猪流行性腹泻病毒疫苗株与野毒株RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中猪流行性腹泻(PED)疫苗株与野毒株ORF3的特点设计特异性引物,建立能够快速区分PEDV疫苗株与野毒株的RT-PCR检测方法。建立的RT-PCR检测方法能够对PEDV疫苗株与野毒株扩增出特异性片段,其大小分别为278 bp和327 bp。该方法具有快速、特异、通用等特点,可用于实验室快速诊断、野毒株的区分,为该病的诊断及免疫防控提供参考依据。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒野毒株/疫苗株RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法的建立

开放阅读框3(Open reading frame 3,ORF3)是猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)基因组中的惟一辅助基因。前期研究表明,PEDV疫苗株的ORF3在245²93位缺失49个核苷酸。在ORF3缺失区域两端设计合成引物建立反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)可以对PEDV野毒株和疫苗株进行鉴别诊断,野毒株扩增产物为319 bp,疫苗株扩增产物为270 bp。用该鉴别诊断方法对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒的cDNA进行扩增均无特异性条带,说明该方法特异性强。现地病料的检测结果表明,该鉴别诊断方法能够区分PEDV野毒和疫苗株,而且可以排除其他病毒的影响,有助于减少免疫猪被淘汰的可能,降低经济损失。     

鉴别猪流行性腹泻病毒野毒株与疫苗株双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立鉴别猪流行性腹泻病毒野毒株与疫苗株的检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)M、ORF3基因序列,设计合成了2对特异性引物,通过PCR扩增条件的优化,建立了鉴别PEDV野毒株和疫苗株的双重RT-PCR检测方法。特异性试验显示,该检测方法对猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪细小病毒、Salmonella及E.coli等结果均为阴性;敏感性试验显示,所建立的双重PCR检测方法对M基因和ORF3基因的最低有效检测量分别为44.5拷贝/μL和481拷贝/μL。本研究建立的双重RT-PCR检测方法可实现对PEDV野毒和疫苗毒的快速检测,适合于现地猪流行性腹泻的鉴别诊断。     

PEDV疫苗株与野毒株RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法的建立及临床应用

根据猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)疫苗株和野毒株在ORF3基因上的差异,我们设计了一对引物用于建立PEDV疫苗株和野毒株的RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法,其中疫苗株PCR扩增产物长度为213 bp,野毒株为262 bp。特异性试验结果表明,该引物对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的扩增均为阴性。2014年3月至2015年4月期间利用该方法对河南省51家猪场的581份腹泻样本进行检测,结果发现,PEDV总阳性率为54.9%(391/581),其中野毒株阳性率84.9%(332/391),疫苗株阳性率为15.1%(59/391),说明当前腹泻样本中的PEDV检出率依然较高,且在这些PEDV阳性病料中以野毒感染为主。     

鉴别猪流行性腹泻疫苗毒株与野毒株巢式PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据Gen Bank中猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的基因序列分别设计两对引物,在完成最佳条件筛选、特异性、敏感性试验的基础上,建立一种快速区分PEDV疫苗毒株与野毒株的巢式PCR检测方法。建立的PCR快速检测方法能分别对PEDV疫苗毒株和野毒株扩增出特异性片段,片段大小分别为774 bp、150bp。该方法对传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、轮状病毒(Po RV)、猪瘟病毒(HCV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)则不能扩增出特异性片段。该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、通用等特点,可用于实验室的快速诊断、分子流行病学的调查和野毒株的分离鉴定。     

基于SYBR Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR对猪流行性腹泻病毒野毒和疫苗弱毒鉴别诊断方法的建立

本研究参考GenBank中登录的猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)野毒株和弱毒疫苗株(CV777弱毒疫苗株)在高度保守ORF3基因核苷酸序列的差异,设计一对特异性荧光定量引物,分别建立基于SYBRⅠ实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法。结合熔解曲线分析可见,其野毒株和弱毒疫苗株熔解温度(Tm)分别为(81.84±0.17)℃和(83.16±0.14)℃,扩增产物的熔解曲线分析均只出现1个单特异峰,对传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪细小病毒、猪流感病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪瘟病毒均检测不到荧光信号。结合熔解曲线可直接鉴别猪群中PEDV的感染情况和程度,可对免疫猪群PEDV野毒感染和疫苗免疫做出快速准确的鉴别诊断,尤其是对PEDV弱毒疫苗免疫后仍爆发PEDV野毒感染的研究更有临床意义。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒变异毒株与传统毒株RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法的建立

