L-Arg和NaHCO3降低肉鸡腹水综合症病死率的田间试验

18 0 0只 3周龄肉仔鸡随机分成 3组 ,每组 6 0 0只。第Ⅰ组为正常对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮 ;第Ⅱ组为NaHCO3 试验组 ,饲喂基础日粮加 0 .3%NaHCO3 ;第Ⅲ组为L -Arg试验组 ,饲喂基础日粮加 1%L -Arg。在常规条件下饲养 8周 ,对自然死亡的肉仔鸡进行病理剖检 ,凡腹腔有大量腹水 ,PCV和AHI显著升高的 ,判定为死于肉鸡腹水综合症。结果对照组腹水综合症病死率为 3.17% ,显著地高于NaHCO3 组的 1.33%和L -Arg组的 1.17% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;NaHCO2 组病死率略高于L -Arg组 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。试验表明 ,在生产实际中 ,日粮添加 1%的L -Arg或 0 .3%的NaHCO3均可以很好地预防因腹水综合症引起的死亡 ;在日粮精氨酸含量为 1.35 %和 1.18%的基础上额外添加 1%的L -Arg是有益的     

益生康取代抗生素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

将6万只22日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成3组，分别为对照组、试验组1和试验组2．每组5个重复，每个重复为4000只鸡，对照组饲喂基础日粮 抗生素，试验组1饲喂基础日粮 0.1％益生康，试验组2饲喂基础日粮 0．15％益生康，进行25d生长试验，研究益生康取代抗生素对内仔鸡生产性能的影响。试验结果表明：益生康取代抗生素可以显著提高增重和成活率，降低料肉比。     

低温及L—精氨酸对肉用鸡腹水综合征的影响

用高能日粮饲养400只1日龄AA肉用鸡，14日龄时保优淘弱，随机分为3组，其中100只为常温（20℃）对照组；150只为低温（11℃）试验组；100只为低温（11℃）及日粮添加10g/kgL-精氨酸试验组，用单因子低温诱发肉用鸡腹水综合征，并不于同时间用红细胞压积、腹水心脏指数和腹水阳性率作为常规指标来判定肉用鸡腹水综合征，结果表明，低温组复制出肉鸡腹水综合征动模型，其发病率为9．33％，对照组为3．00％，与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）；L－精氨酸组腹水综合征发病率为3．00％。与低温组比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）。     

BF-839脆弱拟杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄哈巴德健康肉仔鸡21200只，随机分成2组，以研究饲料中添加BF一839脆弱拟杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮；试验组采用饲喂相同日粮，饮水添加BF-839脆弱拟杆菌制剂，剂量为1ml／（60羽·d）。结果表明，在48个饲养日内，试验组肉仔鸡体重达到2．965kg，比对照组日增重提高7．11％，料重比降低5．83％，死亡率降低0．73个百分点。通过对20只出栏肉仔鸡解剖及消化液分析，结果显示相关免疫器官及主要消化酶均显著好于对照组，应用效果明显。     

谷氨酰胺对环磷酰胺免疫抑制的调节作用及其机制研究

本文通过研究环磷酰胺（CY）免疫抑制的机制，来进一步探讨谷氨酰胺（Gln）在促进机体免疫功能及其对环磷酰胺免疫抑制的干预作用和机制。本试验选择1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡320只，分4个处理组，环磷酰胺的注射剂量分别为0、2、4、8mg／kg，免疫抑制于试验第3周进行。Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础日粮，其余分别在基础日粮上添加质量分数为0．1％、0．2％、0．4％的Gln进行饲喂，建立谷氨酰胺对环磷酰胺免疫抑制的调节作用的动物模型。研究结果表明，日粮中添加Gln可以改善试验组肉仔鸡的生长性能，使肉仔鸡外周血中T淋巴细胞的转化率、相关组织器官免疫指数、白细胞数和血清中IL-2的含量显著升高；同时，外周血中淋巴细胞凋亡率和血清sIL-2R、丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低。因此，在此模型中，补充Gln可以有效地调节和提高肉仔鸡的免疫功能，提高试验组肉仔鸡的生长性能。预防免疫抑制的发生。     

核黄素对肉仔鸡免疫功能和生产性能的影响

100只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成4组，每组25只，I－Ⅲ组为试验组，第Ⅳ组为对照组。对照组喂以基础日粮，其他3组分别喂以含核黄素3．6、7．2、14．4mg/kg的日粮，饲喂6周后观察它们对肉仔鸡外周血细胞、免疫器官及生产性能的影响，结果表明：各试验组鸡血浆中白细胞及异嗜细胞数目均高于对照组，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ组异嗜细胞数与对照组差异显著（P＜0．05）；脾体比试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组有显著差异，I组与对照组无差异；各试验组生产性能也均高于对照组。试验结果表明，核黄素可提高机体的抗感染能力及和免疫力，并可提高肉仔鸡生产性能。     

能量,食盐,性别及生长速度对肉鸡腹水症影响的研究

采用３因子２水平的试验设计，分别将雄性和雌性各１２００只的Ｒｏｓｅ健康肉仔鸡随机分成４组，研究了能量、食盐、性别及生长速度对肉鸡腹水症的影响。试验结果表明，饲喂高能量高蛋白日粮的肉仔鸡，其腹水症的发病率（８．７％）明显高于饲喂低能量低蛋白日粮的发病率（３．１％），差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；雄仔鸡腹水症的发病率（６．８％）高于雌仔鸡的发病率（４．８％），差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；０．７％食盐日粮组鸡腹水症的发病率（６．２％）稍高于０．３％食盐日粮组鸡的发病率（５．５％），但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；生长速度快、中、慢的肉仔鸡发病率分别为１１．４％、５．０％、１．６％，各组间差异明显。     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响。选用288只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮（不合抗生素）;第Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加50mg／kg的杆菌肽锌;第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组为牛磺酸添加组,在基础日粮中分别添加0．05％、0．10％、0．15％和0．20％的牛磺酸,试验期42天。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加0．10％牛磺酸,能够显著提高肉仔鸡42日龄平均末重和平均日增重,显著降低料重比（P〈0．05）;（2）添加0．10％的牛磺酸能显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡血清中葡萄糖（GLU）、尿酸（UA）含量（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清总蛋白（TPO）含量（P〈0．05）;0．15％和0．20％的牛磺酸能显著降低血清中GLU含量（P〈0．05）,0．15％牛磺酸使血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）含量显著提高（P〈0．05）;添加牛磺酸可以使42日龄肉仔鸡血清甘油三酯（TG）含量有不同程度降低,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

香辛型中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响

选用120只21日龄肉仔鸡，随机分成对照组和试验组2组，每组3个重复，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0．5％香辛型中草药添加剂的日粮，经21天的饲喂试验，研究香辛型中草药添加剂对肉用仔鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响，结果表明：在肉用仔鸡日粮中添加香辛型中草药添加剂可显著提高肉用仔鸡的体重、平均日增重、腿肌率和胸肌pH值，显著降低腹脂率和皮脂厚。     

有益生物菌群对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用360只艾维菌肉仔鸡，随机分成4组．对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中分别添加金霉素（5mg／kg）、1％和2％的有益生物菌群，比较试验鸡的生产性能。研究结果表明：日粮中添加1％和2％的有益生物菌群可显著提高肉鸡的日增重、饲料效率、成活率和屠宰率（P〈0．05）；有益生物菌群可替代金霉素提高肉鸡生产性能。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.