黄芪多糖对体外培养大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响

研究黄芪多糖对体外培养的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（rat intestinal mucosa microvascular endothelial cells,RIMMVECs）增殖的影响。应用不同浓度的黄芪多糖作用于体外培养的RIMMVECs。通过MTT法检测黄芪多糖对RIMMVECs增殖的影响。不同浓度的黄芪多糖对细胞增殖的影响不同:黄芪多糖浓度在25～800 mg/L时可明显促进细胞的增殖（P<0.05或0.01）;浓度为1.6×10³ mg/L时对细胞的增殖无影响;浓度在3.2×10³～25.6×10³ mg/L时对细胞生长具有抑制作用（P<0.05或0.01）。黄芪多糖有促进体外培养RIMMVECs的增殖作用,此作用对保护内皮损伤、加速内皮修复有重要作用。     

染料木黄酮对3T3-L1细胞增殖与分化的影响

试验旨在研究染料木黄酮对3T3-L1细胞增殖与分化的影响以及对分化过程中相关基因表达的影响。以浓度为0、10、50、100、200μmol/L的染料木黄酮处理细胞,测定不同天数3T3-L1细胞相对增殖量、细胞合成脂肪量以及第8天与脂肪合成有关的基因PPARγ、FASN、LPL、ACC、HSL的相对表达量。结果表明：在增殖方面,染料木黄酮能显著抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的增殖（P〈0.05）。随着染料木黄酮浓度的增加,细胞增殖的抑制作用越强。当浓度为200μmol/L时,细胞停止增殖。在分化方面,染料木黄酮能显著减少3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化合成脂肪的量（P〈0.05）。随着染料木黄酮浓度的增加,细胞分化合成脂肪量减少。染料木黄酮能显著减少3T3-L1细胞与脂肪合成有关的基因PPARγ、FASN、LPL、ACC、HSL的相对表达量（P〈0.05）。在浓度为50μmol/L时,PPARγ基因相对表达量最低;在浓度为200μmol/L时,FASN基因相对表达量最低;在浓度为10μmol/L时,LPL基因相对表达量最低;在浓度为200μmol/L时,ACC基因相对表达量最低;在浓度为10μmol/L时,HSL基因相对表达量最低。分析推测,染料木黄酮通过抑制与脂肪合成相关基因的表达来减少脂肪合成量。     

丁酸钠通过G蛋白偶联受体41介导蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路刺激牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖

本试验旨在研究丁酸钠（SB）刺激牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）增殖的分子机制。采用单因素设计,以含不同浓度（0、15、30、45、60和75μmol/L） SB的DMEM/F12培养基（含10%新生胎牛血清）培养BMECs,通过细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）检测细胞活性,确定适宜SB浓度。然后以对照（0μmol/L）和适宜SB浓度培养BMECs,并采用蛋白激酶B (Akt)阻断剂（AKT-IN-1）、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）阻断剂雷帕霉素（Rap）或小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默G蛋白偶联受体41(GPR41)对信号通路及受体进行处理,检测BMECs细胞增殖、凋亡以及GPR41和Akt/mTOR信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达的变化。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,60μmol/L的SB显著提高了BMECs细胞活力（P <0.05）,75μmol/L的SB显著抑制了BMECs细胞活力（P<0.05）;60μmol/L的SB极显著增加了增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、细胞周期蛋白A2(CCNA2)和细胞周期蛋白D1(CCND1)的mRNA相对表达量（P<0.01）,显著增加了P...     

1α，25-（OH）2D3影响体外培养OB增殖分化的钙离子通道机制

为研究1α,25-（OH）2D3影响体外培养成骨细胞（Osteoblasts,OB）增殖分化是否存在L-型钙离子通道机制。在体外培养SD大鼠0B基础上,添加不同浓度的1α,,25-（OH）2D。（0、10^-9、10、10^-7mol／I。）或和10mol／OB硝苯地平（NIF）作用24、48、72h。采用MTT法测定0B增殖率,PNPP法测定碱性磷酸酶（AI。P）活性。结果显示,1α,25-（OH）2D。卉13量依赖性地抑制oB增殖、促进ALP活性;10^-8mol／LNIF单独作用亦能抑制OB增殖、促进ALP活性;并且在培养早期（24、48h）能消除10mol／L 1α,25-（OH）2D3对OB增殖的抑制效应及对ALP活性的促进效应。结果表明,1α,,25-（0H）2D3能够抑制0B增殖、促进其分化;并且此过程涉及L-型钙离子通道机制。     

