肌肽锌对低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡骨组织结构和形态计量学的影响

为了研究肌肽锌(Zn C)对低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡骨组织结构和形态计量学的影响,试验采用250只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组(每组50只),对照组饲喂基础日粮(含钙3.55%),低钙组饲喂低钙日粮(含钙1.95%),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别于低钙日粮中添加10,30,50 mg/kg Zn C,试验期60 d。试验结束后,每组剖杀10只鸡,取左胫骨中段作骨组织结构检查和形态计量学测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,低钙组中胫骨皮质骨上出现许多吸收腔,在吸收腔内和髓质骨小梁周围破骨细胞明显增多,骨吸收增强,导致骨质疏松;与低钙组相比,试验Ⅱ组中胫骨皮质骨上吸收腔减少,试验Ⅲ组中胫骨皮质骨上未见吸收腔,在试验Ⅱ组皮质骨外表面和吸收腔内及试验Ⅲ组皮质骨外表面均可见大量骨原细胞和成骨细胞,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组髓质骨小梁表面也可见大量成骨细胞,骨形成明显增强。与低钙组相比,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的骨小梁面积、骨小梁面积百分比、骨小梁厚度均极显著增加(P0.01),骨小梁分离度极显著降低(P0.01);试验Ⅱ组的骨小梁周长、骨小梁数量高于低钙组,但差异不显著(P0.05),而试验Ⅲ组的骨小梁周长、骨小梁数量均极显著增加(P0.01)。说明在低钙日粮中添加50 mg/kg Zn C能有效改善低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡的骨组织结构和形态计量学指标,明显减少骨量流失,对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症产生积极的防治作用。     

依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响

本试验选用200只24周龄健康海蓝褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55%)、低钙组(日粮含钙1.27%)、试验Ⅰ组(8mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症骨组织病理变化的影响。结果显示,与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组骨髓腔面积分别显著下降7.81%(P0.05)和10.26%(P0.05),骨皮质平均厚度分别显著升高23.78(P0.05)和27.60(P0.05),并且骨小梁增厚、变密,骨陷窝变浅,成骨细胞增多,破骨细胞减少。结果表明,低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮能显著改善蛋鸡骨质疏松症的临床症状,与其促进成骨细胞生成,抑制破骨细胞活性,使其骨量增加,骨结构得到改善密切相关。     

依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验选用200只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55％)、低钙组(日粮含钙1.27％)、试验Ⅰ组(8 mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20 mg依普黄酮/kg低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡生产的影响.结果:①试验后期低钙组蛋鸡瘫痪率较对照组显著升高;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘫痪率则较低钙组显著降低;②试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋率分别比低钙组降低8.53％和12.05％(P＜0.01),畸形蛋率分别增加13.06％和23.04％ (P＜0.01),破壳率分别增加22.61％和30.85％(P＜0.01);③试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组蛋壳厚度分别比低钙组降低2.81％和4.69％ (P＞0.05),蛋比重分别降低0.46％和0.34％(P＜0.01);④低钙组蛋鸡骨密度值比对照组低5.99％(P＜0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组骨密度值分别比低钙组高3.43％和4.90％(P＜0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与对照组间骨密度差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果提示,在低钙日粮中添加适量依普黄酮能有效减缓骨钙向蛋壳钙转移的速率,从而维持笼养蛋鸡的骨密度,降低其瘫痪的发生率.     

依普黄酮对骨质疏松症笼养蛋鸡OPG和RANKL表达的影响

选用200只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55％)、低钙组(日粮合钙1.27％)、试验Ⅰ组(依普黄酮8 mg/kg,低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(依普黄酮20 mg/kg,低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对骨质疏松症笼养蛋鸡血清及骨骼骨保护素(Osteo protegerin,OPG)/核因子-相受体活化因子配体(Receptor activatorof NF-κB ligand,RANKL)表达的影响.结果显示:与低钙组相比,30 d时,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清OPG分别显著升高33.12％和60.19％(P＜0.05)；60 d时,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清OPG分别显著升高35.89％和61.59％ (P＜0.05)；30 d时,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清RANKL分别极显著降低63.85％和70.87％(P＜0.01)；60 d时,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清RANKL分别极显著降低69.98％和72.85％ (P＜0.01).与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组骨组织OPG平均光密度分别显著(P＜0.05)和极显著(P＜0.01)升高,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组蛋鸡骨组织RANKL平均光密度极显著低于低钙组蛋鸡(P＜o.01).试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组OPG/RANKL值高于低钙组.结果表明,低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮对蛋鸡骨质疏松症可起到一定改善作用,这可能与OPG上调,RANKL下调,影响RANKL信号通路,使其骨量增加,骨结构改善密切相关.     

