9种中药成分对小鼠免疫细胞活性的影响

测定了淫羊藿多糖、黄芪多糖、当归多糖、蜂胶多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、人参皂甙和黄芪皂甙9种中药成分对小鼠外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖、腹腔巨噬细胞和脾脏NK细胞活性以及抗体生成细胞数量的影响。结果表明，黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、当归多糖、板蓝根多糖、蜂胶黄酮、人参皂甙均能显著或极显著促进ConA(刀豆蛋白A)和LPS(脂多糖)诱导的小鼠外周血和脾脏淋巴细胞增殖，黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、当归多糖、蜂胶黄酮、淫羊藿黄酮和人参皂甙均能极显著或显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和NK细胞活性，黄芪多糖、蜂胶黄酮、淫羊藿黄酮、人参皂甙和淫羊藿多糖、黄芪皂甙极显著或显著增加小鼠的抗体生成细胞数。结果表明，9种中药成分对小鼠免疫细胞具有不同的刺激能力，这种刺激能力可以作为筛选免疫增强剂的指标。     

10种中药成分对单层鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖的影响

将安全浓度范围内的黄芪多糖、当归多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿多糖、板蓝根多糖、黄芪黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、淫羊藿黄酮、黄芪皂苷和人参皂苷等 10种中药成分分别加入已培养 2 4h、刚形成单层的鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF)中 ,在加药后12 ,2 4 ,36 ,4 8和 6 0h用MTT法测定它们对CEF增殖的影响。结果表明 ,黄芪皂苷、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖和蜂胶黄酮主要表现为促进增殖 ;淫羊藿多糖主要具抑制效应 ;其他 5种中药成分在某些浓度和时间点能促进增殖 ,而在某些浓度和时间点则抑制增殖 ,并有一定的量效和时效关系。     

中药成分与新城疫病毒感作后对病毒感染活性的影响

将5种浓度的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂苷和人参皂苷分别与新城疫病毒La Sota株混合感作144 h和272 h后,加到已培养36 h的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中，继续培养72h，采用中性红染料吸收法测定CEF增殖变化,判定中药成分对病毒感染活性的影响。结果表明，所有中药成分几乎所有浓度均影响或显抑制病毒的感染活性，且与感作时间有一定的相关性。     

中药成分复方对兔外周血淋巴细胞增殖、IFN-γ和IL-10的mRNA表达以及兔出血症疫苗免疫效果的影响

【目的】研究两个中药成分复方（cCHMIs）的免疫增强作用和机理。【方法】选择黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶黄酮和人参皂苷4种中药成分组成两个复方,用MTT法和荧光定量RT-PCR法测定它们对兔外周血淋巴细胞增殖和IFN-γ、IL-10 mRNA的表达影响;并将两个复方作为佐剂,配合兔出血症疫苗免疫幼兔,以铝胶苗和无佐剂苗为对照,分别于免疫后7、14、21、35、49 d用MTT法和血凝抑制法测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖和血清抗体的动态变化,于免疫后63 d测定免疫器官指数和攻毒保护率。【结果】两个复方在体外均可以显著促进淋巴细胞增殖,提高淋巴细胞IFN-γ、IL-10 mRNA的表达;作为佐剂,两个复方可以显著提高免疫兔的血清抗体效价,促进体内淋巴细胞增殖,显著促进圆小囊、肠淋巴结等免疫器官的发育,有较高的攻毒保护效果。【结论】两个复方中药成分具有较强的免疫增强作用,可被开发成新型的免疫增强剂。     

中药成分复方对免外周血淋巴细胞增殖、IFN-Y和IL-10的mRNA表达以及兔出血症疫苗免疫效果的影响

[目的]研究两个中药成分复方(cCHMIs)的免疫增强作用和机理.[方法]选择黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶黄酮和人参皂苷4种中药成分组成两个复方,用MTT法和荧光定量RT-PCR法测定它们对兔外周血淋巴细胞增殖和IFN-y.IL-10 mRNA的表达影响;并将两个复方作为佐剂,配合兔出血症疫苗免疫幼兔,以铝胶苗和无佐剂苗为对照,分别于免疫后7、14、21、35、49 d用MTT法和血凝抑制法测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖和血清抗体的动态变化,于免疫后63 d测定免疫器官指数和攻毒保护率.[结果]两个复方在体外均可以显著促进淋巴细胞增殖,提高淋巴细胞IFN-Y、IL-10mRNA的表达;作为佐剂,两个复方可以显著提高免疫兔的血清抗体效价,促进体内淋巴细胞增殖,显著促进圆小囊、肠淋巴结等免疫器官的发育,有较高的攻毒保护效果.[结论]两个复方中药成分具有较强的免疫增强作用,可被开发成新型的免疫增强剂.     