抑制UCHL1对猪卵母细胞体外成熟、透明带泛素化及多精入卵的影响

试验旨在研究抑制泛素羧基末端水解酶-1（UCHL1）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟、透明带泛素化及多精入卵的影响。利用DAPI染色、Hoechst染色及SDS-PAGE等方法检测猪卵母细胞体外成熟率、透明带泛素化水平及多精入卵等情况。结果表明,添加不同浓度UCHL1抑制剂（10、20、25、30 μmol/L,二甲基亚砜（DMSO）及对照组）体外培养猪卵母细胞46 h后,对照组成熟率为86.22%,而30 μmol/L UCHL1抑制剂组的成熟率为15.30%,且各处理组间成熟率差异显著（P<0.05）;经Western blotting检测,各处理组的透明带在约61、80、106 ku处均发生不同程度的泛素标记,通过灰度值分析差异显著（P<0.05）;进行体外受精试验后,发现对照组透明带精子黏附数最多,精子入卵数较少,添加30 μmol/L UCHL1抑制剂组的透明带精子黏附数最少,几乎没有精子入卵。结果显示,UCHL1抑制剂对猪卵母细胞的体外成熟有一定影响,随着UCHL1抑制剂浓度的增加,透明带发生泛素化的程度逐渐降低,且UCHL1可调节透明带精子黏附及多精入卵。     

1α，25-（OH）2D3影响体外培养OB增殖分化的钙离子通道机制

为研究1α,25-（OH）2D3影响体外培养成骨细胞（Osteoblasts,OB）增殖分化是否存在L-型钙离子通道机制。在体外培养SD大鼠0B基础上,添加不同浓度的1α,,25-（OH）2D。（0、10^-9、10、10^-7mol／I。）或和10mol／OB硝苯地平（NIF）作用24、48、72h。采用MTT法测定0B增殖率,PNPP法测定碱性磷酸酶（AI。P）活性。结果显示,1α,25-（OH）2D。卉13量依赖性地抑制oB增殖、促进ALP活性;10^-8mol／LNIF单独作用亦能抑制OB增殖、促进ALP活性;并且在培养早期（24、48h）能消除10mol／L 1α,25-（OH）2D3对OB增殖的抑制效应及对ALP活性的促进效应。结果表明,1α,,25-（0H）2D3能够抑制0B增殖、促进其分化;并且此过程涉及L-型钙离子通道机制。     

1α，25-二羟维生素D3对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及周期的影响

在SD大鼠成骨细胞（Osteoblast,OB）体外培养体系中添加不同浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3（0、10^-9、10^-8、10^-7mol／L）,作用24、48、72h,测定OB增殖率、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,作用48h流式细胞仪测定0B周期。结果显示,10^-9mol／L 1α,25-二羟维生素D3作用24、48、72h均促进oB增殖（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,抑制ALP活性（P〈0.01）;10^-8、10^-7mol／L作用24、48h,OB增殖率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但24h时ALP活性均明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,48h则抑制了ALP活性并使OB滞留在G2／M期（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;72h时10^-7mol／L组OB增殖率极显著低于其余各组（P〈0.01）,并使ALP活性升高（P〈0.01）。表明低浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3能促进OB增殖,抑制其分化;高浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3能抑制OB增殖,促进其分化,并使细胞滞留在G2／M期。     

棕榈酸对绵羊前体脂肪细胞增殖的影响

目的:为了探究不同浓度棕榈酸对体外培养绵羊前体脂肪细胞增殖的影响。方法:体外复苏培养小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞,在培养液中分别添加浓度为100、150、200、250、300和350 μmol/L的棕榈酸(Palmitic Acid,PA),培养1、3、5、7和9 d后,用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果:复苏的前体脂肪细胞活率为93%,细胞形态呈长梭型,72 h后细胞汇合成单层致密;PA作用于前体脂肪细胞1 d后,浓度为150 μmol/L促进细胞增殖,且与对照组相比差异极显著。作用时间延长3～9 d后,浓度为100 μmol/L和150 μmol/L均促进细胞增殖,浓度在200～350 μmol/L抑制细胞增殖,且各组之间差异极显著。结论:不同浓度PA作用绵羊前体脂肪细胞不同时间后,对细胞增殖效果不一样,作用1 d后,浓度为150 μmol/L促进细胞增殖,而作用时间延长至3～9 d后,浓度为100 μmol/L和150 μmol/L均促进细胞增殖,200～350 μmol/L抑制细胞增殖。     

