肉种鸡产蛋中期能量限饲对子代肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及肌节长度的影响

试验对产蛋中期AA肉种鸡进行能量限饲,探讨其对子代生长性能、血液生化指标及肌节长度的影响。选用产蛋中期肉种母鸡288羽,分为4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组日粮能量水平分别为基础饲粮能量的80%、70%、50%,对照组和实验组均限饲且饲喂量相同,于产蛋中期(40~42周龄)进行人工授精、孵化得到子代。每组选用90只肉仔鸡公雏,每组设6个重复,每个重复15只,自由采食同种日粮,试验期为49 d。结果表明,①生产性能:与对照组相比,50%、70%能量组仔鸡初生重显著降低(P<0.05),80%能量组仔鸡49日龄体重显著升高(P<0.05)。②血液生化指标:母体能量限饲显著降低了28日龄各组仔鸡血清中ALB的含量(P<0.05),显著提高了50%能量组IGF-1的水平(P<0.05)。③肌节长度:与对照组相比,50%、70%能量组1日龄肉鸡腿肌肌节长度显著降低(P<0.05),70%、80%能量组28日龄肉鸡腿肌肌节长度显著升高(P<0.05),50%能量组49日龄肉鸡腿肌肌节长度显著增大(P<0.05)。结果表明,肉种鸡产蛋中期能量限饲对子代生长发育有显著影响,并且子代在生长过程中表现出补偿生长作用。     

肉种鸡日粮能量水平对子代肉仔鸡脂肪沉积及其相关血液指标的影响

试验采用单因子试验设计,选用20周龄体重相近的爱拔益加(AA)肉种母鸡300羽,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20羽。在产蛋率达到5%时进行能量处理,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,高能组、低能组日粮能量水平分别为对照组的120%、80%,各组均限饲且饲喂量相同。随机抽取300羽产蛋中期(40~42周龄)肉种鸡孵化后的1日龄公雏,试验分组与母代相同,自由采食、饮水,试验期为49 d。结果表明,①与对照组相比,高能组28日龄肝脂率、皮脂厚和49日龄腹脂率显著提高(P<0.05);随着母体日粮能量水平降低,28日龄和49日龄肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌、肝脏总胆固醇含量呈现出降低趋势,但均无显著变化(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,高能组28日龄血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)含量、49日龄血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著降低(P<0.05),而49日龄血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著升高(P<0.05);低能组49日龄血清胆固醇(CHO)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清T3含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结果提示,随着肉种鸡日粮能量水平的升高,子代血清T3、T4水平呈现降低趋势,肝脂蓄积逐渐增多,从而使血脂水平也逐渐升高。综合考虑,肉种鸡日粮能量水平低20%可能更有利于子代的生长发育。     

母种鸡补充不同硒源对后代肉鸡硒沉积、抗氧化指标及生长性能的影响

选用39周龄岭南黄品种肉用母种鸡240只,按照饲养试验要求分成2组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0.30 mg?kg-1硒水平的亚硒酸钠和DL-硒代蛋氨酸日粮;种蛋按重复分别孵化后,初生雏鸡各选60只,共计360只,饲喂不加硒的相同日粮56 d,研究母种鸡补充不同硒源对后代肉鸡硒沉积、抗氧化指标及生长性能的影响.结果表明:与亚硒酸钠组比,硒代蛋氨酸组显著提高了初生雏鸡、肉成鸡肝、肾和肌肉组织、雏鸡胸腺、肉成鸡血清及种蛋的硒含量(P0.01);提高了初生雏鸡肌肉GSH-Px、SOD和肾脏SOD活力(P0.05)、肌肉和肝脏T-AOC及肾脏GSH水平(P0.01),降低了肌肉和胰脏MDA含量(P0.05);增强了肉成鸡血清和肌肉GSH-Px活力(P0.01)、血清SOD活力、胰和肌肉T-AOC(P0.05);降低了后代肉鸡死亡率和料质量比(P0.05).上述结果提示,母种鸡补充DL-硒代蛋氨酸同比亚硒酸钠能提高种蛋及后代肉鸡组织硒含量,增强后代机体抗氧化功能,降低其死亡率,有利于生长并提高饲料转化率.     

