不同铜源及其水平对猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选用54头体重约17kg杜长大生长猪进行试验,研究饲粮中添加不同铜源及不同水平铜对猪生长和血液生化指标的影响.试验设9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2头猪.各处理饲粮为基础日粮分别添加以氨基酸铜(Cu-AA)、硫酸铜(CuSO4)和碱式氯化铜(TBCC)为铜源的铜10,150,250mg/kg.结果表明:添加不同铜源不同剂量铜对猪日增重和料重比均无显著差异;不同添加水平铜对血清白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)含量无显著影响,高剂量铜可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白(CP)活性,显著降低血清尿素氮(BUN)含量(P<0.01),添加150mg/kg铜可显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05);氨基酸铜源可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白活性,显著降低血清BUN含量(P<0.01).     

日粮铜钼水平对绒山羊产绒性能和血液相关激素的影响

研究日粮铜(Cu)钼(Mo)添加水平对快速长绒期绒山羊产绒性能和血液相关激素的影响。采用2×3完全随机试验设计,选取36只1.5周岁辽宁绒山羊,随机分为6组,每组6只,分别在基础日粮中添加3个水平的Cu(0、19和38mg/kg,DM)和2个水平的Mo(0和5mg/kg,DM)进行饲喂。结果表明:基础日粮中添加Cu19mg/kg绒山羊绒毛长度和绒生长速率明显增加(P<0.05),而对绒纤维细度没有影响(P>0.05);添加38mg/kg的Cu有抑制羊绒生长的趋势(P>0.05),且显著降低了羊绒细度(P<0.05)。Cu与Mo的互作对细度的影响极显著(P<0.01)。日粮Cu、Mo水平对血液褪黑激素(MT)、甲状腺激素(T3和T4)水平均无影响(P>0.05);在日粮不加Mo和添加5mg/kg的条件下,添加Cu19mg/kg均明显提高血液类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的水平(P<0.05);低Mo水平下,添加19mg/kg的Cu,提高血液MT的水平(P>0.05)。高Mo则抑制IGF-Ⅰ的分泌(P>0.05),且显著降低了催乳素(PRL)(P<0.05)。未观测到Cu、Mo的互作对血液相关激素的影响(P>...     

高钼条件下日粮不同铜硫水平对绵羊铜代谢及粗料消化能力的影响

选用 4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的 4月龄杂交一代 (无角陶赛特×小尾寒羊 )羯羊 ,采用拉丁方设计 ,研究 4种铜添加水平 ( 0 ,6 ,12和 18mg·kg-1)和 4种硫添加水平 ( 0 ,0 0 5 % ,0 10 %和 0 15 % )在高钼 ( 12 5 5mg·kg-1)条件下对绵羊铜代谢的影响。所用铜源为碱式氯化铜 ,硫为硫酸钠 ,钼为钼酸钠。结果表明 :随着日粮中碱式氯化铜添加水平的提高 ,绵羊血浆中的铜水平显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,三氯乙酸 (TCA)可溶解铜水平也显著提高(P <0 0 1) ,而TCA不溶性铜、血浆铜蓝蛋白 (Cp)和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶 (CuZn SOD)活性则无显著变化 ;随着硫添加水平的升高 ,TCA溶解铜显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,TCA不溶铜显著提高 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆铜、Cp和CuZn SOD活性变化不明显 ;日粮中添加不同水平的铜和硫对铜的表观消化率、羊草干物质消失率及中性洗涤纤维 (NDF)消失率没有显著影响。结果说明碱式氯化铜是绵羊比较理想的无机饲料铜源。     

半胱胺不同添加方式对育肥猪胴体品质及血液生化指标的影响

在育肥猪后期饲粮中,本试验研究了两种不同的半胱胺添加方式对育肥猪胴体品质及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:持续添加半胱胺组(150 mg/kg基础日粮)的效果要优于间隔添加半胱胺组(间隔6天添加1次半胱胺,150mg/kg基础日粮)。与对照组相比,半胱胺两种添加方式均可较大程度地改善胴体品质和血液生化指标。     

苏氨酸与赖氨酸不同比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响

选择96头体重28kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,按试验要求分成4组,分别饲喂不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例(0.62,0.67,0.72和0.78)的饲粮,研究不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响.结果表明,不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成有一定的影响,其中以0.72比例组效果最为显著,全程日增重提高了4.92%,瘦肉率提高了6.47%,肌肉重增加了11.50%(P<0.05),但不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪料重比和内脏器官未产生显著影响.     