1α,25-二羟维生素D_3对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及周期的影响

在SD大鼠成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)体外培养体系中添加不同浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3(0、10~(-9)、10~(-8)、10~(-7) mol/L),作用24、48、72 h,测定OB增殖率、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,作用48 h流式细胞仪测定OB周期.结果显示,10~(-9)mol/L 1α,25-二羟维生素D_3作用24、48、72 h均促进OB增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01),抑制ALP活性(P<0.01);10~(-8)、10~(-7)mol/L作用24、48 h,OB增殖率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但24 h时ALP活性均明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),48 h则抑制了ALP活性并使OB滞留在G_2/M期(P<0.05或P<0.01);72 h时10~(-7) mol/L组OB增殖率极显著低于其余各组(P<0.01),并使ALP活性升高(P<0.01).表明低浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3能促进OB增殖,抑制其分化;高浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D_3能抑制OB增殖,促进其分化,并使细胞滞留在G_2/M期.     

PPARγ对猪血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及小管形成的影响

试验旨在研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ,PPARγ）对猪血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及小管形成的影响,并探讨PPARγ在猪体外血管生成中的作用。设置PPARγ激动剂组（5、10、15、20 μmol/L罗格列酮）、抑制剂组（5、10、15、20 μmol/L T0070907）及对照组,通过iCelligence细胞功能分析、划痕试验和Matrigel基质胶三维培养,构建猪体外血管生成的模型,模拟猪体内血管生成的环境,分别对猪血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、小管形成能力进行测定,同时根据NCBI已有的相关序列,应用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计PPARγ基因特异性引物,利用SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测PPARγ基因mRNA相对表达量,对PPARγ的体外作用效果进行验证。结果显示,5、10 μmol/L罗格列酮能促进猪血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及小管形成,T0070907的抑制效果在试验浓度区间内（5~15 μmol/L）随浓度升高而加强,较高浓度（20 μmol/L）的两种药物均由于药物毒性的影响对细胞活动产生干扰。此外,5~20 μmol/L罗格列酮和5~20 μmol/L T0070907能分别提高和降低PPARγ基因mRNA相对表达量,且浓度趋势与增殖、迁移、小管形成的试验结果一致。综上所述,通过激活PPARγ可以对猪血管内皮细胞的增殖、迁移及小管形成产生促进效果,提示其在猪体外血管生成中具有积极作用,可为研究PPARγ对猪胎盘血管发生的影响提供参考依据。     

硫酸软骨素对大鼠心肌膜微血管内皮细胞分泌IFN-γ的影响

研究硫酸软骨素(chondroitin sulfate,CS)对微血管内皮细胞(MVECs)分泌IFN-γ的影响,为进一步研究CS的免疫增强机制提供资料。体外培养大鼠心肌膜微血管内皮细胞(RMMVECs),CS分为10、50、500 μg/mL 3个浓度组刺激RMMVECs,ELISA法检测药物处理后细胞上清液中IFN-γ的含量。结果显示,RMMVECs正常情况下能够分泌一定量的IFN-γ,经CS处理后IFN-γ的分泌量显著升高,且3个剂量组在刺激后24 h分泌量均达到峰值。结果表明,CS诱导大鼠心肌膜微血管内皮细胞分泌IFN-γ可能是其免疫增强作用机制之一。     

Endothelin Concentration in Plasma of Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Congestive Heart Failure, Renal Failure, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hyperadrenocorticism