为建立猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)变异毒株和传统毒株RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法,本研究根据GenBank中PEDV变异毒株(JN381492.1)和传统毒株(JN599150.1)S基因序列,设计两对特异性引物,进行反应条件优化。结果显示:建立的RT-PCR鉴别诊断方法能够特异性区分PEDV变异毒株和传统毒株,能扩增出变异毒株442 bp的目的片段,而传统毒株是270 bp的目的片段,并且与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪细小病毒、猪呼肠孤病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪脑心肌炎病毒、轮状病毒均无交叉反应;敏感性结果表明该方法能检测出变异毒株和传统毒株的底限均为4×104 copies;利用该方法对42份临床腹泻样品进行检测,PEDV阳性率为69%(29/42),变异毒株占总PEDV毒株的93.1%(27/29),传统毒株占总PEDV毒株的6.9%(2/29)。该RT-PCR方法为PEDV的病原鉴别诊断和流行病学调查提供了技术手段。     

猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株RT-PCR-RFLP鉴别检测方法的建立

本研究旨在建立猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株RT-PCR-RFLP鉴别检测方法。根据Shimen株设计1对特异性引物,建立猪瘟病毒RT-PCR-RFLP检测方法;对20份疑似猪瘟临床样品进行检测,并对检出的山东8株流行野毒株和2株疫苗株PCR产物进行克隆与序列分析,验证上述方法。结果RT-PCR扩增片段为825bp,产物经RFLP分析,野毒株的PCR产物能被ApaⅠ酶切为322bp和503bp 2个片段,兔化弱毒疫苗株则不能被酶切,检测出RNA的最低浓度为0.028 6μg.mL-1;8株流行野毒株都含GGGCCC序列(ApaⅠ酶切位点),2株疫苗株相应序列为GAGCCC,不能被ApaⅠ酶切;8株流行野毒株属于基因2群,2株疫苗株与HCLV遗传关系近,为基因1群。建立了可鉴别猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株RT-PCR-RFLP检测方法,为猪瘟的防控提供有效手段。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒疫苗株与野毒株PCR-HRM鉴别检测方法的建立

基于新型的PCR产物分析技术-高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM),大量分析猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)全基因序列的特点,建立鉴别PEDV CV777疫苗株与野毒株的PCR-HRM分析方法。在ORF1保守区域设计区分引物,同时用普通的RT-PCR方法进行对比。检测19份临床样品中,PCR-HRM方法检测均为阳性且鉴定为野毒株,普通RTPCR之后凝胶电泳分析检测18份阳性,为野毒株。结果表明,PCR-HRM方法具有特异性好,灵敏度高,PCR扩增之后产物无需开盖分析,极大地避免了污染问题,是一种新型的鉴别检测方法。     

CSFV强弱毒株双重RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

为了建立一种能在临床上快速鉴别猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)野毒和弱毒疫苗毒的检测方法,试验在对多株CSFV基因组序列比对分析后,选择特异保守区域设计2对引物构建CSFV强弱毒株双重RT-PCR方法,优化其退火温度,并检测该方法的特异性、敏感性及临床应用效果。结果表明:试验建立的双重RT-PCR方法能从CSFV弱毒疫苗毒和临床野毒株基因组中扩增出大小分别为447 bp和343 bp的特异性基因片段;最佳退火温度为55℃;应用该方法分别对繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)弱毒疫苗毒、猪口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)灭活疫苗毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)弱毒疫苗毒总RNA和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)灭活疫苗毒、猪细小病毒(PPV)灭活疫苗毒、猪圆环病毒(PCV)灭活疫苗毒的总DNA进行检测,均未见特异性条带,特异性好;对CSFV疫苗弱毒的最低RNA检出量为6.28 ng,敏感性高;对临床混合感染病料进行检测,能同时或单独检测到CSFV强毒和CSFV弱毒疫苗毒核酸。说明试验建立的双重RT-PCR方法特异性好,敏感性高,可用于CSFV强弱毒株的检测。     

禽呼肠孤病毒鸡源分离株的鉴定与人工感染试验

从临床患病鸡关节病料中分离到一株病毒，在电镜下观察到病毒粒子无囊膜，有双层衣壳，外衣壳直径约75nm，内核约50nm；分离病毒株对酸、热有较强的抵抗力，对乙醚不敏感；病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞上能产生以融合细胞为特征的CPE；爪垫接种1日龄雏鸡表现出明显的病毒性关节炎临床症状，并伴有吸收障碍型和坏死型的病理变化；血清中和交叉试验表明，该病毒分离株与国内的2株番鸭源呼肠孤病毒（YH和YB）分离株和国外S1133呈不同程度的交叉反应。通过对分离病毒株进行电镜观察、理化特性试验、病毒感染力测定、致病性试验、血清学试验，可以确定该分离病毒为禽呼肠孤病毒。     