不同能量水平限饲对肉种鸡种蛋氨基酸及脂肪酸含量影响

文章探讨不同能量水平日粮对肉种鸡种蛋氨基酸及脂肪酸含量影响。选用27周龄体重相近爱拔益加(AA)肉种鸡240羽,随机分为4组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10羽,产蛋率达5%时开始试验,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲粮能量水平分别为对照组80%、70%、50%,各组每日投料量及饲粮中粗蛋白质、氨基酸等其他营养水平均相同,40周龄结束试验,测定种蛋中氨基酸及脂肪酸含量。结果表明,(1)与对照组相比,35周龄时50%限饲组蛋黄中必需氨基酸含量显著升高(P0.05),而80%、70%限饲组有上升趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),其中70%、50%限饲组蛋黄中苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量显著升高(P0.05),各限饲组蛋黄中总游离氨基酸有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);各限饲组对蛋清中必需氨基酸、总游离氨基酸含量均无显著影响(P0.05),但70%、50%限饲组蛋氨酸含量显著升高(P0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,35周龄时50%限饲组蛋黄中必需脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P0.05);40周龄肉种鸡70%、50%能量限饲组必需脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸均显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,35周龄时,肉种鸡能量限饲可提高种蛋中氨基酸及脂肪酸含量,40周龄时不宜过度能量限饲。     

酒糟对氧化应激肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究玉米酒糟及其可溶物(Distillers dried grains with solubles,DDGS)对地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)诱导的应激肉鸡肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。选用300只1日龄科宝500肉鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,每处理6个重复,每重复25只肉鸡,其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂150g/kg DDGS日粮。22日龄时,再分为4个处理。处理1:饲喂基础日粮,第23天开始注射生理盐水;处理2:饲喂基础日粮,第23天开始注射DEX;处理3:饲喂150g/kg DDGS日粮,第23天开始注射生理盐水;处理4:饲喂150g/kg DDGS日粮,第23天开始注射DEX。DEX均为腹腔隔日注射3次,剂量为3mg/kg。结果表明,注射期DEX显著提高肉鸡腹脂率、肝脏指数、胸肌L*值及血清GSH-Px活性(P0.05);降低血清T-AOC活性和MDA浓度(P0.05)。DDGS显著增加胸肌失水率和L*值(P0.05),降低血清T-AOC活性(P0.05)。应激后,DEX显著提高肉鸡腹脂率并降低血清GSH-Px和T-AOC活性(P0.05)。DDGS组肉鸡血清T-AOC活性显著降低(P0.05)。结果提示,DEX成功诱导肉鸡氧化应激,日粮中添加DDGS未显著改善应激肉鸡肉品质。     

红车轴草异黄酮对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验将180羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡分成3组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+红车轴草异黄酮(10 mg·kg-1)、基础日粮+红车轴草异黄酮(20mg·kg-1),研究红车轴草异黄酮对肉鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,红车轴草异黄酮可以提高肉鸡的日增重(P＜0.05),使血清中总蛋白和白...     

棉籽低聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡360只,雌雄各半,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%,0.1%,0.2%,0.3%的棉籽低聚糖和0.1%氟哌酸,观察对肉仔鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：添加0.1%棉籽低聚糖和抗生素可显著提高肉仔鸡1～42 d增重（P〈0.01）,添加0.3%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高肉仔鸡1～21 d,1～42 d增重（P〈0.01）。添加0.1%,0.2%,0.3%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高23日龄肉仔鸡血浆总抗氧化能力（P〈0.05）。添加0.05%棉籽低聚糖可显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡血浆总超氧化物岐化酶（T-SOD）的活力（P〈0.05）,显著降低血浆丙二醛（MDH）含量（P〈0.05）。添加0.2%棉籽低聚糖和抗生素的处理组可显著提高肉仔鸡42日龄血浆过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力（P〈0.01）。     

颗粒料对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化器官的影响

用颗粒饲料(0～2周龄为粗屑饲料,3～8周龄为直径2.5mm的颗粒饲料)和粉料饲喂肉仔鸡,观察饲料形态对肉仔鸡生产性能及消化器官的影响。结果表明:颗粒组肉仔鸡的增重及耗料量(分别为2042.8g和5209.6g)明显(P<0.05)高于料粉组(分别为1787.1g和4714.1g)、单位增重的耗料量明显低于粉料组(耗料比分别为2.55和2.64);8周龄时,颗粒组肉仔鸡的肌胃重和腺胃重明显低于粉料组(P<0.05),但肝重明显高于粉料组(P<0.05)。     