Plasma concentrations of endothelin (ET)-1 and -3 were determined simultaneously in dogs with various pathophysiological conditions, because these peptides may display different pharmacological profiles. The study pays special attention to the characterization of plasma ET immunoreactivity (ET-IR), using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with off-line detection by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In most sick dogs evaluated total plasma ET-1-IR concentration did not differ from that of healthy dogs. However, HPLC analysis of their total plasma ET-1 -IR revealed distinct ET-IR profiles. Big-ET-1, which is barely detectable in control dogs, does represent the predominant ET in sick dogs. Regardless of the pathophysiological conditions, considerable amounts of high-molecular weight ET-1-IR, most likely aggregated ET-material, was found consistently. With respect to ET-3, we constantly observed moderately increased concentrations, though no major difference of molecular pattern was evident between healthy and sick dogs. The data show a distinct regulation of ET-1 and ET-3 in dogs. Furthermore, specific molecular forms of ET-IR were found to occur in various diseases. The endothelins may therefore prove to be of diagnostic importance in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases.     

口蹄疫146S病毒粒子抗原对微血管内皮细胞分泌IL-1的影响

白介素1（IL-1）是免疫与炎症反应启动的重要调节因子。为了研究微血管内皮细胞（microvascular endothelial cells,MVECs）在口蹄疫病毒（foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV）免疫反应中的作用,本试验采用ELISA方法检测了FMDV 146S抗原对体外培养大鼠心肌膜MVECs分泌IL-1α和IL-1β的影响。研究结果发现,正常情况下大鼠心肌膜MVECs能够低水平的分泌IL-1α和IL-1β,FMDV 146S刺激后其分泌量显著增加。结果表明,MVECs通过上调IL-1分泌,在FMDV抗原的免疫反应中发挥重要的调控作用。     

内皮素对哈萨克公羊生理生化指标的影响

为探究内皮素(ET)对羊生理生化指标的影响,选取5只新疆哈萨克公羊,采用不完全拉丁方试验设计,每只羊一次性静脉注射0.7nmol/kg ET-1或ET-3,对照组注射1g/L BSA生理盐水。结果显示,注射ET-1或ET-3后同对照组比,心率降低21%~36%(P0.01),红细胞总数增加10%~14%(P0.01),血红蛋白含量增加14%~17%(P0.05),红细胞比容增加14%~16%(P0.05);血糖含量增高27%~53%(P0.05),而且从这些指标改变的幅度和持续时间看,ET-1比ET-3作用强。在整个试验过程中未观察到羊呼吸频率、白细胞总数及分类计数和血浆蛋白浓度的影响(P0.05)。研究结果提示,ET可调控反刍动物心血管活动、红细胞比容,并参与血糖稳态调节,而且这些作用可能主要是通过内皮素A受体(ET-A)介导的。     

LLO对大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分泌NO和ET-1的影响

为探讨李斯特菌溶血素(LLO)导致大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIMVECs)损伤的作用机制,将体外培养的RIMVECs分为对照组和LLO组,观察细胞形态变化,测定细胞生长情况,并检测细胞培养上清液中NO、ET-1浓度变化。结果表明:LLO组RIMVECs的细胞间隙变大,有大量细胞碎片漂浮;当LLO浓度达到50ng/m L以上时,测得细胞增殖(OD值)均呈极显著下降(P0.01);12 h内,NO、ET-1分泌量高于正常水平。试验表明,LLO引起RIMVECs细胞因子NO、ET-1分泌量升高,导致细胞微环境紊乱,是LLO导致肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞损伤的机制之一。     

Measurements of plasma endothelin immunoreactivity in healthy cats and cats with cardiomyopathy

Plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1), the most potent endogenous pressor substance discovered to date, are abnormally high in humans with congestive heart failure (CHF), and they correlate with the degree of functional impairment. We sought first to validate a human sandwich ELISA kit that targets that portion of the amino acid sequence that is identical in cats. The assay demonstrated linearity (R2 = .9968) and parallelism (P = .5339), recovery of spiked human ET-1 in cat plasma averaged 98.7%, and intraassay precision had a coefficient of variation <10%. We subsequently determined ET-1 immunoreactivity in healthy cats and in cats with myocardial disease with and without CHF, systemic thromboembolism (STE), or both. Plasma ET-1 immunoreactivity was measured in 12 healthy cats and in 28 cats with primary myocardial disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), or restrictive or unclassified cardiomyopathy (RCM and UCM), respectively. Plasma ET mean (95% CI) concentrations were 0.777 (0.6536-0.924) fmol/mL in the control cats, 1.427 (0.922-2.209) fmol/mL in 12 cats with cardiomyopathy (HCM = 11, RCM/UCM = 1) but without CHF or evidence of STE, and 2.360 (1.666-3.343) fmol/mL in 16 cats with cardiomyopathy (HCM = 8, RCM/UCM = 7, DCM = 1) and CHF (n = 15) or STE (n = 4). Plasma immunoreactivity of ET-1 was significantly higher in cats with myocardial disease without CHF/STE versus normal cats (P < .05) and in cats with myocardial disease with CHF/STE versus normal cats (P < .001).     

