广东云浮部分猪场猪流感血清学调查与分析

从广东云浮市猪场采集39个猪场种公猪、后备和经产母猪血清1506份,用微量血球凝集抑制(HI)试验监测H1、H3、H5、H9亚型猪流感抗体。结果表明:所监测猪场大部分猪群存在H1亚型猪流感抗体,场阳性率为71.79%(28/39),猪群血清抗体阳性率在22.2～100%之间,总阳性率为59.07%(890/1506);部分猪群存在H3亚型猪流感抗体,场阳性率为74.35%(29/39),猪群血清抗体阳性率在5～100%之间,总阳性率为67.75%(1020/1506);未监测到H5、H9亚型猪流感抗体的存在。     

部分猪场H1和H3亚型猪流感的血清学调查

为了解中国部分省市规模化猪场H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的流行情况,采用血凝抑制试验对采集于广东、湖南、河南省12个市县28个规模化猪场的799份血清进行H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的抗体检测。结果表明,H1亚型抗体阳性率在0~83.33%之间,猪抗体总阳性率为46.18%(369/799),猪场阳性率为89.29%(25/28)。H3亚型抗体阳性率在0~100.00%之间,猪抗体总阳性率为61.33%(490/799),猪场阳性率为85.71%(24/28)。广东、湖南和河南地区H1亚型抗体阳性率分别为48.91%、40.26%和50.67%,H3亚型抗体阳性率分别为58.55%、70.78%和78.67%。在被调查的上述3个地区的猪群中,H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,其中H3亚型感染率高于H1亚型,且各地区猪流感病毒的流行情况存在地域性差异。     

河南省部分地区猪流感血清学调查

采用血凝抑制试验对河南省新乡、焦作、漯河等地采集的139份猪血清样品进行了猪流感病毒H1、H3、H5、H9亚型抗体的检测.结果显示,在被调查的139份血清中,H1亚型SIV抗体阳性率为43.17%,H3亚型SIV抗体阳性率为0,H5亚型SIV抗体阳性率为2.16%.H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1.44%:H1+H5亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1.44%;H1+H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1.44%:H1+H5+H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为0.表明在所调查的猪群中,猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,大部分猪场都曾被H1亚型感染,部分猪群有多种亚型混合感染存在.     

广东省H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒抗体血清学调查

为了解广东省规模化猪场H1和H3亚型猪流感病毒的流行情况,采用ELISA检测方法对采集于广东省14个市的28个规模化猪场的1 015份猪血清进行H1亚型和H3亚型猪流感病毒的抗体检测。结果表明,H1亚型抗体总阳性率为40.9%,猪场阳性率高达92.9%(26/28);H3亚型抗体总阳性率为16.8%,猪场阳性率为78.6%(22/28)。其中粤西和珠三角地区H1亚型抗体阳性率分别为49.6%和45.4%,H3亚型抗体阳性率分别为14%和20.8%;而粤东和粤北地区H1亚型抗体阳性率分别为2.7%和12%,H3亚型抗体阳性率分别为6.3%和0。说明在广东省被调查的猪场中,H1和H3猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,其中H1型感染率高于H3型。广东省SIV流行情况存在明显的地域性差异。     

石河子垦区规模猪场H1N1亚型猪流感血清学调查

为了解石河子垦区规模猪场猪流感病毒H1N1亚型(SIV)感染情况,采集石河子垦区6个规模猪场血清,采用血清学方法进行HIN1亚型猪流感病毒抗体检测,同时调查混合感染情况。结果:186份血清样品H1N1亚型SIV抗体阳性率为27.42%(51/186),6个猪场感染阳性率为50%(3/6);51份阳性血清中,82.35%(42/51)感染了猪肺炎支原体(Mhp),80.39%(41/51)感染了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2),29.41%(15/51)感染了猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP),50.98%(26/51)感染了副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS),62.74%(32/51)感染了猪链球菌2型(SS2)。说明垦区部分规模猪场存在H1N1亚型SIV感染情况,且混合感染情况比较严重。     

