小鼠CD19基因部分片段的克隆及其鉴定

[目的]为了研究小鼠CD19胞膜外区的结构与功能。[方法]应用反转录—聚合酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR),通过一对自行设计的引物,从小鼠脾脏RNA中扩增出一条特异性基因片段,大小约为910 bp,对该片段进行酶切和测序鉴定。[结果]所获得的DNA片段的酶切位点与所报道的小鼠CD19基因一致,从而确定其为小鼠CD19胞膜外区基因。[结论]该研究为小鼠CD19胞膜外区的结构与功能的进一步研究提供了试验基础。     

山核桃FLOWERING LOCUST同源基因的克隆与序列分析

根据不同植物FLOWERING LOCUST（FT）同源基因序列的保守区,设计合成1对长度为18bp的PCR简并引物,以山核桃基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长度为152bp的DNA片段,克隆到pMD19-T载体上。测序及序列分析结果表明,扩增所获得的片段序列为FT基因第四外显子部分序列,不含内含子,推测共编码50个氨基酸;其序列在GenBank中注册号为FJ858260．1,同源性比对结果表明,其氨基酸序列与其他植物FT基因的同源性高达88％～96％。     

血清淀粉样P成分转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的:建立可表达血清淀粉样P成分(SAP)转基因小鼠模型,以研究SAP基因的功能。方法:采用基因重组技术将SAP基因插入到pCMV-Tag5A真核表达载体上。经BciVI限制性内切酶酶切后,琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收2.7 kb目的片断,受精卵原核显微注射法将其注入雄原核,制备转基因小鼠。采用PCR法在基因水平筛选SAP转基因小鼠阳性小鼠;免疫沉淀法结合免疫印迹法在蛋白水平检测SAP基因在PCR阳性转基因小鼠中的表达情况。结果:成功构建了pCMV-Tag5A/mSAP真核表达载体。经显微注射法将2.7 kb线性目的基因片断注射入受精卵雄原核,移植入代孕母鼠,所生127只小鼠,其中PCR鉴定获得10只转基因阳性小鼠。免疫沉淀法和免疫印记法随机检测83#♂founder、7#♀founder与C57 BL/6J小鼠回交F1代PCR阳性转基因小鼠血清中外源SAP基因蛋白水平的表达,发现均有表达。结论:该研究以C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,成功地产生能稳定遗传SAP基因的过表达转基因小鼠模型,它将有利于研究SAP基因在炎症、淀粉样沉淀、自身免疫系统中的作用。     

小鼠恒定链基因的克隆及鉴定

[目的]为了比较小鼠Ii链在机体免疫应答中的作用。[方法]通过自行设计的一对引物,应用RT-PCR方法,从小鼠脾脏中扩增出恒定链基因片段。[结果]经酶切和初步测序,结果表明该基因片段长度为700 bp,其DNA序列与Genbank登录的鼠Ii同源性高达99.2%。[结论]该研究为进一步研究小鼠Ii基因结构和免疫学功能提供了一定基础。     

猪IgG H链基因CH2-CH3的克隆和分析

根据已发表的猪IgG H链序列,设计了1对通用引物,从猪外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列,并克隆入pMD18-T Simple载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经SalI和XbaI双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性克隆。核酸序列测定分析表明,IgG H链基因CH2-CH3序列全长为669 bp,编码CH2-CH3的221个氨基酸和J区的1个脯氨酸。利用DNASTAR软件将其与猪IgG H链各CH2-CH3序列进行比较,发现其与U03778-1、U03779-2a、U03780-2b、U03781-3、U03782-4的核苷酸序列同源率分别为92.1%、98.4%、98.5%、93.0%和97.2%,推导的氨基酸序列同源率分别为86.5%、96.4%、96.5%、87.0%和94.2%。经进化树分析提示,该序列可能为一个新的亚型。     

山核桃APETALA1同源基因的克隆与序列分析

根据植物花分生组织及花器官形成过程中起重要作用的APETALA1（AP1）基因的高度保守区序列,设计合成一对长度为23bp的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）引物,以山核桃Carya cathayensis因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长为486bp的DNA片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体。测序和序列分析结果表明,获得了山核桃AP1同源基因中的1个片段,该片段序列包含2个内含子,长度分别为86bp和291bp,编码区共编码36个氨基酸。其序列已在Gen荷Bank中注册（注册号为EU155118）,在Gen Bank中进行同源性检索结果表明,其氨基酸序列与其他植物AP1同源基因的氨基酸序列同源性高达69％～88％,推测它们在功能上也是相似的。     

