复合天然添加剂对鹌鹑蛋品质影响的研究

用300只10月龄产蛋鹌鹑随机分成3组,对照组A饲喂全价基础日粮,试验组B添加0.5%的含有红椒粉和油菜花粉的天然添加剂,试验组C添加0.5%的含有红椒粉和甜茶粉的天然添加剂,试验期15天。测定第0、5、10、15天的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数及蛋黄色泽度(RCF)。结果表明:B和C蛋黄色泽度明显高于A(P<0.01),同时B高于C(P<0.05);B和C蛋黄指数显著高于A(P<0.05,P<0.01),且第15天时B显著高于C(P<0.05);蛋重、蛋形指数和蛋壳厚度组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验说明:该两种复合天然添加剂能够明显提高鹌鹑蛋黄色泽度和蛋黄指数。     

海东鸡与罗曼鸡蛋品质指标的对比分析

测定了青海海东鸡蛋（41枚）和罗曼鸡蛋（31枚）的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋的密度、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳重量、哈氏单位、浓蛋白高度、蛋黄比率和血斑肉斑率等9项蛋品质指标。结果表明：两品种鸡蛋的密度、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、和血斑肉斑率无显著差异（P〉0．05）;罗曼鸡蛋的蛋重显著高于海东鸡,海东鸡蛋的浓蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄比率均显著高于罗曼鸡（P〈0．05）。     

绿茶粉及红椒粉对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

为研究绿茶粉及红椒粉对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,试验选取216只36周龄健康的褐壳商品蛋鸡(京粉一号),随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每重复12只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ和Ⅲ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加0.40%绿茶粉和0.40%绿茶粉与0.60%红椒粉复合物。预试期7 d,正试期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组产蛋鸡第1周和第3周产蛋率均显著提高(P0.05),试验组各周料蛋比均显著降低(P0.05);绿茶粉及红椒粉对产蛋鸡平均蛋质量无显著影响(P0.05);试验组鸡蛋蛋黄指数均显著提高(P0.05);Ⅲ组蛋黄色泽较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著提高(P0.05);绿茶粉及红椒粉对鸡蛋蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位、蛋比重及蛋形指数均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加绿茶粉及红椒粉能明显提高产蛋鸡产蛋性能,改善部分蛋品质;绿茶粉及红椒粉复合物能显著提高鸡蛋蛋黄色泽(P0.05)。     

中草药制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋的品质的影响

本试验选用当归、阳起石、淫羊藿、菟丝子、益母草、刺五加和何首鸟等多味中药组成绿色中药方剂，用其饲喂蛋鸡，观察其对产蛋性能、蛋的品质及健康状况的影响。结果表明：试验A组（含量1％），B组（含量2％）与对照C组比较，产蛋率显著高于对照组（P≤0．05），其中A组高2．41％，B组高7．83％；料蛋比显著低于对照组（P≤0．05），其中A组低0．18％，B组低1．5％；蛋壳颜色、破蛋率和畸形率都有良好的改善作用，而对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋白与蛋黄比等指标都没有影响；经济效益高于对照组，其中A组高29．19％，B组高24．32％。     

贵妃鸡鲜蛋蛋品质的测定和相关分析

为了解贵妃鸡蛋品质性状和营养成分含量,本试验对300日龄贵妃鸡所产的31枚新鲜鸡蛋进行蛋品质、营养成分测定和相关性分析。结果表明：贵妃鸡300日龄平均蛋重为44．63±3．52g,蛋形指数为136．07±6．98、蛋比重为1．08±0．01、哈氏单位为75．03±7．41、蛋壳厚度为0．31±0．05cm、蛋壳强度为3．36±0．54kg／cm^2、蛋黄色泽为6．40±0．99、蛋黄比率为34．27±0．02％。相关性分析表明：蛋重与蛋清重、蛋黄重呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）,与蛋黄色泽呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）;蛋比重与蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）;蛋黄色泽与蛋清重、蛋黄重呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）。营养成分分析表明：贵妃鸡鸡蛋中粗脂肪含量平均为8．46±0．036％,粗蛋白平均为11．01±0．034％．磷脂含量为8．15±0．221％、胆固醇含量为1026．24±110．9mg／100g。     

