水牛初乳和常乳中锌、铁、铜含量的动态变化

 采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对摩本杂水牛（摩拉水牛×德宏水牛）初乳和常乳中Zn、Fe、Cu等三种微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明,在第1 、2 d的初乳中Zn含量显著高于其余几天的初乳和常乳（P<0.05）,第3 d开始Zn含量接近常乳,在3 d至90 d之间稍有波动,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。Fe和Cu含量随泌乳进行逐渐降低,其在初乳中的含量均高于常乳,常乳之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。其中第1 d初乳中Fe含量显著高于第7 d （P<0.05）,而与其余几天初乳相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,第1、2 d初乳中Fe含量均显著或极显著高于常乳（P<0.05）;第1 d初乳中Cu含量显著高于第3、5 d的初乳（P<0.05）,与第2、7 d相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,第1、2 d初乳中Cu含量极显著高于常乳（P<0.01）。研究显示水牛初乳中Zn、Fe、Cu等三种微量元素的含量大都高于常乳,反映了乳腺在初乳期矿物质的分泌特点。     

不同地点、胎次对牦牛乳中脂肪酶及淀粉酶活性的影响研究

为了比较分析青海天峻、甘肃甘南、甘肃天祝牦牛乳中脂肪酶(LPL)及淀粉酶(AMS)活性,试验采用紫外分光光度法对采自青海天峻、甘肃甘南各30份牦牛乳以及天祝抓喜秀龙乡红疙瘩村、岱乾村和碳山岭镇四台沟村的90份牦牛乳中的LPL及AMS活性进行检测和分析。结果表明:甘肃天祝牦牛乳中LPL活性与甘南地区相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但与青海天峻地区相比差异极显著(P<0.01);甘肃天祝牦牛乳中AMS活性与青海天峻相比无明显差异(P>0.05),但与甘南地区相比差异极显著(P<0.01);而天祝3个地区之间牦牛乳中LPL、AMS活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明不同胎次对牦牛乳中LPL及AMS活性均无显著影响(P>0.05);不同地点对牦牛乳中LPL、AMS活性有一定影响。     

水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化

试验旨在研究水牛初乳和常乳主要组分的动态变化规律。采用乳品分析仪对摩本杂水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)初乳和常乳中乳脂、乳糖、乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)等含量进行测定,用SDS-PAGE对乳蛋白各组分进行分离,并利用凝胶成像系统进行扫描定量。结果表明,初乳中乳糖含量随泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;乳蛋白、总固形物(TS)和非脂固形物(SNF)含量呈下降趋势;初乳中乳脂含量变化不规则,出现小幅波动;蛋白质各组分中乳铁蛋白(LF)、血清白蛋白(SA)、免疫球蛋白(Igs)含量第1天最高,以后开始下降;酪蛋白(CN)在乳蛋白百分比含量中占优势,随着泌乳天数的增加逐渐升高;β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)第1天含量低,第5 和7天达到最高值;α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)第1天最低,第2天急剧上升,以后变化平稳。常乳中大部分组分含量比较稳定,有时有波动,但各天数之间差异不显著。研究结果显示,水牛乳中大部分组分的含量在初乳中变化较大,初乳的营养价值高于常乳。     

麦洼牦牛初乳和常乳中超氧化物歧化酶活力的研究

研究了麦洼牦牛脱脂乳中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活力。结果显示 :牦牛初乳 (泌乳第 1～ 7天 )中SOD活力(Nu/mL)分别为 31 4 6 3± 39 5 1、35 5 73± 39 1、36 4 4 9±2 2 1 7、32 4 73± 30 6、31 3 96± 1 8 0 0、31 6 6 5± 1 9 5 1、31 7 5 2± 1 0 6 8,常乳中的活力为 2 92 4 9± 6 96Nu/mL。与常乳相比 ,泌乳第 3天的初乳中SOD活力显著高于常乳 ,其余各天差异不显著。半奶牦牛和犏牛乳中SOD活力分别为 1 89 75± 1 1 71和 1 2 5 6 5± 2 2 9,均极显著低于常乳     