羊传染性脓疱病毒疫苗株和野毒株GIF基因比较分析

羊传染性脓疱(orf)是由羊传染性脓疱病毒(orf virus,ORFV)感染引起的绵羊和山羊的一种接触性人兽共患病。粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)/白细胞介素(IL-2)抑制因子(GIF)基因为ORFV编码中晚期病毒基因,它能够与GM-CSF、IL-2结合并且抑制二者的活性,从而抑制宿主抗病毒作用。为了比较疫苗毒株和流行毒株间GIF的差异,本试验扩增并测定了ORFV疫苗株和野毒株的GIF基因序列,比较分析了ORFV疫苗弱毒株和野毒株GIF基因的核酸水平和氨基酸水平的差异情况,以及二、三级蛋白结构。结果表明:本次测定的ORFV疫苗株与野毒GIF基因核苷酸序列相似性为94.3%,氨基酸序列相似性为92.5%,两者的蛋白三级结构预测上也有差异。本研究结果为该病的防控提供了参考依据。     

布鲁氏菌强毒株与弱毒株基因组DNA差异基因筛选与鉴定

本研究应用代表性差异分析技术(RDA)对流产布鲁氏菌强毒株544 A和弱毒株104 M进行基因组差减分析.经过3轮差减杂交,获得强毒株特有的9条差异片段和弱毒株特异的17条差异片段.经BLAST分析和PCR鉴定,最终证实3条差异片段,与流产布鲁氏菌经典弱毒株S19同源性在98%～99%之间,只在弱毒株104 M基因组中检测出.而在强毒株544 A中不存在.该实验为建立布鲁氏菌自然感染菌与疫苗株的基因鉴别诊断方法奠定了基础.     

Comparison of hatchery and field performance between a whirling-disease-resistant strain and the Ten Sleep strain of rainbow trout

A whirling-disease-resistant strain of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (GRHL strain) derived from a backcross of an F1 hybrid of two strains (German strain x Harrison Lake strain) with German strain females, was compared with the Ten Sleep (TS) strain of rainbow trout. The GRHL strain had consistently superior growth and feed conversion in two consecutive hatchery trials. Hatching and mortality rates were similar between strains. Both strains were stocked into two Utah reservoirs (Hyrum, Porcupine), and a third, Causey Reservoir, was monitored as a control for seasonal variation in prevalence of Myxobolus cerebralis. A total of 1,323 salmonids captured by gill net in spring and fall sampling between 2006 and 2008 were tested for M. cerebralis via pepsin-trypsin digest methods. Only eight of these (< 1% per species) had clinical signs consistent with whirling disease. In both reservoirs, GRHL survived better than the TS and had higher growth rates. The prevalence of M. cerebralis was significantly lower for GRHL (18.1%) than TS (50.0%) in Porcupine Reservoir. In Hyrum Reservoir the trend was similar, but prevalence was lower and did not significantly differ between GRHL (9.6%) and TS (23.1%). For infected fish, no significant differences were observed between strains in myxospore counts in either Hyrum (GRHL = 911-28,244 spores/fish [spf], TS = 1,822-155,800 spf) or Porcupine (GRHL = 333-426,667spf, TS = 333-230,511 spf) reservoirs. Unmarked rainbow trout in both reservoirs had significantly higher myxospore counts than stocked fish of either strain. There were significant differences in M. cerebralis prevalence and myxospore loads among other naturally reproducing salmonids in the reservoirs. The trend in susceptibility was cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii > kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka > brown trout Salmo trutta. The GRHL performed well in both hatchery and field settings and is recommended for stocking programs.     

犬2型腺病毒SY株的致弱驯化

作者对分离和系统鉴定的一株犬传染性喉气管炎病毒（犬2型腺病毒）SY（沈阳）株，用犬肾传代细胞MDCK进行了致弱驯化，每驯化15代做一次初步的犬的安全性试验。用大剂量不同代次病毒对易感犬进行人工感染试验，每天观察犬的临床症状及白细胞总数，并于接毒后的第5d安乐死，作病理解剖学和病理组织学检查，易感犬的感染试验结果表明，SY株在犬贤细胞上传15代时对犬的致病力已降低，30代时对犬已不引起发烧，精神沉郁和厌食等症状，仅引起轻度的鼻炎，中度的咽炎，剖检肺表现正常，仅见支气管淋巴结肿大，45代时无临床症状，剖检除扁桃体肿大外没有见到其它症状，60代毒已完全失去致病力，未见任何临床症状及病理变化。     

Radial strain and strain rate by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and the tissue velocity based technique in the dog