有、无鱼粉日粮在蛋鸡生产上的对比试验

选取120只32周龄罗曼褐壳商品蛋鸡,随机分成2组。研究鱼粉日粮和无鱼粉日粮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明：试验组在产蛋率、料蛋比、平均蛋重、蛋白蛋黄比、蛋黄蛋形指数、破蛋率及蛋壳厚度等方面与对照组相比差异均不显著（P〉0．05）,但试验组的哈氏单位比对照组高9．7％,差异显著（P〈0．05）。从饲料成本来看,每产1千克蛋,试验组比对照组饲养成本降低5．6％。在蛋鸡高产期的生产中,无鱼粉日粮可替代鱼粉日粮。     

沔阳麻鸭蛋品质测定与分析

为比较沔阳麻鸭青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋品质的差异,选取300日龄沔阳麻鸭鸭蛋80个(青壳蛋40个、白壳蛋40个),对蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋黄比率、蛋黄色泽、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度进行测定分析。结果显示:沔阳麻鸭青壳蛋蛋形指数极显著低于白壳蛋(P0.01),蛋黄色泽显著高于白壳蛋(P0.05);青壳蛋蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋比重有低于白壳蛋的趋势(P0.05)。青壳蛋蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋黄色泽与蛋形指数、蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关(P0.01),蛋壳强度与蛋白高度、哈氏单位呈显著正相关(P0.05);而蛋重与蛋形指数、蛋形指数与蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度呈显著负相关(P0.05)。白壳蛋蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋白高度,蛋黄重与蛋白高度、哈氏单位呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。研究表明,青壳蛋和白壳蛋蛋品质的改善可通过蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度等指标进行选育。     

中药饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质影响

采用中草药饲料添加剂山楂散饲喂海兰蛋鸡,观察其对产蛋性能、蛋品质及鸡群健康状况的影响,探讨中药制剂的作用机理和应用剂量选择。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加不同比例的山楂散能稳定蛋的色泽,提高蛋的品质,在高温天气条件下,保持较高的产蛋性能。蛋壳颜色正常率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别提高11.25%和12.35%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;蛋壳颜色浅色率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少11.19%和12.02%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;破蛋率,试验A组比对照组减少1.95%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;畸形率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少4.51%与4.14%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;而对蛋形指数、平均蛋重、蛋白和蛋黄比3项指标影响不大。     

不同蛋壳颜色鸡蛋品质的比较研究

通过对不同蛋壳颜色蛋品质的比较研究,探讨蛋壳颜色与蛋品质的关系。连续3 d收集新扬州鸡蛋,从中随机选取120只,测定其蛋壳颜色、蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、蛋白重、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度,分析蛋壳颜色与蛋品质各指标的关系。结果表明,不同蛋壳颜色的蛋品质间存在着一定差异。不同蛋壳颜色组间蛋重、蛋白重、蛋黄重、蛋形指数、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,蛋壳颜色为30～34.9的蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度与其他各组存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;蛋壳颜色与蛋壳强度、蛋壳重呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）,与蛋壳厚度呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）。     

泰和乌骨鸡原种代与祖代鸡蛋的品质分析

进行了泰和原种代鸡和祖代鸡蛋的品质测定与比较研究。结果表明，两者的蛋重，蛋白高度差异极显著（P＜0．01），蛋白质蛋黄比差异显著（P＜0．05），蛋形指数，蛋壳厚度差异不显著（P＞0．05）。祖代鸡比原种鸡产的蛋比重、哈夫单位分别高0．003g／cm3，0．31；但祖代鸡比原种鸡产的蛋蛋白高度低0．81mm。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.