硫酸软骨素对LLO诱导大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分泌NO、ET-1的影响

为研究李斯特菌溶血素(LLO)对大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞(RIMVECs)分泌NO、内皮素(ET-1)的影响,以及硫酸软骨素(CS)通过调节细胞微环境保护RIMVECs的作用,将体外培养的RIMVECs分为LLO+CS组、LLO组、CS组、空白组,经过MTT比色法测定细胞生长情况,硝酸还原酶法测定细胞上清液细胞因子NO含量以及酶联免疫法检测ET-1含量,并用原位杂交方法对结果进行验证。结果表明:LLO可抑制RIMVECs增殖活性,提高NO、ET-1分泌量且高于正常水平,并导致NO/ET-1比值失衡(下降);而CS可提高RIMVECs细胞的增殖活性,并显著上调NO/ET-1比值。由此可知,CS可通过改善LLO引起细胞因子NO和ET-1失衡而起到保护微血管内皮细胞的作用。     

Plasma and synovial fluid endothelin-1 and nitric oxide concentrations in horses with and without joint disease

OBJECTIVE: To compare plasma and synovial fluid endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in clinically normal horses and horses with joint disease. ANIMALS: 36 horses with joint disease, and 15 horses without joint disease. PROCEDURE: Horses with joint disease were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups (ie, synovitis, degenerative joint disease [DJD], or joint sepsis groups) on the basis of findings on clinical and radiographic examination and synovial fluid analysis. Endothelin-1 and NO concentrations were measured in plasma from blood samples, collected from the jugular vein and ipsilateral cephalic or saphenous vein of the limb with an affected or unaffected joint, as well as in synovial fluid samples obtained via arthrocentesis from the involved joint. RESULTS: Plasma ET-1 concentrations between affected and unaffected groups were not significantly different. Median concentration and concentration range of ET-1 in synovial fluid obtained from the joint sepsis group (35.830 pg/mL, 7926 to 86.614 pg/mL; n = 7) were significantly greater than values from the synovitis (17.531 pg/mL, 0.01 to 46.908 pg/mL; 18), DJD (22.858 pg/mL, 0.01 to 49.990 pg/mL; 10), and unaffected (10.547 pg/mL, 0.01 to 35.927 pg/mL; 10) groups. Plasma and synovial fluid NO concentrations between affected and unaffected groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endothelin-1 is locally synthesized in the joints of horses with various types of joint disease. Synovial fluid concentrations of ET-1 varied among horses with joint disease, with concentrations significantly higher in the synovial fluid of horses with joint sepsis. These results indicate that ET-1 may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanism of joint disease in horses.     

Analytical validation of commercial immunoassays for the measurement of cardiovascular peptides in the dog

Immunoassays for the measurement of concentrations of the cardiovascular peptides pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNPPen and BNPPhoe), endothelin-1 (ET-1Bio, ET-1IBL and ET-1Phoe) and big endothelin-1 (Big-ETBio and Big-ETIBL) were validated in canine serum by determination of intra-assay variability and dilutional parallelism. Commercial kits that showed good results were further validated by determination of intra- and inter-assay variability, dilutional parallelism and spiking recovery. Assays for proANP, BNPPhoe, ET-1IBL and Big-ETIBL showed acceptable results in the preliminary validation and were fully validated. The intra- and inter-assay variability was acceptable for all four assays, linearity was demonstrated and recovery rates were acceptable. The performances of the different immunoassays varied considerably, underscoring the importance of validation. Of the assays studied, proANP, BNP(Phoe), ET-1IBL and Big-ETIBL produced precise, reproducible and accurate results and can be recommended for clinical application.