农作物秸秆发酵床用于水牛养殖的效果试验

为了利用农作物秸秆代替部分木屑制作发酵床用于水牛养殖,并研究其对发酵效果、圈舍空气指标、水牛产奶情况的影响,试验选择水牛60头,平均分为3组,T1组牛床不铺设垫料,T2组为100%木屑垫料,T3组为50%木屑+30%玉米秆+10%稻草+10%甘蔗叶垫料,进行为期130 d的饲养试验,测定各组的牛床发酵指标和水牛产奶情况。结果:T2组发酵核心层的温度、垫料含水量,垫料中全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)含量等与T3组比较差异不显著(P>0.05);T2组与T3组垫料的微生物蛋白(MCP)含量变化规律基本一致;T1组圈舍空气中H 2S、NH 3含量极显著高于T2、T3组(P<0.01),T2组与T3组H 2S、NH 3含量较接近(P>0.05);各组日均产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05),第60、90、120 d T1组头均乳体细胞数显著高于T2、T3组(P<0.05),T2组与T3组乳体细胞数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:利用50%木屑+30%玉米秆+10%稻草+10%甘蔗叶垫料配比作为水牛发酵床垫料可降低圈舍空气中H 2S、NH 3含量,并改善牛体清洁度,显著降低乳中体细胞数,还能节约生产成本,促进生态健康养殖。     

5-羟色胺对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响。试验选用30只巴美肉羊母羊,按体重随机分为3组,分别为对照组、5-羟基色胺酸(5-HTP)组(灌注5-HTP)和色氨酸(Trp)组(灌注Trp),每组10只。在母羊围产期产前第7天至产后第0天,进行颈静脉灌注,5-HTP和Trp的灌注剂量均为0.178 mg/kg BW,浓度为0.1 mg/mL;对照组灌注同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为产前第7天至产后第30天。结果表明:1)各组间母羊体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。产后第5、9和15天,Trp组母羊泌乳量均低于对照组(P>0.05);产后第9和15天,5-HTP组母羊泌乳量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。产后第16~30天,5-HTP组羔羊平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产后第15天,Trp组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第3、6和15天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第6天,Trp组血浆5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第30天,Trp组乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第6、9和30天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第3、6和15天,Trp组和5-HTP组血浆甲状旁腺素相关蛋白(PTHrP)浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,灌注5-HTP可以促进母羊泌乳,提高羊羔平均日增重;灌注5-HTP和Trp可以增加血浆和乳中钙、5-HT浓度及血浆PTHrP浓度。     

不同常温保存稀释液对猪精液保存效果的影响

本研究利用3种不同的常温保存稀释液对猪精液进行常温保存,测定了精子活率、有效存活时间、生存指数、pH值以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)活性。结果表明:3号稀释液稀释后精子活率在第3天和第5天均显著高于其他2种稀释液(P<0.05);精子有效存活时间和生存指数显著高于2号稀释液(P<0.05);pH值在精液稀释后的第4天显著高于2号稀释液(P<0.05)。精子T-AOC在第3天和第4天显著高于1号稀释液(P<0.05),但与2号稀释液差异不显著(P>0.05);3种稀释液之间精子MDA变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,3号稀释液对精子的保存效果最好,有利于猪精液的常温保存。     

德氏乳杆菌和低聚木糖对环江香猪生长性能和血浆生化参数的影响

本试验旨在研究德氏乳杆菌和低聚木糖对环江香猪生长性能和血浆生化参数的影响。选取平均体重为9.5 kg左右的环江香猪96头,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复4头(公母各占1/2)。对照组猪只饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组猪只分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.05%德氏乳杆菌、0.05%德氏乳杆菌+0.02%低聚木糖的试验饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期84 d。试验期间,每日记录采食量,分别于试验第1、28、56和84天称取空腹体重,计算各阶段平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);分别于试验第28、56和84天采集血液样品,检测血浆生化参数。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验第29~56天试验1组、试验2组的ADG显著升高(P<0.05),试验第57~84天试验1组F/G显著降低(P<0.05),试验第1~84天试验1组和试验2组F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验第28天,试验1组血浆甘油三酯(TG)和总蛋白(TP)浓度以及试验2组血浆TP、白蛋白(ALB)和TG浓度与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高(P<0.05);试验第56天,试验1组血浆氨(NH3)浓度和淀粉酶(AMS)活性以及试验2组血浆AMS活性显著升高(P<0.05);试验第84天,试验1组血浆葡萄糖(GLU)和TG浓度以及AMS和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著降低(P<0.05),试验2组血浆TP浓度显著升高(P<0.05)且血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)和LDH活性显著降低(P<0.05)。另外,试验第56天,试验2组血浆TP、ALB、尿素氮(UN)、GLU、TG、胆固醇(CHO)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度以及肝脂酶(HL)活性显著高于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05),同时血浆AST和LDH活性显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,饲粮中单独添加德氏乳杆菌或同时添加德氏乳杆菌和低聚木糖可提高环江香猪的ADG、降低F/G,这可能与德氏乳杆菌和低聚木糖影响了机体氮代谢和糖脂代谢相关生化参数有关。     