ObjectivesTwo-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a new angle-independent ultrasound technique based on tracking of speckles within the myocardium on 2D grayscale images. The aims of this prospective study were as follows: (1) to assess the variability of left ventricular peak systolic radial strain (St) and strain rate (SR) in awake dogs using STE (Protocol 1); and (2) to quantify these variables in a healthy canine population and compare them with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-based St and SR values (Protocol 2).BackgroundSt and SR may be assessed using TDI, which is limited by angle dependency.Animals, materials and methodsThirty-six STE examinations were performed on 6 healthy dogs for Protocol 1 and 37 healthy dogs were recruited for Protocol 2. In both studies, STE measurements were obtained offline from the right parasternal short-axis view by the same trained observer using automatic frame-to-frame tracking of grayscale speckle patterns.ResultsAll within- and between-day coefficients of variation were <10% (Protocol 1). In Protocol 2, St (46.7 ± 12.2%) and SR (2.7 ± 0.6 s⁻¹) measured by STE were correlated with heart rate (p < 0.01), but not with the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to early mitral annular velocity. There was a good correlation between STE and TDI for both St and SR values (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSTE is a repeatable and reproducible non-Doppler method for assessing radial St and SR. The combination of these indices with conventional echo-Doppler variables could provide a new approach for accurately quantifying canine systolic function.     

聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测鸭瘟病毒方法的建立和应用

鸭瘟(Duck Plague，DP)是由鸭瘟病毒(DPV)引起的鸭、鹅等水禽的一种急性败血性传染病，发病率和死亡率都甚高，是危害养鸭业的最为严重的传染病之一。Baudet(1923)首次在荷兰报道鸭瘟，现该病呈世界性分布。目前实验室检测DPV的方法包括病毒分离鉴定、血清中和试验、反向被动血凝试验、琼脂凝胶沉淀试验、荧光抗体试验、微量固相放射免疫测定法、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELIsA)、核酸探针等”，这些方法用于感染DPV死亡鸭组织中病原的检测存在这样或那样的不足，     

1株禽传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定及其实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

自禽传染性支气管炎病毒流行较严重地区的患鸡组织病料中分离得到1株疑似毒株,利用鸡胚培养、气管环及动物回归试验、电镜观察、RT-PCR等多种方法及对其S1基因序列进行比较分析,确定该分离毒株为禽传染性支气管炎病毒QX型。同时针对该新分离的传染性支气管炎病毒建立了实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示:针对该分离毒株的S1基因区设计1对引物和TaqMan探针,制备质粒标准品,建立标准曲线,其线性关系为y=-3.385 7x+42.235,R^2=0.999,扩增效率为97.5%,该法能区分常见禽类流行病毒,检测灵敏度可达42.1拷贝数/μL,比普通PCR检测限度高,重复性良好,因而该实时荧光定量PCR检测方法可靠。本试验同时进行了拷贝数与半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)对应关系研究,证明了在控制病毒代次、冻融次数等条件下,建立线性关系为y=0.249 2x+1.341×10^6(以拷贝数为x轴,EID50为y轴),R^2=0.956 4,可实现拷贝数替代EID50。     

Genomic comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus R strain and its chick-passaged attenuated strain

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that is the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), a disease complex affecting swine around the world. Although this virus is believed to negatively affect the host's immune system, the mechanism by which PCV2 induces disease is not completely understood. This report describes a series of PCV2 experiments using the gnotobiotic pig model in which a relationship was demonstrated between abnormal leukograms and development of clinical disease in PCV2-infected pigs. When compared to control pigs the leukogram was characterized by a decrease in lymphocytes within 14 days post inoculation (dpi) followed by an increase in neutrophils 7-14 days later. No significant changes in the circulating monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil cell populations were detected. The combination of an absolute neutrophilia and lymphopenia produced a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio that was predictive of clinical disease and was inversely correlated with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Based on previous reports, the lymphopenia may be attributed to a direct cytolytic effect of the virus and could negatively affect the pig's immune response. The role of the neutrophilia in the pathogenesis of PCVAD in gnotobiotic pigs is unknown.     

羊传染性脓疱病毒疫苗株和野毒株VIR基因的比较分析

羊传染性脓疱(Orf)是由羊传染性脓疱病毒(orf virus,ORFV)感染引起的一种人兽共患传染病。VIR是ORFV编码的抗干扰素基因。为比较分析ORFV疫苗弱毒株和野毒株编码的VIR基因的特征,本试验扩增并测定了ORFV疫苗株和野毒株的VIR基因序列,比较分析了两者核酸水平和氨基酸水平的变异情况以及二、三级蛋白结构。结果表明:本次测定的ORFV疫苗株与野毒VIR基因核苷酸序列相似性为94.6%,氨基酸序列相似性为91.8%,两者在Z-DNA结合结构域和ds-RNA结合结构域均有突变。