) (♀)´蓝身大斑石斑鱼(E. tukula) (♂)]及其父母本进行微卫星分析,从分子水平对金虎斑及其双亲的遗传多样性进行研究。结果显示,20个微卫星位点共检测到215个等位基因,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.638 6;棕点石斑鱼平均有效等位基因数(Ne)最多(4.367 9),金虎斑次之(3.370 6),蓝身大斑石斑鱼最少(2.412 8);蓝身大斑石斑鱼、棕点石斑鱼和金虎斑3个群体平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.385 5、0.474 9和0.473 6,PIC分别为0.491 9、0.645 3和0.555 1;3种石斑鱼群体群内近交系数(Fis)、总群体近交系数(Fit)、遗传分化系数(Fst)和基因流(Nm)平均值分别为0.228 0、0.344 1、0.150 4和1.411 9,群体间分化较大;采用UPGMA法构建的聚类分析图显示,金虎斑与棕点石斑鱼先聚为一类,二者亲缘关系更近。研究表明,金虎斑存在较丰富的遗传多样性表现,在遗传学方面可进行杂交石斑鱼进一步选育及杂种优势研究。     

虎龙杂交斑良种培育及养殖技术(上)

<正>虎龙杂交斑是采用传统选育方式获得、具备多种优良性状的石斑鱼杂交子一代,其母本为棕点石斑鱼,父本为鞍带石斑鱼,父母本均为经2代群体选育后的石斑鱼良种。该杂交品种生长速度快,14月龄平均体重增长较棕点石斑鱼快114.52%,较鞍带石斑鱼慢22.05%,养殖时间可缩短50%以上,养殖风险显著降低;育苗成活率显著提高,虎龙杂交斑的育苗成活率最高可达19.75%,显著高于鞍带石斑鱼平均育苗成活率(1.5%),     

两种杂交石斑鱼及其亲本的形态差异分析

为研究两种杂交石斑鱼及其亲本的形态差异,实验采用传统形态学测定与现代框架测定结合的方法,测定了青龙斑(斜带石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)和虎龙斑(棕点石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)及其亲本的可数性状和可量性状,并进行相关统计分析。结果显示,在外观方面,青龙斑与亲本相比,其斜带边缘清晰连贯,而虎龙斑体侧分布有不同于亲本的大型环状斑;在外部形态框架方面,青龙斑背鳍前端及躯干形态都偏向于母本,呈现出背腹部压缩的细长型,而虎龙斑背鳍前端的框架形态偏向于母本、躯干的框架形态却偏向于父本,呈现出两种框架形态组合的特点。综合传统可量数据和框架数据聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析的结果表明:两种杂交石斑鱼在外部形态方面更偏向于母本。     

虎龙杂交斑

正一、品种名称虎龙杂交斑二、品种来源以来自台湾的棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)经2代群体选育后为母本,以来自台湾的鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)经2代群体选育后为父本,通过杂交而得到的具有多种优良性状的子一代。三、审定情况2017年通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定。审定编号为GS-02-004-2016。     

鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体遗传多样性分析

鞍带石斑鱼作为最大型的石斑鱼,生长速度快,有明显的生长优势,在石斑鱼的产业发展中起到举足轻重的作用。为了解人工养殖和选育活动对鞍带石斑鱼遗传多样性的影响,本文采用微卫星分子标记技术,对广东、海南和福建三个省份共五个代表性采集点的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体的遗传变异信息进行了研究。群体内遗传多样性分析显示,5个群体等位基因(Na)的平均数目为7.326(6.375-8.380),观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.711(0.625-0.775),期望杂合度(He)平均值为0.705(0.684-0.734),多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.659(0.633-0.693)。其中,来自福建厦门翔安区的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体遗传多样性最高。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,5.36%的遗传变异来自群体间,95.45%来自所有个体间。群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)及遗传距离结果显示,GC和CP群体聚为一支,再与AT群体聚为一支,再与XA群体距为一支,HL群体为独立一支。通过系统进化树分析显示,鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体交叉在一起,没有形成明显的地理格局分布。总而言之,这三省五地的鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体遗传多样性较高,没有明显的驯化迹象。整体研究表明,鞍带石斑鱼繁育群体仍具有较高的遗传多样性,品种受亲本近交影响而出现衰退的可能性不高,人工繁育技术的不完善及养殖管理不规范可能是导致品种病害频发及养殖成活率低的原因。本研究为鞍带石斑鱼种质评价和人工选育提供理论依据。     

虎龙杂交斑

<正>虎龙杂交斑(品种登记号:GS-02-004-2016),是由广东省海洋渔业试验中心、中山大学、海南大学、海南晨海水产有限公司研发的杂交新品种。以分别经2代群体选育的棕点石斑鱼为母本、鞍带石斑鱼为父本,通过远缘杂交获得的F1代,即为虎龙杂交斑。从2008年开始,共开展三代杂交石斑鱼繁育试验,至2014年     

虎龙杂交斑养殖群体遗传多样性与遗传结构的微卫星分析

遗传多样性下降被认为是水产生物经济性状降低的常见原因.虎龙杂交斑作为养殖规模最大的石斑鱼品种,近年来病害增多.为了探究是否是由于群体遗传多样性的改变而影响虎龙杂交斑的养殖性状,本研究选用27个EST-SSRs标记,对苗种主产区6个虎龙杂交斑群体进行了遗传多样性和群体遗传结构分析.结果 显示,6个群体其平均等位基因数(N...     

