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不同抗生素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探讨添加不同抗生素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响。本试验研究了添加不同剂量金霉素、硫酸抗敌素后21日龄肉鸡盲肠三种优势菌的菌群变化。结果表明:①添加金霉素、硫酸抗敌素可显著降低21日龄肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),且随着抗生素剂量的增加,其数量继续降低。②添加20mg/kg的硫酸抗敌素可显著提高21日龄肉鸡盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P<0.05);添加50mg/kg的金霉素和10mg/kg硫酸抗敌素,提高不显著(P>0.05)。③添加不同剂量金霉素、硫酸抗敌素对21日龄肉鸡盲肠中乳酸杆菌的数量无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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为探讨添加不同抗生素对肉鸡肠道微生物的影响,本试验研究了添加不同剂量金霉素、硫酸抗敌素后21日龄肉鸡盲肠三种优势菌的菌群变化。结果表明:(1)添加金霉素、硫酸抗敌素可显著降低21日龄肉鸡盲肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),且随着抗生素剂量的增加,其数量继续降低。(2)添加20mg/kg的硫酸抗敌素可显著提高21日龄肉鸡盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量(P<0.05);添加50mg/kg的金霉素和10mg/kg硫酸抗敌素提高不显著(P>0.05)。(3)添加不同剂量金霉素、硫酸抗敌素对21日龄肉鸡盲肠中乳酸杆菌的数量无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2019,(24):8-13
试验旨在研究植物精油以及与酸化剂组合对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态结构以及免疫能力的影响。选取240只科宝肉鸡,随机分为抗生素组、精油+抗生素组、精油组和精油+酸化剂组。对照组饲喂添加了抗生素的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加精油以及酸化剂替代对照组中的抗生素,饲养42 d后对试验肉仔鸡脏器指数、肠道绒毛高度、粪便中微生物菌群以及屠宰率进行检测分析。结果显示:0~42 d相对抗生素组,精油+酸化剂组可以显著提高肉鸡平均日增重并降低料肉比;精油替代一半抗生素可以显著提高十二指肠绒毛发育以及粪便中双歧杆菌数量;精油+酸化剂组可以显著提高血清中溶菌酶含量;精油完全替代抗生素可以显著降低粪便中沙门氏菌的数量。从总体来看,植物精油以及与酸化剂组合可以通过促进肠道绒毛发育和提升免疫能力促进肉鸡的生长。 相似文献
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活性酵母对脂多糖应激黄羽肉鸡肠道健康的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验旨在研究活性酵母对脂多糖(LPS)应激黄羽肉鸡肠道健康的影响。选取480羽1日龄黄羽肉公鸡,随机分成6个组,分别为抗生素组(基础饲粮+0.025‰抗生素)、抗生素+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.025‰抗生素,注射LPS)、0.05%活性酵母组(基础饲粮+0.05%活性酵母)、0.05%活性酵母+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.05%活性酵母,注射LPS)、0.50%活性酵母组(基础饲粮+0.50%活性酵母)和0.50%活性酵母+LPS组(基础饲粮+0.50%活性酵母,注射LPS),每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期56 d。抗生素+LPS组、0.05%活性酵母+LPS组和0.50%活性酵母+LPS组的试验鸡于21、23、25和27日龄每只鸡肌肉注射2 mL 0.2 mg/mL LPS,其余试验鸡肌肉注射等量生理盐水。于21和27日龄注射LPS或生理盐水后2、4、6、8、10、12和24 h测量试验鸡的直肠温度,并检测27和56日龄试验鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数以及27、35和56日龄试验鸡的肠道食糜微生物数量和肠道形态结构。结果表明:1)与注射生理盐水相比,LPS刺激显著提高了21日龄注射后2 h和27日龄注射后2和4 h黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度(P0.05),显著降低了21日龄注射后12 h和27日龄注射后8 h黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母对黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的直肠温度无显著交互作用(P0.05)。2)与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激显著提高了27日龄黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠和回肠细胞凋亡指数(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母对黄羽肉鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的肠道细胞凋亡指数无显著交互作用(P0.05)。3)与抗生素相比,饲粮中添加0.05%和0.50%的活性酵母显著提高了27、35和56日龄黄羽肉鸡回肠食糜酵母菌数量(P0.05);与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激对黄羽肉鸡回肠和盲肠食糜微生物数量无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡肠道食糜微生物数量无显著交互作用(P0.05)。4)与抗生素相比,饲粮中添加0.50%活性酵母显著提高了35日龄黄羽肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度(P0.05);与注射生理盐水相比,LPS应激显著提高了56日龄黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠隐窝深度(P0.05);饲粮中添加活性酵母与肌肉注射LPS对黄羽肉鸡的肠道形态结构无显著交互作用(P0.05)。综上所述,LPS能成功诱导黄羽肉鸡的免疫应激反应,饲粮中添加活性酵母能够提高黄羽肉鸡肠道绒毛高度和食糜中酵母菌数量,改善肠道黏膜及菌群结构,但肌肉注射LPS与饲粮中添加活性酵母无显著交互作用。 相似文献
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山东省肉、蛋鸡场微生物耐药性调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《饲料广角》2015,(22)
为了解畜肉鸡肠道及环境中微生物对常用几种抗生素的耐药情况,现对山东省的13个肉、蛋鸡场进行采样检测。结果表明,肉鸡场粪样中分离出的总菌和耐药菌数量比蛋鸡场高出3~4个数量级;从药敏试验结果看,各分离出的菌对试验所选抗生素均有不同程度的耐药性,多重耐药、交叉耐药已经相当严重。 相似文献
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《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2015,(5)
本试验旨在研究不同抗生素组合对肉仔鸡生产性能、器官指数和肠道健康的影响。试验将324羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18羽鸡。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C组为试验组,分别饲喂添加恩拉霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素和维吉尼亚霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素的试验日粮;试验期为6周。结果表明,B和C组肉鸡1~21日龄平均日增重显著高于A组(P0.05),平均日采食量有提高趋势(P=0.053 0);B组肉鸡22~42日龄料重比显著低于A组(P0.05),平均日增重有提高趋势(P=0.099 3);两种抗生素组合的添加显著降低了1~42日龄肉鸡料重比(P0.05),对肉鸡日增重和末重有提高的趋势(P=0.083 5和P=0.0833)。综合来看,B组对肉鸡的促生长效果好于C组,但差异不显著(P0.05);抗生素组合的添加对肉鸡十二指肠食糜消化酶活性无显著影响(P0.05),但能不同程度提高空肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度比,降低隐窝深度。综上,日粮中添加两种抗生素组合均能促进肉鸡生长,其中恩拉霉素+硫酸粘杆菌素对肉鸡的促生长效果最好。 相似文献
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<正>过去几十年中,减少氮、矿物质对环境的污染问题一直是欧盟国家重要的目标,因而禁止使用预防性抗生素生长促进剂。一个良好的可以准确估计蛋白质品质的评价系统,将最大程度地减少排氮量对环境的污染,改善肉鸡肠道健康,提高生产性能。抗生素生长促进剂(AGPs)对肠道中细菌的数量有直接影响,并且对肠道微生物的分布影响很大。动物营养研究未来主要是针对动物福利 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献