摩拉水牛产后28天内乳成分分析

为探明摩拉水牛产后乳成分的变化规律,本实验采集9头摩拉水牛(2~3胎,6~8岁)产后第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、12、17、22、28天的乳样,共99份,用多功能乳成分分析仪测定蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、总乳固体及非脂乳固体等含量,并对不同泌乳天数乳成分间差异和各乳成分间相关性进行分析。结果表明:初乳第1天的蛋白质、总乳固体、非脂乳固体含量最高,之后均先降低后稳定,脂肪(2.87%)和乳糖(2.49%)最低,脂肪的变化不规律,乳糖含量则一直呈上升趋势;泌乳时间与蛋白质、脂肪、总乳固体和非脂乳固体呈负相关(P<0.01),与乳糖呈正相关(P<0.01);蛋白质与脂肪呈弱相关,与乳糖呈负相关(P<0.01);脂肪与乳糖、总乳固体和非脂乳固体无相关性(P>0.05)。本研究结果说明泌乳时间与乳糖含量有密切相关性,而各乳成分两两之间无显著影响。     

酸化乳对犊牛生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂酸化乳对犊牛生长性能和血清免疫指标的影响。本试验采用完全随机试验设计,选择3日龄左右、体重(40±5) kg的健康荷斯坦犊牛20头,随机分为2组,即酸化乳组和巴氏杀菌乳组,每组10头。酸化乳组饲喂酸化乳,巴氏杀菌乳组饲喂巴氏杀菌乳,2组均自由采食颗粒料,试验期共180 d,在试验第60天时断奶。每天记录犊牛的采食量,于犊牛生长期的第7、30、60、90、180天分别测量体尺、体重,计算平均日增重,同时采血用于测定血清免疫指标。结果表明:1)酸化乳组乳尿素氮含量极显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.01),乳大肠杆菌、总菌数量显著低于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.05),乳糖率、乳脂率和乳蛋白率组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)第31～50天时,酸化乳组犊牛液体饲料平均日采食量极显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P <0.01);第61～90天时,酸化乳组犊牛固体饲料平均日采食量极显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P <0.01)。3)第60～180天时,酸化乳组犊牛平均日增重显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P <0.05)。第60天时,酸化乳组犊牛体直长、体高和管围均显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.05);第90天时,犊牛体直长、体斜长、体高和管围均显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.05);第180天时,酸化乳组犊牛体直长、体斜长和体高均极显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.01)。4)第60天时,酸化乳组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.05);第90天时,酸化乳组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量极显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.01);第90和180天时,酸化乳组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于巴氏杀菌乳组(P<0.05)。第30天时,巴氏杀菌乳组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量均极显著高于酸化乳组(P<0.01),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著高于酸化乳组(P<0.05);第60天时,巴氏杀菌乳组血清IL-1β含量极显著高于酸化乳组(P<0.01),血清IL-6含量显著高于酸化乳组(P<0.05);第90天时,巴氏杀菌乳组血清IL-1β含量显著高于酸化乳组(P <0. 05)。综上所述,利用甲酸酸化牛乳对牛乳成分影响不大,可抑制牛乳中有害细菌生长,改善适口性,提高犊牛采食量,改善机体免疫力。     

乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响。300只1日龄肉鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只。Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg乳酸菌素的试验饲粮。试验期70 d,分别在肉鸡28日龄和70日龄时采样,计算料重比,并检测各组中血液生化指标和抗氧化功能各项指标。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组比较,试验1～28 dⅡ～Ⅴ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);1～70 dⅡ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ～Ⅴ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅳ组最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组肉鸡血清尿素氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ～Ⅴ组28日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇含量和70日龄肉鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著或显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01或P<0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组28日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白含量均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);各组70日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇和总蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间上述各血清生化指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)28日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05),但与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅴ组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。70日龄时,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组肉鸡血清SOD活性和T-AOC均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,饲粮中添加乳酸菌素可改善肉鸡生长性能,提高其抗氧化功能,以添加100 mg/kg乳酸菌素效果最佳。     