日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响

[目的]探讨日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响,为生产特色滩羊肉提供技术支持。[方法]在滩羊日粮中添加0.35 mg/kg(试验组)和0.30 mg/kg(对照组)硒进行饲养试验,研究富硒日粮对滩羊胴体品质的影响。[结果]试验组滩羊胴体净肉率和肉骨比值较对照组分别提高2%和9.6%;试验组滩羊香味氨基酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸含量比对照组提高1.2%、3.8%和21%。试验组镁、钙和钾含量较对照组分别提高31.12%、12.76%和24.77%;试验组滩羊体内硒含量比对照组提高10%。[结论]日粮中添加适量的硒能够提高胴体净肉率、肉骨比值以及镁、钙、钾和硒含量。     

赖氨酸铜对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响

试验选用19~20日龄昆明普通级雄性小鼠108只,低铜饲养20 d后,随机分成3组,每组36只。第1组小鼠饲粮中加入4.5 mg/kg硫酸铜(以铜计);第2、第3组饲粮中分别加入4.5 mg/kg和45 mg/kg赖氨酸铜(以铜计)。测定小鼠部分免疫学指标及抗氧化酶活性,以研究赖氨酸铜对小鼠免疫功能和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,赖氨酸铜对小鼠血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)活性和血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)活性没有显著影响。赖氨酸铜能缓解小鼠胸腺退化的趋势,促进脾脏发育,提高小鼠ANAE T淋巴细胞百分比和试验期内T淋巴细胞转化率,并能提高小鼠血清IgG含量和提高单核细胞吞噬功能的趋势。45 mg/kg和4.5 mg/kg赖氨酸铜添加组相比没有显著差异。     

苏氨酸与赖氨酸不同比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响

选择96头体重28 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪,按试验要求分成四组,分别饲喂不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例(0.62,0.67,0.72和0.78)的饲粮,研究不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪生长性能和胴体组成的影响.结果表明,不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对猪生长性能和胴体组成有一定的影响,其中以0.72比例组效果最为显著,全程日增重提高了4.92%,瘦肉率提高了6.47%,肌肉重增加了11.50%(P<0.05),但不同苏氨酸与赖氨酸比例对生长肥育猪内脏器官未产生显著影响.     

甘草提取物对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究甘草提取物对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。【方法】选取体重约60 kg杜长大三元杂交猪240头,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加300、600和900 mg/kg甘草提取物,试验期12周。【结果】添加不同水平甘草提取物对肥育猪末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、成活率均无显著影响(P0.05),但900mg/kg组的末重、平均日增重最高;肥育猪的屠宰率、胴体长和瘦肉率在4个组间差异不显著(P0.05);900 mg/kg添加组的眼肌面积得到显著提高(P0.05);添加甘草提取物提高了肌肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量但没有达到显著水平(P0.05),肌肉中氨基酸含量在不同组间差异不显著(P0.05);饲粮中添加甘草提取物可显著的提高肌肉中油酸的含量(P0.05),且添加甘草提取物与油酸含量呈极显著的线性关系(P0.01),600、900 mg/kg添加组育肥猪肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);600、900 mg/kg添加组饱和脂肪酸的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】在肥育猪饲粮中添加甘草提取物不影响肥育猪的生长性能,提高了肥育猪的眼肌面积,增加肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量,改善了肉质。综合试验中育肥猪生长性能、肉质性状等指标,建议生长育肥猪中甘草提取物饲料中适宜添加量为900mg/kg。     