新型复合氨基酸络合铁对肉鸡生产性能、血液指标和组织铁含量的影响

为探究肉鸡日粮中添加以两种氨基酸螯合成的新型复合氨基酸络合铁添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、器官指数、血液指标、组织抗氧化性能和铁含量的影响,选用960只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡公雏,随机分为6个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复20只雏鸡。试验处理组分别在玉米-豆粕基础日粮中添加0、20、40、80及120mg/kg的新型复合氨基酸络合铁(ZprFe)和80mg/kg硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)。结果表明:1)肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe对肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)日粮中添加ZprFe显著提高了肉鸡42日龄肝脏和脾脏指数(P0.05),且随着日粮中铁水平的添加呈线性和二次增加(P0.05)。3)添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄和42日龄血清铁含量(P0.05);显著降低21日龄血清总铁结合力(P0.05),但对42日龄血清总铁结合力无显著影响(P0.05)。添加ZprFe显著提高21日龄血清含锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活性和42日龄血清含铜与锌超氧化物歧化酶CuZn-SOD活性(P0.05)。4)添加ZprFe对肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)无显著影响(P0.05),但可显著提高胸肌T-SOD活性和T-AOC能力(P0.05)。添加ZprFe对肝脏铁含量影响显著,随着日粮中铁水平含量的增高,肝脏铁含量呈显著线性增加(P0.05)。综上,日粮中添加新型复合氨基酸络合铁ZprFe有利于肉鸡器官生长发育,提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和组织铁沉积,推荐在本研究条件下AA肉鸡日粮中添加ZprFe的适宜添加范围为40～80mg/kg,为实际生产提供理论依据。     

全脂大豆对肉仔鸡内脏器官形态学影响

试验采用生、熟全脂大豆和对照饲粮分7组饲喂出壳1日龄艾维菌（Arian )肉仔鸡，研究了生、熟全脂大豆对肉仔鸡内脏器官重量和组织形态结构的影响。结果表明：饲喂生大豆饲粮肉仔鸡的胰腺相对重显著高于饲喂熟大豆和对照饲粮组（P＜0．05），饲喂熟大豆与对照饲粮组间无显著差异。生大豆饲粮对胰腺生长短期影响显著。前期饲喂生大豆饲粮肉仔鸡大肠、小肠相对重显著高于饲喂熟大豆和对照饲粮组（P＜0．05），后期无显著差异。饲喂生长大豆饲粮肉仔鸡腺胃、肌胃相对重在前、后期显著高于对照饲粮组（P＜0．05）。生大豆饲粮组对鸡的小肠绒毛的损伤明显。     

饲料添加剂对感染球虫肉鸡早期肠道健康的影响

为探讨饲料添加剂对球虫感染肉鸡早期肠道健康的影响,选取400只1日龄健康AA肉公鸡为研究对象,随机分为4组各5个重复,每个重复10羽。4组分别为基础日粮组、基础日粮+0.08%抗生素组、基础日粮+0.05%益生菌组及基础日粮+1%绿茶粉组。每组肉鸡14日龄时分别灌喂1mL(5×10~4)柔嫩艾美尔球虫和生理盐水。每2周空腹称重1次。分别于球虫侵染后的第4、7、10天收集粪便,用于球虫卵计数。于19、24日龄每组的5个重复中各取1只,共屠宰40只鸡,检测各肠段长度和重量,并截取其2cm十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠用于制作切片。结果表明:球虫侵染第10天时,抗生素组和益生菌组的虫卵数显著低于对照组(P0.05),绿茶粉组球虫虫卵数低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);饲料中添加1%绿茶粉降低肉鸡早期(0~14d)增重(P0.05),肉鸡第15~28天增重在各饲料添加剂组间无显著差异;益生菌组回肠长度显著高于其它各组(P0.05),回肠壁厚显著低于对照组与绿茶粉组(P0.05),与抗生素组差异不显著;绿茶粉组回肠壁厚、绒毛长度、隐窝深度、绒隐比和盲肠壁厚与各组间均无显著性差异。综上,球虫感染影响肉鸡肠道发育,导致空肠发育缓慢,盲肠壁增厚。绿茶粉可以缓解因球虫感染导致的体重下降,但对肉鸡早期(0~14d)生长发育无显著促进作用。益生菌不影响肉鸡15~28日龄增重,并减少球虫感染后粪便中的虫卵数。     