河南省部分地区猪流感血清学调查

采用血凝抑制试验对河南省新乡、焦作、漯河等地采集的139份猪血清样品进行了猪流感病毒H1、H3、H5、H9亚型抗体的检测。结果显示,在被调查的139份血清中,H1亚型SIV抗体阳性率为43．17％,H3亚型SIV抗体阳性率为0,H5亚型SIV抗体阳性率为2．16％,H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1．44％;H1＋H5亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1．44％：H1＋H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为1．44％;H1＋H5＋H9亚型SIV抗体阳性率为0。表明在所调查的猪群中,猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,大部分猪场都曾被H1亚型感染,部分猪群有多种亚型混合感染存在。     

福建省猪流感血清学调查

猪流感是一种高度接触的急性传染病,为了了解福建省猪流感的感染情况,我们于2006年5月中旬对福建省8个地区的25个猪场进行了猪流感血清学调查。结果猪流感H1亚型抗体阳性率为6.81%,H3亚型抗体阳性率为35.11%。H1亚型仅在宁德、龙岩和南平地区检测到,H3亚型则在8个设区市均检测到。散养户的猪感染H1亚型猪流感(12.04%)较规模场的(2.33%)要高,H3亚型猪流感在规模场和散养户中感染的情况大致相同,分别为36.24%和33.63%。沿海地区H1亚型感染率(2.41%)明显低于山区猪场(17.39%),H3亚型在沿海地区比山区要高,而同时出现H1亚型和H3亚型抗体阳性的猪场只有4个,且主要在龙岩(3/4)和南平(1/4)。调查结果表明,我省H3亚型猪流感感染较为普遍。     

天津地区猪流感血清学调查

2002年-2005年期间,采用血凝抑制试验对天津市10个区县44个养猪场进行了猪流感病毒抗体检测,结果75%的被调查猪场抗体检测结果有阳性,检测的648份血清样品中,69.6%为阳性。流感病毒抗体亚型调查结果显示该地区流行的猪流感病毒主要为H1和H3亚型,抗体阳性率分别为55.4%和39.4%。部分猪群中存在抗H9亚型流感病毒抗体,阳性率为5.4%,但未发现H5亚型流感病毒抗体。此外,部分猪群中同时存在2种或3种亚型(H1,H3和H9)流感病毒的抗体,表明这些猪曾经同时被2种或3种不同亚型的流感病毒感染。     

广东省部分地区规模化猪场猪流感病毒感染的血清学调查与分析

为了解广东省规模化猪场猪流感病毒(SIV)感染情况,本研究采用ELISA方法和血凝抑制试验(HI),对2011年～2012年采集的1 050份血清样品进行SIV血清学检测.两种检测方法结果显示1 050份血清样品中SIV抗体阳性率分别为50.4％(ELISA)和50.2％(HI).其中珠三角地区和粤东地区的感染率高于粤西地区.SIV亚型调查结果显示该地区流行的SIV主要为H1和H3亚型,抗体阳性率分别为39.2％和18.2％(ELISA).部分猪场存在H9亚型SIV抗体.部分猪群中同时存在H1和H3两种亚型SIV抗体,表明猪群中存在不同亚型SIV混合感染.本研究为广东省猪流感的预防提供参考依据.     

广东部分地区H1和H3亚型猪流感抗体监测和病毒分离

从广东省17个未免疫猪流感病毒(SIV)疫苗的规模化猪场和3个肉联厂的待屠宰猪群中采集2 155份血清样品,采用ELISA方法进行猪流感的血清学调查。结果发现,种猪和肉猪H1亚型猪流感抗体阳性率分别为39.6%(329/830)和37.6%(498/1325),H3亚型抗体阳性率分别为10.8%(90/830)和4.6%(61/1325),H1+H3阳性率分别为5.2%(43/830)和1.8%(25/1325)。从281份猪鼻拭样品和肺样品中分离并鉴定出5株猪流感病毒,其中H1N1亚型3株,H3N2亚型和H1N2亚型各1株。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。