普通枇杷和栎叶枇杷APETALA1同源基因的克隆和序列分析

分析植物花分生组织特征基因APETALA1(AP1)同源基因的保守区序列,设计特异引物;用PCR方法从枇杷栽培品种香钟11号和野生种栎叶枇杷基因组DNA中各扩增出1个350 bp左右的片段;将该片段分别克隆到pUCm-T载体.测序和序列分析结果表明获得了枇杷AP1同源基因的片段.该基因片段的序列在2个不同种的枇杷间差异较小,均含有2个内含子,特别是外显子部分只有1个碱基的差别;编码区共编码36个氨基酸,氨基酸序列也只有1个氨基酸的差异.其序列已经在GenBank中登记(登录号分别为AY549306和AY571786).同源性比较发现该基因片段与其他作物中已经报道的AP1同源基因的同源性大都在80%以上,特别是与同属于蔷薇科的苹果的同源性最高,达到91%(栽培种)和94%(野生种),推测它们具有相似的功能.     

Human immunoglobulin D: genomic sequence of the delta heavy chain

The DNA coding for the human immunoglobulin D(IgD) heavy chain (delta, delta) has been sequenced including the membrane and secreted termini. Human delta, like that of the mouse, has a separate exon for the carboxyl terminus of the secreted form. This feature of human and mouse IgD distinguishes it from all other immunoglobulins regardless of species or class. The human gene is different from that of the mouse; it has three, rather than two, constant region domains; and its lengthy hinge is encoded by two exons rather than one. Except for the third constant region, the human and mouse genes are only distantly related.     

All members of the MHC multigene family respond to thyroid hormone in a highly tissue-specific manner

In mammals different isoforms of myosin heavy chain are encoded by the members of a multigene family. The expression of each gene of this family is regulated in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner as well as by hormonal and various pathological stimuli. In this study the molecular basis of isoform switches induced in myosin heavy chain by thyroid hormone was investigated. The expression of the myosin heavy chain gene family was analyzed in seven different muscles of adult rats subjected to hypo- or hyperthyroidism with complementary DNA probes specific for six different myosin heavy chain genes. The results demonstrate that all six genes are responsive to thyroid hormone. More interestingly, the same myosin heavy chain gene can be regulated by thyroid hormone in highly different modes, even in opposite directions, depending on the tissue in which it is expressed. Furthermore, the skeletal embryonic and neonatal myosin heavy chain genes, so far considered specific to these two developmental stages, can be reinduced by hypothyroidism in specific adult muscles.     

Somatic mutation in genes for the variable portion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain

The size of the gene pool potentially encoding antibodies to p-azophenyl arsonate has been examined. A heavy chain-specific full-length complementary DNA clone has been constructed with the use of messenger RNA from a hybridoma that produces antibodies to the arsonate hapten and bears nearly a full complement of the determinants comprising the cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). The sequences of both the complementary DNA clone and the corresponding immunoglobulin heavy chain have been independently determined. A probe for the variable region gene was prepared from the original heavy chain complementary DNA clone and used to analyze, by Southern filter hybridization, genomic DNA from both A/J (CRI positive) and BALB/c (CRI negative) mice. Approximately 20 to 25 restriction fragments containing "germline" variable region gene segments were detected in both strains, and many are shared by both, Since 35 CRI-positive heavy chains have been partially sequenced thus far and 31 are different, the results of the hybridization analysis suggest that somatic mutation events involving the variable region gene segments of the heavy chain play a role in the origin of the amino acid sequence diversity seen in this system.     

Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences

A method is described for directly cloning enzymatically amplified segments of genomic DNA into an M13 vector for sequence analysis. A 110-base pair fragment of the human beta-globin gene and a 242-base pair fragment of the human leukocyte antigen DQ alpha locus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method, a procedure based on repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealing, and extension by DNA polymerase I. Oligonucleotide primers with restriction endonuclease sites added to their 5' ends were used to facilitate the cloning of the amplified DNA. The analysis of cloned products allowed the quantitative evaluation of the amplification method's specificity and fidelity. Given the low frequency of sequence errors observed, this approach promises to be a rapid method for obtaining reliable genomic sequences from nanogram amounts of DNA.     

