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为研究复合酶制剂对玉米秸秆青贮发酵品质的影响,本试验共设4个处理组,试验Ⅰ组:玉米秸秆+0.6kg/t复合酶制剂;试验Ⅱ组玉米秸秆+1.0 kg/t复合酶制剂;试验Ⅲ组:玉米秸秆+1.4 kg/t复合酶制剂;对照组:玉米秸秆。结果表明:(1)试验Ⅰ组除酸性洗涤纤维和pH值显著低于对照组外,其他指标差异均不显著。(2)试验Ⅱ组干物质和粗蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而pH值中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组氨态氮、丁酸含量较对照组有所下降,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。(3)试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质、乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合评价,添加复合酶制剂能改善玉米秸秆青贮品质,并以1.0 kg/t水平效果最好。 相似文献
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本试验以酶制剂、酶-菌复合制剂对玉米秸秆进行生物发酵处理,分析其对玉米秸秆发酵品质、营养成分和纤维微观结构的影响,旨在探索通过打破纤维微观结构提高玉米秸秆利用率的作用机制。试验设置秸秆原料组(CS组)、青贮对照组(CK组)、复合酶制剂组(CPL组)、复合酶-单活菌组(CPLP组)、复合酶-双活菌组(CPLB组)。使用真空包装机抽空玉米秸秆青贮袋中的气体,室温发酵45 d后,分析各组青贮玉米秸秆的营养成分和发酵品质;采用苯酚硫酸法+4,4'二羧酸-2,2'-喹啉(BCA)法、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射和伊红美兰法分析各组玉米秸秆纤维微观结构。结果表明:1)与CK组相比,CPL组的p H、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)和乳酸/乙酸显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素、半纤维素含量无显著差异(P>0.05);CPLB组的乳酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);CPLP和CPLB组的p H、NH3-N/TN、乳酸/乙酸以及NDF、ADF、纤维素、半纤维素含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与CK组相比,CPL组的三级结构结晶度显著升高(P<0.05),一级结构聚合度和四级结构比表面积无显著差异(P>0.05),二级结构氢键作用力无明显变化;CPLP和CPLB组的一级结构聚合度显著降低(P<0.05),四级结构比表面积显著增高(P<0.05),二级结构氢键作用力减弱,三级结构结晶度无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,复合酶-单活菌和复合酶-双活菌显著改善了玉米秸秆的化学组成,通过降低玉米秸秆纤维素的一级结构聚合度和三级结构中纤维素非结晶区,减弱二级结构分子间氢键作用力,增加四级结构比表面积,有效地破解了玉米秸秆细胞壁的微观结构,从而提高了秸秆的利用率。 相似文献
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活菌制剂和复合酶制剂对青贮玉米秸秆化学组成及纤维微观结构的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本试验以酶制剂、酶-菌复合制剂对玉米秸秆进行生物发酵处理,分析其对玉米秸秆发酵品质、营养成分和纤维微观结构的影响,旨在探索通过打破纤维微观结构提高玉米秸秆利用率的作用机制。试验设置秸秆原料组(CS组)、青贮对照组(CK组)、复合酶制剂组(CPL组)、复合酶-单活菌组(CPLP组)、复合酶-双活菌组(CPLB组)。使用真空包装机抽空玉米秸秆青贮袋中的气体,室温发酵45 d后,分析各组青贮玉米秸秆的营养成分和发酵品质;采用苯酚硫酸法+4,4'二羧酸-2,2'-喹啉(BCA)法、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射和伊红美兰法分析各组玉米秸秆纤维微观结构。结果表明:1)与CK组相比,CPL组的p H、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)和乳酸/乙酸显著降低(P0.05),乳酸、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素、半纤维素含量无显著差异(P0.05);CPLB组的乳酸含量显著增加(P0.05);CPLP和CPLB组的p H、NH3-N/TN、乳酸/乙酸以及NDF、ADF、纤维素、半纤维素含量均显著降低(P0.05)。2)与CK组相比,CPL组的三级结构结晶度显著升高(P0.05),一级结构聚合度和四级结构比表面积无显著差异(P0.05),二级结构氢键作用力无明显变化;CPLP和CPLB组的一级结构聚合度显著降低(P0.05),四级结构比表面积显著增高(P0.05),二级结构氢键作用力减弱,三级结构结晶度无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,复合酶-单活菌和复合酶-双活菌显著改善了玉米秸秆的化学组成,通过降低玉米秸秆纤维素的一级结构聚合度和三级结构中纤维素非结晶区,减弱二级结构分子间氢键作用力,增加四级结构比表面积,有效地破解了玉米秸秆细胞壁的微观结构,从而提高了秸秆的利用率。 相似文献
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为明确燕麦干草与青贮玉米不同组合对绵羊生产性能和消化代谢的影响,选用9只体重和体况相似并已安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂种(美利奴♂×蒙古羊♀)公羊为试验动物,按燕麦干草占粗饲料百分比配制3组饲粮,A1组(100%青贮玉米),A2组(50%青贮玉米+50%燕麦干草)和A3组(100%燕麦干草)。试验采用3×3拉丁方设计,饲粮精粗比为35∶65,研究不同燕麦干草和青贮玉米组合对饲料转化率、消化代谢、表观消化率及氮存留率的影响。结果表明:(1)饲粮中添加燕麦干草对绵羊干物质采食量无显著影响(P0.05),但添加燕麦干草后绵羊日增重显著提高(P0.05),绵羊采食添加50%燕麦干草的饲粮其饲料转化率得到显著提高(P0.05);(2)饲粮中添加燕麦干草对绵羊消化代谢影响显著,添加50%燕麦干草后绵羊的DM、OM、NDF、ADF和N的表观消化率以及N存留率均显著提高(P0.05),添加100%燕麦干草组与100%青贮玉米组各指标之间差异不显著(P0.05)。3个处理组中,以A2组效果最佳,显著提高了绵羊的生产性能,改善了其消化代谢。 相似文献
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添加复合酶对玉米-豆粕-青干草型底物短期静态人工瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究采用短期静态人工瘤胃发酵的体外培养法,研究了8种复合酶对玉米-豆粕-青干草型底物瘤胃发酵的影响.复合酶由纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和果胶酶组成.结果表明:添加复合酶可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,提高饲料的消化率;各组复合酶处理的产气量、氨态氮浓度、VFA浓度与对照组相比有所增加(P<0.05).根据发酵参数判断,最佳复合酶中纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、果胶酶和稻壳粉(载体)所占比例分别为20%、5%、5%、2%、2%和66%. 相似文献
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复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡消化酶活性和代谢的影响 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
试验旨在研究基础日粮添加复合酶制剂对肉仔鸡小肠消化酶活性和代谢的影响.试验分为对照组和添加0.1%复合酶组,结果表明:酶制剂对玉米-豆粕型饲料的能量利用效率有所提高,但差异不显著;试验组净蛋白利用率较对照组提高8.56%(P<0.05);试验组20日龄肉鸡淀粉酶活性、蛋白酶活性和35日龄蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);35日龄肉鸡血糖浓度、20日龄和35日龄肉鸡血清尿素氮试验组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05). 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献