单宁和氧化锌组合对断奶仔猪粪便菌群、血清抗氧化及肝脏功能指标的影响

本试验旨在研究单宁和氧化锌不同水平组合对断奶仔猪粪便菌群及血清免疫、抗氧化和肝脏功能相关血液生化指标的影响。选用体重相近,25日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪270头,随机分成9组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮加高锌（3 000 mg/kg氧化锌）的日粮,试验1~8组（T1~T8）分别饲喂基础日粮添加以下氧化锌与单宁组合的日粮：（2 000+0）、（2 000+1 000）、（1 000+0）、（1 000+1 000）、（1 000+1 500）、（1 000+2 000）、（0+1 500）、（0+2 000） mg/kg。试验期30 d。分别于试验的第14与28天采集仔猪新鲜粪样,测定粪便中各细菌的数量。试验结束采集血样,测定血清免疫、抗氧化及肝脏功能相关指标。结果显示,试验第14天,各组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌、乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。试验第28天,T1、T6组断奶仔猪粪便乳酸菌数量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而双歧杆菌数量则显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但各组大肠杆菌数量均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各组断奶仔猪血清中IgG和IgA含量、MDA含量及GSH-Px活力均无显著差异（P>0.05）。但T5、T6、T7、T8组断奶仔猪血清GSH含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。除了T2和T5组,其余各组猪血清谷草转氨酶活性均显著或极显著低于高锌对照组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。本试验结果表明,与单一使用高剂量氧化锌相比,单宁与氧化锌适量水平组合有利于乳酸菌及双歧杆菌的增殖、提高断奶仔猪抗氧化能力并对肝脏产生保护作用。     

竹酢粉对妊娠后期母羊血液及初乳抗氧化、免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究竹酢粉对妊娠后期母羊血液及其初乳抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。试验选择胎次一致、身体状况良好的妊娠后期（妊娠约120 d）湖羊10只,随机分成2组,分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）和基础日粮+2%竹酢粉（试验组）,试验期3周（1周预饲期+2周正式试验期）,试验结束采集血液测定生化、免疫和抗氧化指标;分娩1周内采集初乳测定免疫和抗氧化指标。结果显示：①试验组母羊血液总蛋白（TP）含量和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶（GOT/GPT）和血小板数量则显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而红细胞数量、血红蛋白浓度均高于对照组母羊,但差异并不显著（P>0.05）;②与对照组相比,试验组母羊血清的免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）含量显著升高（P<0.05）,总抗氧化力（T-AOC）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量极显著升高（P<0.01）,肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量低于对照组但无显著差异（P>0.05）;③竹酢粉能够显著降低母羊初乳TNF-α的含量（P<0.05）,显著升高初乳超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性（P<0.05）,但对初乳免疫球蛋含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明,日粮中添加竹酢粉能改善妊娠后期湖羊的健康状况,提高母羊的抗氧化和免疫性能。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

乌蒙半细毛羊“锌缺乏症”的研究

试验旨在研究乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的病因。在赫章县兴发养殖场选取20只锌（Zn）缺乏的乌蒙半细毛羊作为试验组,在威宁县凉水沟种羊场选取20只健康的乌蒙半细毛羊作为对照组。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析土壤、牧草和动物血液及肝脏中微量元素的含量,应用全自动血细胞分析仪测定血液参数,应用全自动生化分析仪测定血清生理生化指标。结果发现,试验牧场土壤及牧草中锌含量均极显著低于对照牧场（P<0.01）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液和肝脏中Zn含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,两组间其他元素含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液中红细胞数（RBC）、淋巴细胞（LY）和中性粒细胞（NE）均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而两组间血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（PCV）、白细胞数（WBC）、血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）活性均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"主要由土壤和牧草锌含量过低引起,且在日粮中添加适量的硫酸锌可以防治乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的发生。     

复合益生菌对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫水平的影响

为研究酿酒酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组成的复合益生菌对早期断奶仔猪免疫水平的影响,试验选取（杜×长×大）三元杂交断奶仔猪80头,分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组及对照组,每组20头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.20%、0.30%复合益生菌,对照组饲喂基础日粮,以期评价其生长性能、血液生化、血清细胞因子和肠道黏膜分泌性球蛋白A（SIgA）水平。结果表明,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组末重极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组（P<0.01）;试验Ⅲ组平均日增重极显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组（P<0.05）,对照组、试验Ⅱ组腹泻率均极显著高于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组（P<0.01）;试验组中的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）含量均高于对照组,总蛋白（TP）含量低于对照组,差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验组中尿素氮（BUN）含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组谷草转氨酶（AST）含量显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组（P<0.05）。试验0 d,试验组白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验20 d,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组中IL-6水平极显著高于试验Ⅰ组及对照组（P<0.01）,IL-1β和TNF-α水平与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验40 d,试验组IL-1β水平均高于对照组（P>0.05）,IL-6和TNF-α水平均极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。试验组中空肠黏膜SIgA水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;十二指肠和回肠黏膜SIgA水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,盲肠黏膜SIgA水平低于对照组,差异不显著（P>0.05）。说明不同含量酿酒酵母菌-枯草芽孢杆菌复合益生菌均可有效提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,缓解早期断奶仔猪应激反应,增强断奶仔猪的免疫功能。     