5种石斑鱼遗传差异的RAPD分析

运用随机扩增多态性DNA（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD）技术对鞍带石斑鱼（Epinephelus lanceolatus）、驼背鲈（Cromileptes altivelis）、棕点石斑鱼（E.fuscoguttatus）、斜带石斑鱼（E.coioides）和鲑点石斑鱼（E.fario）的遗传多样性及系统发生进行了研究。从120个RAPD随机引物中筛选出扩增效果好的引物19个,分别用于5种石斑鱼基因组DNA的扩增。结果显示,5种石斑鱼平均多态性位点比率（P）分别为64.23%,72.61%,60.34%,69.97%,73.94%;个体间平均遗传相似系数（S）分别为0.8238,0.8110,0.8345,0.8277,0.8064;平均遗传距离（D）分别为0.1762,0.1890,0.1655,0.1723,0.1936;平均Nei基因多样性指数（H）分别为0.1189,0.1364,0.1028,0.1439,0.1648;平均Shannon信息指数（Hi）分别为0.1801,0.1992,0.1530,0.2100,0.2434。5个种间的遗传距离（Dxy）在0.3964～0.6085之间。     

张海发：向三倍体石斑鱼科研进军

八年培育出杂交青龙斑 《海洋与渔业》：据我了解，青龙斑和虎龙斑是应用鱼类远缘杂交技术，在众多的石斑鱼杂交组合中筛选出的两个具有明显杂种优势的石癍鱼养殖品种、虎龙斑在国际上最早是马来西亚培育出来的，而青龙斑则是大亚湾中心首先培育出来的杂交育种的一个难点就是亲本的选择，请问青龙斑和虎龙斑的亲衣是如何选定的？     

Quantitative trait locus mapping of growth‐related traits in inter‐specific F1 hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) in a tropical climate

Growth‐related traits are the main target of genetic breeding programmes in grouper aquaculture. We constructed genetic linkage maps for tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) using 399 simple sequence repeat markers and performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify the genomic regions responsible for growth‐related traits in F₁ hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus). The tiger grouper (female) linkage map contained 330 markers assigned to 24 linkage groups (LGs) and spanned 1,202.0 cM. The giant grouper (male) linkage map contained 231 markers distributed in 24 LGs and spanned 953.7 cM. Six QTLs affecting growth‐related traits with 5% genome‐wide significance were detected on different LGs. Four QTLs were identified for total length and body weight on Efu_LG8, 10, 13 and 19 on the tiger grouper map, which explained 6.6%–12.0% of the phenotypic variance. An epistatic QTL with a reciprocal association was observed between Efu_LG8 and 10. Two QTLs were identified for body weight on Ela_LG3 and 10 on the giant grouper map, which explained 6.9% of the phenotypic variance. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated that the QTL on Efu_LG13 interacts with the QTLs on Ela_LG3 and 10 with large effects on body weight. Furthermore, these six QTLs showed different features among the winter, summer and rainy seasons, suggesting that environmental factors and fish age affected these QTLs. These findings will be useful to understand the genetic structure of growth and conduct genetic breeding in grouper species.     

Growth performance and disease resistance against Vibrio vulnificus infection of novel hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)

Groupers are economically important for aquaculture in Thailand. A novel hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) has been successful cross‐bred; therefore, the present work aimed to assess the hybrid's traits. The growth performance, strength and tolerance to a pathogenic bacterial infection of this hybrid were compared with its parent species, tiger grouper and giant grouper. The results of all measured growth parameters indicated that the hybrid strain grew fastest followed by giant and tiger grouper respectively. The expressions of the growth‐related genes, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) I and II, were also analysed in fish muscle and liver which are the main target organs in fish growth regulation. Among tested species, similar expression patterns of IGF‐I and IGF‐II were detected in both organs. The levels of these genes in liver and muscle of hybrid and giant grouper were higher than those of tiger grouper comparable with the growth manner. After challenge with Vibrio vulnificus, the immunological parameters, clearance time of Vibrio in haemolymph and survival was measured to verify the fish immunity. Leucocyte number, lysozyme activity and the ability to eliminate the pathogen were very high in hybrid and giant grouper while these parameters were lower in tiger grouper. Correspondingly, the mortality rate of tiger grouper was higher than others and % survival at the end of observation time (15 days post challenge) was lowest in infected tiger grouper. Altogether, the results suggested that the hybrid grouper has desirable traits that will improve cultured grouper.     