日粮粗蛋白质水平及添加尿素对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将288羽21日龄艾维茵肉鸡分为6组,设计16%,18%和20%粗蛋白质(CP)不同水平,及其分别添加1g/kg尿素(U)共构成6组日粮,随机分配给6组肉鸡,观测不同处理对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)随日粮CP水平提高,肉鸡采食量下降,16%CP及16%CP+U组显著高于其他组(P<0.05);全期平均日增重以16%CP+U及18%CP组最高(P<0.05);全期料肉比以16%CP和18%CP+U组最高(P<0.05)。(2)随日粮CP水平提高,肉鸡腹脂率下降,20%CP及20%CP+U组显著低于其他组(P<0.05);胸肉率18%CP组显著高于16%CP,16%CP+U及20%CP+U组(P<0.05);添加尿素腹脂率趋于降低(P>0.05);20%CP+U组胸肉率显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)CP水平及添加尿素显著影响血清尿素氮(BUN)及血清总蛋白(BTP)。说明在本试验能量水平及氨基酸模式下,低蛋白质日粮(16%)加1g/kg尿素可使肉鸡获得较好的生产性能。     

不同能量水平限饲对肉种鸡血液生化及内分泌指标的影响

文章探讨不同能量水平日粮对肉种鸡血液生化及内分泌指标影响。试验选用健康、体重基本一致的27W爱拔益加肉种鸡240羽,随机分为4个处理组,分别为饲喂基础日粮对照组,能量水平为基础日粮50%(Ⅰ组)、70%(Ⅱ组)、80%(Ⅲ组)试验组,每组设置6个重复,每个重复10羽。对照组与限饲组饲喂量相同且限饲,于40W结束试验。结果表明,(1)血清生化,与对照组相比,肉种鸡饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ能量限饲组血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量显著升高(P0.05),且Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);各能量限饲组血清中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著降低(P0.05),且Ⅰ组低密度脂蛋白含量低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组;各能量限饲组葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著升高(P0.05)。Ⅰ组血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著降低(P0.05);各能量限饲组血清中白蛋白(ALB)含量显著降低(P0.05),且Ⅰ组显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。(2)内分泌指标,与对照组相比,各能量限饲组血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量显著升高(P0.05),且Ⅰ组显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中甲状腺素(T4)含量显著升高(P0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清中生长激素(GH)含量显著升高(P0.05);各能量饲组血清中胰岛素(Ins)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ)含量显著升高(P0.05),且Ⅲ组胰岛素样生长因子含量高于其他各组(P0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中瘦素(Lep)含量显著升高(P0.05),且Ⅲ组高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。各能量限饲组血清中雌二醇(E2)含量显著升高(P0.05),且Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。综上所述,肉种鸡能量限饲可降低血清中各蛋白含量,葡萄糖(GLU)显著增加,内分泌中激素指标升高,80%能量水平饲喂较为适宜。     

Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages(15 broilers per cage) for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate(feed/gain, F/G) during days 22–42 and 1–42(P0.03), drip loss in thigh muscle(P=0.02), and duodenal crypt depth(P=0.005) on day 42, but had no effect(P0.05) on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest(P0.05) F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly(P=0.003) as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased(P0.05) at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.     

Effects of soybean oligosaccharides on lipid metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck et Schlegel) fed animal or plant protein source-based diets

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) on the levels of cholesterol in plasma and liver, and the fatty acid composition in muscle and liver of juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus Temminck et Schlegel). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric practical diets (crude protein 49%, gross energy 19 kJ/g) including only fish meal (FM) or soy protein isolate (SPI) as sole dietary protein source with (Diets FMO and SPIO) or without (Diets FM and SPI) supplemented SBOS (stachyose, 2.61%; raffinose, 0.61%) were formulated. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 30 fish (initial body weight 1.93 ± 0.02 g) each. Fish were maintained in the flow-through aquaria at water temperature ranging from 22.0°C to 25.0°C and fed twice (08:00, 16:00) daily to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Dietary SBOS supplementation significantly increased the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in plasma of the fish fed FM-based diets (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed at the levels of plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P > 0.05). The levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in plasma of the fish fed SPI-based diets were not significantly influenced by the supplemented SBOS (P > 0.05). Supplementation of SBOS did not influence the hepatic TC, TG and lipid contents and lipid droplet accumulation in fish fed FM-based diets, but significantly decreased the hepatic TC, TG and lipid contents and lipid droplet accumulation in fish fed SPI-based diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, supplemented SBOS significantly increased fecal cholesterol extraction in the fish fed FM-based diets (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the fish fed SPI-based diets (P > 0.05). The fatty acid composition in muscle and liver was not significantly affected by supplemental SBOS regardless of dietary protein source (P > 0.05). These results indicate that dietary SBOS supplementation (stachyose, 2.61%; raffinose, 0.61%) does not negatively affect the lipid metabolism of the fish fed FM-based diets, but decrease the incidences of fatty liver of the fish fed SPI-based diets.     