Comparison Research on Nutrient Composition of Meet between Yanbian Yellow Bulls and Steers

In order to compare the nutrient composition of meet between Yanbian Yellow bulls and steers,16 healthy beef cattles from same breed group with similar age and body weight were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with 8 cattles per group.The experimental group was made up by steers and control group was bulls,all cattles were slaughtered after feed for 373 d.The results showed that:① At the early stage of experiment,the total protein,globulin,A/G,blood glucose,triglyceride,aspertate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase levels of the two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05),and albumin,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen and cholesterol of experimental group were extremely significantly or significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01;P<0.05);At the end of the experiment,albumin,A/G and cholesterol of experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05),and the triglycerides content was extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01);There was no significant difference in other indexes between the two groups (P>0.05);② The oleic acid content and C18:1 n9/C18:2 n6 in longissimus dorsi of experimental group were 6.51% and 229.42% higher than that in control group,the difference were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively.The linolic acid and octadecoic acid in control group were extremely significantly higher than that of experimental group (P<0.01);③The proportion of Pro,Gly,Ala and Arg in longissimus dorsi of control group were significant higher than that in experimental group (P<0.05),while other amino contents were no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,the fat deposition,unsaturated fatty acid,especially oleic acid content in Yanbian Yellow steers were significantly higher than bull and it had good meat quality and good taste which was suitable for the production of high-grade beef.     

Stress Response of Akhal-teke Horses after Long Distance Transportation

In order to understand the blood physiological and biochemical reactions after long-distance transport, 23 Akhal-teke horses (male horse 14, mare 9, aged 2 to 6 years old), were selected and transported from Russian to Alashankou of Xinjiang (5 d road transport). 7 and 35 d after reaching the destination, the jugular vein blood were collected for the determination of physiological and biochemical indicators and stress-related hormone levels. The remote control horses without transport (15 local Akhal-teke horses,male horse 10, mare 5, aged 6 to 10 years old) were used for comparative study. The results showed that on the 7th and 35th day after transport, the number and proportion of granulocytes (Gran), hematocrit (HCT), blood platelet (PLT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the local Akhal-teke horses (P<0.05; P<0.01), while the number and percentage of intermediate cells (Mid) and the level of blood glucose (GLU) were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05; P<0.01); On the 35th day after transport, the mean red blood cell volume (MCV), phosphorus (PHOS) and total protein (TP) were significantly or extremely signifcantly increased (P<0.05; P<0.01), and the percentage of lymphocytes (LY) was significantly decreased (P<0.05); On the 7th day after transport, the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), growth hormone (GH), UREA and insulin (INS) were significantly or extremely signifcantly decreased (P<0.05; P<0.01), and the total bilirubin (TBIL) and triiodothyronine (T3) were signigicantly increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) on the 35th day after transport. Based on the above results, after the long-distance transport, there had a corresponding transient stress response in Akhal-teke horses, which required some adjustment after the recovery period (35 d) to let most of the indicators were consistent with those without long-distance transport. So the horses could not be used until they were in a normal state, in order to avoid long-term irreversible lesions.     

Study on the Key Techniques of Rapid Propagation in Purebred Wagyu

In order to rapid propagation of purebred Wagyu, the experiment were conducted to study the effects of high intensity superovulation, embryo sex identification and different breeds recipient cattle on calving, gestation period and calf birth weight. Wagyu were superovulated repeatedly for nine times with a 30 days interval. The results indicated that the average number of total embryos collected at the second time was 22.78, which was significantly higher than those of the fifth to ninth times (P< 0.05),and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant difference between the number of transferable embryos in the first to third times (P> 0.05). The available embryos number of the second times superovulation were significantly higher than those of the fourth to ninth times (P< 0.05),and were remarkably significantly higher than those of the seventh and ninth times (P< 0.01). There were no observably differences of pregnant rate and calving rate between sex identified embryos, and regular embryos respectively (P> 0.05).The female calf percentage of sexed embryos was 95.56%. The calving rate of the Simmental-catalo receptors were higher than those of Wagyu-catalo and Holstein receptors (P> 0.05). The gestation period of Wagyu-catalo were remarkably significantly greater than those of Simmental-catalo and Holstein receptors (P< 0.01), however, there was no significant difference between Simmental-catalo and Holstein receptors (P> 0.05). The birth weight of female calves calved by Simmental-catalo receptors were higher than those of Wagyu-catalo (P< 0.05), which was extremely significantly higher than those of Holstein receptor (P< 0.01). The male calf birth weight was no significant difference in the three breeds receptors (P> 0.05). There were obvious differences between male and female calves in gestation and birth weight with in the same recipient breed.