鞍带石斑鱼仔稚（幼）鱼的发育和生长研究

对鞍带石斑鱼的仔稚幼鱼形态发育的各个阶段进行了观察与研究,详细描述从初孵仔鱼到幼鱼各个发育时期的形态特征和发育时间。根据卵黄囊的变化,长鳍棘的长出与收缩,鳞片和体色斑纹的出现,鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育可以划分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期。仔鱼期又可分为卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼。水温27～30℃,盐度27～31,pH值8.0～8.4的海水中培育,初孵仔鱼至孵化后2日龄为卵黄囊期仔鱼。2日龄仔鱼开口,3日龄至20日龄为后期仔鱼,22日龄至30日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄进入幼鱼期。鞍带石斑鱼胚后发育过程中最明显的变化是背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长和收缩,也是生产育苗当中比较关键的仔稚幼鱼变态过程。     

Evaluation of genetic diversity of eight grouper species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus</Emphasis> spp. based on microsatellite variations

ABSTRACT:   Genetic diversity among eight species of grouper, Epinephelus bleekeri , E. coioides , E. malabaricus , E. ongus , E. akaara , E. maculatus , E. merra and E. fuscoguttatus , was studied using six microsatellite loci, Em-01 *, Em-03 *, Em-07 *, Em-08 *, Em-10 *, and CA-07 *, with the aim of exploring the feasibility of using microsatellite data for species identification. The results showed high levels of genetic differentiation among species ( F _ST  = 0.4403 and R _ST  = 0.4954). Species identification based on fixed allelic differences was possible between E. coioides , E. ongus , and E. fuscoguttatus at Em-01 * and between E. fuscoguttatus and E. ongus at Em-08 *. Private alleles were found in all species, except for E. ongus . Pairwise F _ST ranged 0.238–0.578 ( P  < 0.008 Bonferroni correction), and Nei's genetic distance ranged 0.433–2.710. Size homoplasy was observed at Em-03 * 157 allele, which was characterized by a T–C transition at the 119th nucleotide site of PCR products. The genetic assignment test unambiguously assigned each individual to the correct species. Thus, this test can be used for species identification of unknown individuals when the multilocus genotypes of the six microsatellite loci are available. The phylogenetic (neighbor-joining) tree, which was constructed based on the genetic distance matrix, separated the eight grouper species into two main groups.     

Temporal genetic heterogeneity of juvenile orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, Pisces: Serranidae)

Juveniles of orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ), a tropical serranid species, are heavily harvested for aquaculture seeds from nursing grounds in several Southeast Asian countries. Because juveniles of similar sizes are present in a nursery area throughout the year, we aimed to determine whether more than one genetically distinct population contributes to juvenile aggregations. We examined the temporal genetic heterogeneity of juvenile aggregations collected at four different times of the year at a nursery area in coastal waters of the Andaman Sea in Trang province, Thailand. Also, we examined the differences between these temporal samples and an outgroup collected from the Gulf of Thailand (Chantaburi). The genetic variation at six polymorphic microsatellite loci within each sample was moderate, with observed heterozygosities across all loci ranging from 0.551 to 0.629 and number of alleles per locus ranging from 7.0 to 8.33. Results indicated substantial genetic differences between the two geographically distant samples, Trang and Chantaburi (F_st=0.040–0.050, P <0.005), and between the July sample and the remaining samples from Trang (F_st=0.096–0.106, P <0.005). The observed temporal genetic heterogeneity of E. coioides juveniles may reflect high variability in the reproductive success of each spawning event and the existence of spatially isolated groups of spawners.     

青石斑鱼微卫星标记的筛选及群体多态性分析

微卫星DNA,又称短串联重复序列(STR)或简单序列重复(SSR),是广泛存在于真核生物基因组中的简单重复DNA片段,一般每个重复单位仅1～6个碱基,重复数为10～20次,其中动物体中以双核苷酸(CA/GT)n最为常见。根据微卫星DNA核心序列两端的保守序列设计引物     

云纹石斑鱼♀与赤点石斑鱼♂杂交的初步研究

为石斑鱼种间杂交经济型利用提供基础资料,以云纹石斑鱼为母本,赤点石斑鱼为父本进行种间远源杂交,对杂交子一代的生长及越冬作了系统观察.结果表明,用人工授精的方法可以取得杂交受精卵,受精卵的受精率、孵化率均在90％左右,杂交子一代比对照组仔鱼畸形率高;杂交子一代的生长趋势接近母本云纹石斑鱼,体色接近父本赤点石斑鱼,在室内可以正常越冬.云纹石斑鱼♀与赤点石斑鱼♂进行经济型杂交是可行的.