中华人民共和国农业部公告第1246号 质量标准等不得标注对一类动物疫病具有治疗的功效

依照《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《重大动物疫情应急条例》、《兽药管理条例》以及一类动物疫病防治技术规范规定，发生口蹄疫、高致病性禽流感等陆生动物疫病时，应当采取封锁、隔离、扑杀、销毁、消毒、无害化处理、紧急免疫接种等强制性措施，不得对发病动物采取治疗措旌。兽药产品的质量标准、规程、标签和说明书不得标注对一类动物疫病具有治疗的功效。     

病害动物无害化处理设施建设规模探讨

病害动物无害化处理,是指用物理、化学或生物学等方法处理带有或疑似带有病原体的动物尸体、动物产品或其他物品,达到消灭传染源,切断传播途径,阻止病原扩散的目的[1].此外,病害动物无害化处理还具有保障公共卫生安全,促进养殖业持续健康发展和提高我国动物产品国际市场竞争力等重要意义[2].近年来,在防控重大动物疫情中,我国动物防疫体系暴露出病害动物无害化处理设施明显不足的问题.     

对设置病害动物、动物产品无害化处理机构的探讨

随着畜牧业的发展和检疫、监督工作的逐步到位,设置病害动物、动物产品无害化处理专门机构的问题,逐渐引起人们的关注。《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》第１６条、２１条、２２条、３８条、４１条、４６条等条款,都提到染疫动物、染疫动物产品、检疫不合格的动物产品等的无害化处理,国家技术监督局也颁布了《畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程》,但都未明确由哪个机构来处理,执行起来,困难不少。“由货主在动物检疫员监督下作防疫消毒和其他无害化处理”,货主到哪里去处理呢？数量少,可能还勉强拿去掩埋,扔到厕所或烧掉又会污染环…     

2008年重大动物疫病防控战吹响号角

为认真贯彻落实农业部《关于切实做好2008年重大动物疫病免疫工作的通知》精神,提高各级动物防疫管理和技术人员免疫、消毒、无害化处理等重大动物疫病防控技术水平,切实做好禽流感、高致病性猪蓝耳病等重大动物疫病防控和雨雪冰冻灾害地区开展灾后动物疫病防控工作．2008年2月24—25日．农业部兽医局和中国动物疫病预防控制中心在北京联合举办了全国重大动物疫病免疫暨灾后动物防疫技术培训班。     

高致病性禽流感疫情处置技术规范

为进一步加强高致病性禽流感防控工作，规范疫情处置程序和措施，农业部根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《国家突发重大动物疫情应急预案》和《全国高致病性禽流感应急预案》，按照“早、快、严”的疫情处置原则制定了《高致病性禽流感疫情处置技术规范》。     

对《重大动物疫情应急条例》的几点理解体会

在我国部分地区发生了较为严重的高致病性禽流感疫情,全国防控高致病性禽流感工作面临十分严峻形势的关键时刻,国务院颁布了《重大动物疫情应急条例》(以下简称《条例》)。《条例》是我国继《动物防疫法》之后又一部重要的动物防疫行政法规,对于全面加强高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病的防治,保障养殖业健康发展,保护人民身体健康与维护正常的社会秩序,具有十分重大的作用与意义。下面谈几点个人的粗浅认识和理解1《条例》明确了重大动物疫情应急是政府行为,确立了重大动物疫情应急控制的总体工作机制《条例》规定,重大动物疫情应急工作按照…     

我国病死动物无害化处理技术规范出台

从农业部获悉,近日,农业部制定印发了《病死动物无害化处理技术规范》,以进一步规范病死动物尸体及相关动物产品无害化处理操作技术,预防重大动物疫病,维护动物产品质量安全。《病死动物无害化处理技术规范》依据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》及有关法律法规制定,共包括适用范围、引用规范和标准、术语和定义、无害化处理方法、收集运输要求、其他要求六大部分。规定了病死动物尸体及相关动物产品无害化处理方法的技术工艺和操作注意事项,以及在处理过程中包装、暂存、运输、人员防护和无害化处理记录要求。     

高致病性禽流感疫情应急实施方案(2020年版)

为及时、有效地预防、控制和扑灭高致病性禽流感,确保养殖业持续发展和人民健康安全,维护经济发展和社会稳定,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》《重大动物疫情应急条例》《国家突发重大动物疫情应急预案》《全国高致病性禽流感应急预案》等有关规定,制定本实施方案.一、疫情报告与确认任何单位和个人发现禽类出现发病急、传播迅速、死亡率高等异常情况,应及时向当地畜牧兽医主管部门、动物卫生监督机构或动物疫病预防控制机构报告.     

畜禽病害肉尸及其产品的无害化处理

畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理是动物防疫工作的重要组成部分，是防止动物疫病传播、消灭动物疫病疫源、促进畜牧业健康发展和保护人体健康的重要手段。国家对畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理极为重视，颁布了《动物防疫法》、《畜禽病害肉尸及其产品无害化处理规程》等法律法规。但因种种原因无害     

预防控制高致病性禽流感的措施

发生高致病性禽流感疫情后养殖户不可以自行处理。国家动物防疫法明确规定，对疫点所有禽及禽类产品必须在动物防疫监督机构的监督下进行扑杀和无害化处理。所有可能受到污染的物品也必须进行消毒和无害化处理。另外对疫区的封锁、疫区内家禽的强制扑杀、环境消毒控制、疫情的确认     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.