Effect of oilseeds rich in linoleic and linolenic acids on milk production and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows

Nine multiparous cows averaging 93±13 days in milk production (DIM) were used in a triple 3×3 Latin square design to determine the effects of feeding them whole roasted flaxseed, cracked roasted soybean and fresh alfalfa in the diet on milk production, milk fatty acid profiles and the digestibility of nutrients. Each experimental period lasted 30 d and a sample collection was performed during the last 7 d. The cows were fed on the control basal diet (CON) or diets containing whole roasted flaxseed (FLA) or cracked roasted soybean (SOY). All diets were fed as a total mixed ration (TMR) and had similar concentrations of crude protein (CP), Net Energy Lactation (NEL), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The dry matter intake (DMI) was not significantly different (P>0.05), but tended to increase in FLA and SOY diets compared with the control (P>0.05). Cows in all treatments had a similar milk yield, although 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) yield was higher on the FLA and SOY diets than on the CON diet. Milk fat percentage (3.45%) increased in the FLA diet compared with the control (3.31%) and SOY diets (3.39%). Milk protein percentages were similar among the diets (P>0.05). There were similar digestibilities of DM, CP and ADF among the treatments and lower digestibilities of NDF and ether extract in the SOY diet compared with the CON diet. Feeding various oilseeds significantly increased the concentrations of C_18:1, C_18:3 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The FLA diet decreased the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty-acids in the milk, which would improve the nutritive value of the milk.     

不同水平精氨酸对肉种鸡产蛋后期蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究不同水平精氨酸饲粮对肉种鸡产蛋后期蛋品质、蛋组分及血液生化指标影响。选用60周龄健康、体重相近爱拔益加(AA)肉种鸡,随机分为5组(A、B、C、D、E),每组6个重复,每个重复7羽,共210羽,A组为对照组(含0.96%可消化L-精氨酸的玉米-豆粕基础饲粮),B、C、D、E组为试验组,分别饲喂含1.16%、1.36%、1.56%、1.76%可消化L-精氨酸的玉米-豆粕基础饲粮(即在基础饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%L-精氨酸)。7周后,收集种蛋。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组蛋形指数、蛋白高度、蛋壳相对重和哈夫单位均有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);B、C、D、E组蛋黄粗脂肪含量均显著降低(P0.05),B、C组蛋黄粗蛋白显著增加(P0.05),而D、E组蛋黄粗蛋白含量及相对重均差异不显著(P0.05);C、D组蛋清粗脂肪含量显著增加(P0.05),B、E组蛋清粗脂肪含量有增加趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),各试验组蛋清粗蛋白含量及蛋清相对重均差异不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比较,C、D组血清总蛋白含量极显著增加,C、E组甘油三酯含量极显著减少(P0.01)。综上所述,饲粮中可消化精氨酸水平为1.36%(C组)时,可改善肉种鸡产蛋后期蛋品质,增加肉种母鸡血清中总蛋白含量,显著降低血清甘油三酯含量。     