复方中药成分与IL-2的免疫协同作用及对鸡细胞因子表达的影响

以淫羊藿多糖加蜂胶黄酮（方1）、人参皂苷加黄芪多糖（方2）组成2个复方，各加IL-2配合新城疫苗免疫雏鸡，分别于免疫后第7、14、21和28d用微量法检测血清抗体效价的动态变化；同时将2个复方各分3种剂量加入到培养的鸡外周血T淋巴细胞中，分别培养7和24h后用半定量RT-PCR方法检测淋巴细胞IL-2和IFN-γ的mRNA表达的变化。结果表明，2个复方单用或与IL-2合用均能显著提高抗体效价，而复方与IL-2的免疫协同作用不明显；方1的3个剂量和方2的高剂量能显著促进IL-2的基因表达，而2个复方的3个剂量能显著促进IFN-γ的基因表达，解释了复方中药成分与IL-2免疫协同作用不明显的原因。     

几种中药成分与IL-2免疫协同作用的比较

将420羽罗曼雏鸡随机均分为14组,14日龄时用新城疫Ⅳ系苗免疫,并分别肌肉注射当归多糖（CAPS）、黄芪多糖（APS）、板蓝根多糖（IRPS）、淫羊藿多糖（EPS）、蜂胶黄酮（PF）和人参皂苷（GS）6种中药成分加白介素2（IL-2）,每天1次,连用3d。分别在不同时间点检测新城疫病毒HI（NDV-HI）抗体效价,并计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,APS、IRPS、EPS、PF和GS加IL-2在免疫后7～14d都能显著提高抗体效价,APS、IRPS和EPS加IL-2在免疫后4周显著促进免疫器官发育。提示,中药成分与IL-2合用有一定的免疫协同作用。     

几种中药成分与IL-2免疫协同作用的比较

将420羽罗曼雏鸡随机均分为14组,14日龄时用新城疫Ⅳ系苗免疫,并分别肌肉注射当归多糖(CAPS)、黄芪多糖(APS)、板蓝根多糖(IRPS)、淫羊藿多糖(EPS)、蜂胶黄酮(PF)和人参皂苷(GS)6种中药成分加白介素2(IL-2),每天1次,连用3 d.分别在不同时间点检测新城疫病毒HI(NDV-HI)抗体效价,并计算免疫器官指数.结果表明,APS、IRPS、EPS、PF和GS加IL-2在免疫后7～14 d都能显著提高抗体效价,APS、IRPS和EPS加IL-2在免疫后4周显著促进免疫器官发育.提示,中药成分与IL-2合用有一定的免疫协同作用.     

中药成分复方的佐剂作用及其与中药复方的功效比较

分别用淫羊藿多糖（EPS）加蜂胶黄酮（PF）、黄芪多糖（APS）加入参皂甙（GS）制成2个中药成分复方（cCHMI1,cCHMI2）,同时用相应的淫羊藿、蜂胶、黄芪和人参的提取物制成相应成分含量相同的2个中药复方（cCHM1,cCHM2）。试验1用2个中药成分复方（对照组为生理盐水）分别配合兔瘟灭活苗免疫家兔,于免疫后第0、3、7、10、14、17、21、28、35、42天用血凝抑制试验法测定血清抗体效价的动态变化;试验2将4个复方分别与灭活的新城疫强毒混合制成疫苗免疫雏鸡,以油佐剂苗、无佐剂苗和生理盐水为对照,分别于免疫后第7、14、21、28、35、42天用MTT法和血凝抑制试验法检测外周血淋巴细胞增殖和血清抗体效价的动态变化。结果表明,2个中药成分复方能显著提高家兔血清的兔瘟抗体效价,cCHMI1的效果优于cCHMI2;4个复方均能显著促进雏鸡淋巴细胞增殖和提高血清抗体效价,效果与油佐剂苗相当,中药成分复方稍优于中药复方。     

中药成分复方的佐剂作用及其与中药复方的功效比较

分别用淫羊藿多糖(EPS)加蜂胶黄酮(PF)、黄芪多糖(APS)加人参皂甙(GS)制成2个中药成分复方(cCHMI1,cCHMI2),同时用相应的淫羊藿、蜂胶、黄芪和人参的提取物制成相应成分含量相同的2个中药复方(cCHM1,cCHM2).试验1用2个中药成分复方(对照组为生理盐水)分别配合兔瘟灭活苗免疫家兔,于免疫后第0、3、7、10、14、17、21、28、35、42天用血凝抑制试验法测定血清抗体效价的动态变化;试验2将4个复方分别与灭活的新城疫强毒混合制成疫苗免疫雏鸡,以油佐剂苗、无佐剂苗和生理盐水为对照,分别于免疫后第7、14、21、28、35、42天用MTT法和血凝抑制试验法检测外周血淋巴细胞增殖和血清抗体效价的动态变化.结果表明,2个中药成分复方能显著提高家兔血清的兔瘟抗体效价,cCHMI1的效果优于cCHMI2;4个复方均能显著促进雏鸡淋巴细胞增殖和提高血清抗体效价,效果与油佐剂苗相当,中药成分复方稍优于中药复方.     

Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is a growth factor for T lymphocytes, can also sometimes be inhibitory. Thus, the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in vivo is increased after the injection of a monoclonal antibody that is specific for IL-2 (IL-2 mAb), perhaps reflecting the removal of IL-2-dependent CD4+ T regulatory cells (T regs). Instead, we show here that IL-2 mAb augments the proliferation of CD8+ cells in mice simply by increasing the biological activity of preexisting IL-2 through the formation of immune complexes. When coupled with recombinant IL-2, some IL-2/IL-2 mAb complexes cause massive (>100-fold) expansion of CD8+ cells in vivo, whereas others selectively stimulate CD4+ T regs. Thus, different cytokine-antibody complexes can be used to selectively boost or inhibit the immune response.     

Downregulation of L3T4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by interleukin-2

Proliferation of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that recognize foreign histocompatibility antigens is induced by interleukin-2, a potent immunoregulatory molecule originally described as T cell growth factor. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is widely used to isolate and induce clonal expansion of CTLs for functional studies in vitro and in vivo. However, in studies with CTLs specific for class I and class II histocompatibility antigens, IL-2 rapidly downregulated the lytic activity of some class II-specific CTLs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Lytic activity of L3T4+ CTLs specific for the murine class II antigen I-Ek was repeatedly up- and downregulated in vitro by alternate exposure to specific (alloantigen) and nonspecific (recombinant IL-2) signals, respectively. These results demonstrate that some CTLs modulate their functional property (cytolysis) while undergoing IL-2-driven cell proliferation without loss of antigen specificity or ability to revert to a lytic phenotype.     

In vivo administration of anti-CD3 prevents malignant progressor tumor growth

Malignant progressor tumors are only weakly immunogenic and can evade host recognition and rejection. One approach to therapy involves activation of the host antitumor cellular effector mechanisms. Since monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (anti-CD3) can activate T cells in vitro, an attempt was made to determine if tumor immunity could be achieved by the administration of anti-CD3 in vivo. T lymphocytes from mice injected with anti-CD3 showed increased interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, increased proliferation to recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), and enhanced reactivity in both an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and a mixed lymphocyte tumor culture. Malignant tumor growth in treated mice was also examined. The anti-CD3 treatment prevented tumor outgrowth that would have killed untreated animals and also stimulated an in vivo response against a malignant progressor tumor providing lasting tumor immunity.     

Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones

The production and action of immunoregulatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), are inhibited by glucocorticoid hormones in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, glucocorticoid blood levels were increased by factors released by human leukocytes exposed to Newcastle disease virus preparations. This activity was neutralized by an antibody to IL-1. Therefore the capacity of IL-1 to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal axis was tested. Administration of subpyrogenic doses of homogeneous human monocyte-derived IL-1 or the pI 7 form of human recombinant IL-1 to mice and rats increased blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids. Another monokine, tumor necrosis factor, and the lymphokines IL-2 and gamma-interferon had no such effects when administered in doses equivalent to or higher than those of IL-1. The stimulatory effect of IL-1 on the pituitary-adrenal axis seemed not to be mediated by the secondary release of products from mature T lymphocytes since IL-1 was endocrinologically active when injected into athymic nude mice. These results strongly support the existence of an immunoregulatory feedback circuit in which IL-1 acts as an afferent and glucocorticoid as an efferent hormonal signal.     

4种中药多糖对猪脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

为筛选免疫活性较好的中药多糖和研制新型猪用免疫增强剂,用MTT比色法比较了不同浓度的板蓝根多糖(IRPS)、牛膝多糖(ABPS)、山药多糖(CYPS)和黄芪多糖(APS)等4种中药多糖对猪脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,IRPS,ABPS,CYPS,APS均能显著刺激ConA或LPS诱导的猪脾淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05),且4种多糖促进猪脾淋巴细胞增殖的作用与多糖浓度有关。     

马尾藻多糖对猪脾细胞免疫活性及其抗病毒活性的影响

采用MTT法测定不同浓度马尾藻多糖(Sargassum polysaccharide,SP)对正常猪脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及其感染猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)后培养活性的影响,并用Griess和ELISA法分别检测细胞培养上清液中一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的水平。试验结果表明:25～400μg.mL-1的SP能协同伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)显著促进T淋巴细胞体外增殖,400μg.mL-1的SP显著促进脂多糖(LPS)刺激的B淋巴细胞体外增殖活性。SP提高正常猪脾细胞体外培养不同时间段的NO分泌量,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05);不同浓度SP提高PRRSV感染的猪脾细胞体外培养分泌NO量,与病毒对照组比较,培养8 h时200μg.mL-1SP、12 h时100～400μg.mL-1SP、24 h时100μg.mL-1和400μg.mL-1SP均能显著地促进NO分泌(P<0.05)。400μg.mL-1SP极显著促进体外培养的猪脾细胞分泌IL-2(P<0.01),100μg.mL-1和400μg.mL-1SP显著促进PRRSV感染猪脾细胞IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌。结论:马尾藻多糖通过促进猪脾细胞增殖和分泌NO、IL-2和IFN-γ来调节免疫细胞活性和抗病毒能力。     

Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.