依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症相关激素的影响

本试验选用200只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为4组:对照组(基础日粮中含钙3.55%)、低钙组(日粮含钙1.27%)、试验Ⅰ组(8 mg依普黄酮/kg+低钙日粮)和试验Ⅱ组(20 mg依普黄酮/kg+低钙日粮),观察依普黄酮对笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症相关激素的影响。结果显示,各组血清中甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平均呈上升趋势,60 d时,与低钙组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清中PTH水平分别降低了6.12%(P＜0.01)和7.05%(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)水平分别降低了23.72%(P＜0.01)和25.08%(P＜0.01);各组血清中降钙素(CT)水平在15~30 d时均呈上升趋势,在30~60 d时均呈下降趋势。整个试验期,试验组和低钙组血钙水平比对照组有所降低,但差异不显著;各组雌激素(E₂)水平无显著差异。试验结果表明,在低钙日粮中添加依普黄酮能够显著调节蛋鸡体内钙代谢相关激素的浓度,促进钙离子向骨骼沉积,减少骨组织脱钙,缓解蛋鸡骨质疏松的程度。     

肌肽锌对低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡AKP、BGP及E_2的影响

选用250只24周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组50只。对照组饲喂基础日粮(含钙3.55%),低钙组饲喂低钙日粮(含钙1.95%),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别于低钙日粮中添加10、30、50mg/kg肌肽锌,试验期60d,定期采集血样,观察肌肽锌对低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、骨钙素(BGP)及雌二醇(E2)的影响。结果显示,AKP和BGP随肌肽锌添加剂量的增加而降低,20d和40d时,试验Ⅰ组血清中AKP和BGP显著低于低钙组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中AKP和BGP均极显著低于低钙组(P0.01),试验Ⅲ组血清中AKP和BGP均极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P0.01)、显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P0.05);60d时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清中AKP和BGP均极显著低于低钙组(P0.01),试验Ⅲ组血清中AKP和BGP均极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P0.01),试验Ⅲ组血清中BGP显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P0.05);各组E2随日龄的增长而降低,整个试验期,低钙组血清中E2均显著低于对照组(P0.05),其余各组无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,在低钙日粮中添加50mg/kg肌肽锌能更好地改善低钙性骨质疏松笼养蛋鸡血清中骨代谢重要标志物和相关激素的水平,明显降低骨吸收,缓解笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松的程度。     

骨疏康对蛋鸡骨代谢的影响

为研究中药骨疏康对蛋鸡骨代谢的影响，选择90只58周龄的蛋鸡，随机分为3组。对照组饲喂基础日粮，骨疏康组在基础日粮中添加1％的骨疏康，依普拉芬组在基础日粮中添加25mg／kg的依普拉芬。试验为期90d。结果显示，与对照组比较，骨疏康组和依普拉芬组血清Ca、P、AKP、TRACP、BGP水平显著降低，肱骨、胫骨、股骨的骨指数、骨放射密度、皮质骨厚度、皮质骨面积、皮质骨面积比例以及血清中IGF-1水平显著升高，而骨疏康组与依普拉芬组之间无显著差异，表明骨疏康能显著抑制产蛋后期蛋鸡的骨吸收，促进骨形成，改善骨代谢。     

低钙日粮对笼养蛋鸡骨骼显微结构及骨矿含量的影响

将180只19周龄健康伊莎笼养蛋鸡随机分为对照A和低钙B、C、D四组，分别饲喂钙含量为3．55％、2．50％、2．05％、1．27％的日粮。不同时间进行骨骼病理组织学检查和活体骨矿含量（BMC）测定。结论：低钙日粮诱发的蛋鸡骨质疏松除具有典型的骨质疏松病理变化外，骨矿含量也明显减少。     

钙缺乏对蛋鸭骨组织OPG表达及骨形态计量学的影响

将120只产蛋率为85%的山麻鸭随机分为正常日粮组、1/2石粉组和1/4石粉组,饲养12周后取实验鸭股骨进行骨组织计量学测定及应用免疫组织化学方法进行骨保护素(OPG)半定量分析.形态计量学观察发现钙缺乏组骨形成量减少,矿化能力降低,空间结构破坏,骨密度显著降低.免疫组化结果显示,钙缺乏组单位骨小梁面积中OPG表达下降.钙缺乏通过影响相关骨代谢因子分泌,使骨形态结构发生异常改变,最终导致骨骼发育障碍,OPG在骨质疏松发病机制中发挥重要作用.     

日粮不同钙水平对仔猪血液BMP-2和胫骨性能的影响

试验通过研究日粮不同钙水平对仔猪血液中骨形态发生蛋白2、胫骨钙含量、骨灰分及骨密度的影响,探讨仔猪日粮中钙水平的适合添加量。试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将60头杜长大仔猪(体重21.8±2.1kg)分成6个处理,每个处理设10个重复,每个重复1头猪。各处理分别饲喂钙水平为0.3%、0.45%、0.6%、0.75%、0.9%、1.05%的玉米-豆粕型试验日粮。预饲期为7d,试验期28d。结果表明:随着日粮钙水平的提高,血清中骨形态发生蛋白2的含量呈现先增大后减小的趋势(P0.05),并且钙含量为0.75%时,出现最大值(P0.05);日粮中不同钙水平对胫骨钙含量的影响显著(P0.05),且在日粮钙水平为0.75%时,骨钙含量最大;随着日粮钙水平的提高,胫骨灰分含量呈现先增大后减小的趋势(P0.05),并且钙含量为0.75%时,出现最大值(P0.05);日粮不同钙水平对胫骨密度影响显著,随着日粮钙水平的提高呈现先增大后减小的趋势(P0.05),并且钙含量为0.75%时,出现最大值(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮钙水平为0.75%时,仔猪血清中骨形态发生蛋白2含量最大,仔猪胫骨性能最佳。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.