黄芪粉对快大型优质鸡血脂和体脂含量的影响

[目的]研究黄芪粉对快大型优质鸡血脂和体脂的影响,为将其应用于家禽生产提供理论依据。[方法]将180只1日龄良凤花鸡随机均分为6组,试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮 试验2组、3组和4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.75%、1.0%、1.25%的黄芪粉 试验5、6组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0%和1.25%黄芪粉,投喂10天后停喂10天,全程循环。分别于35日龄和63日龄时测定甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TCHO）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的含量,63日龄时测定腹脂率（PAF）,肌间脂肪宽度（IMF）、皮下脂肪厚度（SFP）。[结果]与对照组相比,在35日龄时,第3组、4组和6组TCHO含量显著或极显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,第3组和6组LDL-C含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,第5组HDL-C含量显著增加（P〈0.05） 与对照组相比,在63日龄时,黄芪添加组的TG含量极显著降低（P〈0.01）,第3组、4组和5组血清TCHO和LDL-C的含量显著或极显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,HDL-C水平显著增加（P〈0.05）,第3组腹脂率显著降低（P〈0.05）。[结论]黄芪粉可降低血清TG、TCHO和LDL-C的含量,提高HDL-C水平,对腹部脂肪沉积有一定的调节作用。     

Effects of selenium source and level on growth performance,antioxidative ability and meat quality of broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium(Se) source and level on growth performance, carcass traits, antioxidative ability and meat quality of broilers. A total of 320 one-d-old Arbor Acres commercial broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design involving a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments plus one Se-unsupplemented basal diet control for 42 d. The two Se sources were sodium selenite and Se yeast, and the two supplemental Se levels were 0.20 and 0.40 mg Se kg–1. The results showed that broilers fed the Se-supplemented diets had higher(P0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake from 22 to 42 d of age, eviscerated yield and abdominal fat percentages, Se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities in breast and thigh muscles on d 42, and lower(P0.05) feed/gain from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 d of age, mortality from 22 to 42 d of age and malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration in thigh muscle on d 42 than those fed the control diet. Broilers fed the diets supplemented with Se yeast had higher(P0.05) p H value and lower(P0.05) shear force in thigh muscle than those fed the diets supplemented with sodium selenite. Additionally, broilers fed the diets supplemented with 0.40 mg Se kg–1 had lower(P0.05) shear force in thigh muscle and higher(P0.05) GSH-Px activities in breast and thigh muscles than those fed the diets supplemented with 0.20 mg Se kg–1. Furthermore, broilers fed the diet supplemented with Se yeast at 0.40 mg Se kg–1 had higher(P0.05) Se concentrations in breast and thigh muscles than those fed the diet supplemented with Se yeast at 0.20 mg Se kg–1, but no differences(P0.05) were observed in these indices of broilers fed the diets supplemented with sodium selenite between 0.20 and 0.40 mg Se kg–1. The results from the present study indicated that supplemental Se could increase the growth performance, muscle Se concentration and antioxidative ability of broilers; and the Se from Se yeast was more effective than the Se from sodium selenite in improving meat quality of broilers.     

日粮添加鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶对改善肉鸡生产性能的消化生理与免疫学机制的研究

 【目的】探索鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶的作用机理,确定其添加效果与使用方法;同时,为果胶酶的推广应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】选用1日龄同批孵化、健康肉鸡240只,随机分成4个处理组。1组为对照组,饲喂正常水平的基础日粮;2组在基础日粮的基础上添加0.249%的果胶酶;3组添加0.168%纤维素酶;4组添加0.15%由果胶酶和纤维素酶按1﹕1配合而成的复合酶。【结果】果胶酶组肉鸡。显著提高对磷（P）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、蛋氨酸（Met）、赖氨酸（Lys）、胱氨酸（Cys）、苏氨酸（Thr）和异亮氨酸（Ile）的利用率（P＜0.05）,极显著提高粗蛋白（CP）的利用率（P＜0.01）;显著提高果胶酶组28日龄时十二指肠、胰腺的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性以及空肠的脂肪酶活性（P＜0.05）,极显著提高胃蛋白酶活性（P＜0.01）,显著提高49日龄时胰腺的淀粉酶及脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性、十二指肠的淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性和空肠的脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性（P＜0.05）;显著提高空肠的绒毛高度、降低肠壁厚度（P＜0.05）;果胶酶组显著降低49日龄的尿酸、尿素氮水平（P＜0.05）;显著提高的血糖水平（P＜0.05）;显著降低盲肠大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量（P＜0.05）;显著提高乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量（P＜0.05）;显著提高49日龄时的新城疫抗体效价（P＜0.05）。【结论】日粮中添加鹅源草酸青霉产果胶酶能提高肉鸡的生产性能和养分利用率,改善肠道形态结构、消化酶活性和微生态环境。