C57BL/6和A/J两品系小鼠脾脏消减cDNA文库的构建及差异基因分析

【目的】检测健康C57BL/6和A/J小鼠常规免疫指标,构建脾脏消减cDNA文库并筛选差异表达基因,以探讨两品系小鼠对猪链球菌抗病性差异的分子机制。【方法】利用ELISA法检测血清常规免疫指标,抑制性消减杂交（suppression subtraction hybridization,SSH）技术构建8周龄小鼠脾脏差异表达基因的cDNA文库。【结果】试验结果表明,A/J品系小鼠血清中IgA水平明显高于C57BL/6品系小鼠（P＜0.05）,而血清IgG和IFN水平在两品系小鼠间均无显著差异。对筛选的149个阳性克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA序列载体并聚类拼接后获得56条差异表达序列标签（ESTs）。利用Genebank的BLAST分析核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,26个不同的基因或ESTs具有高度的同源性,2条ESTs未找到同源序列。【结论】筛选到很多EST与信号转导、细胞凋亡及免疫等重要功能基因高度同源,为研究猪链球菌的致病机理和防治提供了实验依据。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒地方株的分离鉴定

对河南荥阳某养鸡场发病鸡喉头和气管等病料进行病毒分离,采用鸡胚尿囊膜接种和琼脂扩散试验对分离病毒进行鉴定。结果表明,所分离病毒为鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV),获得了1株ILTV河南分离株。参考GenBank收录的鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒基因序列设计、并合成1对引物,以ILTV地方分离株的DNA为模板,PCR扩增出1条特异性条带,测序结果与GenBank收录序列的同源性达99.9%,说明分离病毒的这一段DNA序列相对保守。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒的RT-PCR快速检测

根据马铃薯卷叶病毒的外壳蛋白基因序列,设计合成了一对寡核苷酸引物。从感染马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)的马铃薯叶片中提取出病毒RNA,进行cDNA合成并运用RT-PCR技术进行体外扩增,得到一条长度约627bp的特异PCR扩增产物,与理论设计的外壳蛋白基因大小一致,而对照未得到任何产物。从而建立了快速灵敏的PLRV检测方法,为PLRV的防治及检测提供了有效手段。     

Chromosomal locations of the murine T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and the T-cell gamma gene

Two independent methods were used to identify the mouse chromosomes on which are located two families of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like genes that are rearranged and expressed in T lymphocytes. The genes coding for the alpha subunit of T-cell receptors are on chromosome 14 and the gamma genes, whose function is yet to be determined, are on chromosome 13. Since genes for the T-cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig-like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B-cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains. The findings do not support earlier contentions that genes for T-cell receptors are linked to the Ig heavy chain locus (mouse chromosome 12) or to the major histocompatibility complex (mouse chromosome 17).     

Allelic exclusion in transgenic mice that express the membrane form of immunoglobulin mu

Antibody-producing cells display a special form of regulation whereby each cell produces immunoglobulin from only one of its two sets of antibody genes. This phenomenon, called allelic exclusion, is thought to be mediated by the product of one heavy chain allele restricting the expression of the other. Heavy chains are synthesized in two molecular forms, secreted and membrane bound. In order to determine whether it is specifically the membrane-bound form of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) heavy chain (mu) that mediates this regulation, transgenic mice were created that carry a human mu chain gene altered so that it can only direct the synthesis of the membrane-bound protein. The membrane-bound form of the human mu chain was made by most of the B cells in these animals as measured by assays of messenger RNA and surface immunoglobulins. Further, the many B cells that express the human gene do not express endogenous mouse IgM, and the few B cells that express endogenous mouse mu do not express the transgene. Thus, the membrane-bound form of the mu chain is sufficient to mediate allelic exclusion. In addition, the molecular structures recognized for this purpose are conserved between human and mouse systems.     

柑桔转化酶基因家族新成员的克隆和序列分析

分析植物可溶性转化酶基因的保守区序列，设计一对PCR引物，以甜橙基因组DNA为模板。采用PCR方法扩增出长约1000bp的DNA片段。克隆入pUCm-T载体，测序结果表明获得柑桔酸性转化酶基因家族的一个新的成员。基因片段长1096bp。包括4个外显子和3个内含子，其序列已在GenBank中登记（登记号为AF433643）。在GenBank中进行同源性检索的结果表明，该成员编码的氨基酸与植物可溶性酸性转化酶的氨基酸同源性较高。与宽皮柑桔（GenBank登记号，AF312229）可溶性酸性转化酶基因编码的氨基酸具有77%的同源性，而与定位于细胞壁的（不溶性）酸性转化酶同源性较低。最高权33%（Fragaria ananassa,GenBankAF000521)。聚类分析结果表明该成员与我们已报道的2个柑桔酸性转化酶基因不同，推测我们获得的基因是转化酶基因家族的又一新成员（CS-VI1）。它与CU-AI1和CSCWI-1的核苷酸同源性分别为45.28%和44.85%。氨基酸同源性分别为27.58%和10.35%。3个成员间核苷酸和氨基酸序列较低的同源性，不会在South-ern,Northern和Western杂交中产生交叉干扰反应。