丝兰皂甙对绵羊全混合日粮养分表观消化率的影响

选用12只雄性成年东北细毛羊,按随机区组试验设计,采用全收粪法分别测定3个饲喂丝兰皂甙处理(100mg/kg、200mg/kg和300mg/kg)对绵羊全混合日粮有机物质(OM)、干物质(DM)、蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率。结果表明,不同水平丝兰皂甙对各组全混合日粮(TMR)中ADF消化率虽有影响,但各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.05);添加丝兰皂甙300mg/kg处理的OM、DM和NDF消化率分别为70.81%、66.11%和50.47%,显著高于对照(P<0.05),添加丝兰皂甙200mg/kg和100mg/kg处理与对照日粮养分消化率的差异均不显著(P>0.05);CP消化率,添加丝兰皂甙200mg/kg处理显著高于对照和添加丝兰皂甙100mg/kg处理(P<0.05),但与添加丝兰皂甙300mg/kg处理相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Effects of organic chromium supplementation to finishing lambs diet on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium(Cr) to finishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs(age(4.5±0.2) mon;(25.8±3.6) kg body weight(BW)) were randomly assigned to three levels of supplemental organic Cr(0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg–1 dry matter(DM)) in a complete random design. Growth performance was evaluated for 70 d, and then lambs were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Orthogonal contrasts were performed(contrast one-average level 0.2 ppm Cr vs. average level 0.4 ppm Cr; contrast two-level 0 vs. average levels(0.2+0.4) ppm Cr). Orthogonal polynomials were used to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of Cr concentrations. Growth and carcass performance were not affected by supplemental organic Cr. Muscle conformation and leg perimeter linearly increased(P0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. Kidney fat decreased linearly(P0.05) as supplemental Cr increased. In Longissimus dorsi(LD), the ash content decreased linearly, and shear force(kg cm–2) increased(P0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. It is concluded that organic Cr did not affect growth performance, but it improved positively the muscle conformation, reduced kidney fat, whereas in LD there was an increment in shear force in finishing carcass lambs.     

猪脂类指标及其与胴体性状相关性的研究

用在相同条件下肥育的长白、雅南及其杂交猪,测定皮下脂肪、板油和五块肌肉的主要脂类含量和脂肪酸组成。结果表明:(1)粗脂肪、胆固醇含量、碘价和脂肪酸组成,在品种间存在着显著差异;(2)粗脂肪、胆固醇含量、碘价和脂肪酸组成在品种不同部位存在明显差异;(3)胴体瘦肉率与肌肉中粗脂肪、胆固醇含量、脂肪酸的饱和度均呈负相关,与碘价呈正相关;(4)典型相关分析,腰大肌、肌二头肌、脂肪、板油的脂类指标与胴体性状相关(P<0.01),背最长肌、脂肪的脂类指标与肉质性状相关(P<0.01),胴体性状与体尺指标、肉质性状相关(P<0.01)。     

集约化饲养模式下巴美肉羊与小尾寒羊产肉性能的比较研究

为研究集约化饲养模式下巴美肉羊与小尾寒羊的生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质指标,试验选择4月龄体况良好、体重相近的巴美肉羊和小尾寒羊公羔各10只,按品种分为2组,饲喂以精粗质量比为50∶50(干物质基础)的全混合日粮(TMR)。测定各试验羊饲养120d期间的相关生长性能指标和相关屠宰性能及肉品质指标。结果表明:1)巴美肉羊的干物质采食量、试验末体重、总增重和日增重均极显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.01);2)巴美肉羊宰前活重(P0.01)、热胴体重(P0.05)和眼肌面积(P0.05)均显著高于小尾寒羊,而屠宰率则显著低于小尾寒羊(P0.01);3)巴美肉羊背最长肌宰后45min的pH(P0.05)、宰后1h的红色度(a*)和黄色度(b*)(P0.01)以及宰后24h的红色度(a*)(P0.05)等指标均显著高于小尾寒羊,而巴美肉羊背最长肌的剪切力、滴水损失和蒸煮损失等指标显著低于小尾寒羊(P0.05)。由此可见,在以TMR日粮为主要饲喂方式的集约化饲养模式下,巴美肉羊比小尾寒羊能发挥更高的生产性能并生产出品质更佳的羊肉。     

Effects of the Sheep Polyclonal Antibodies Against the Porcine Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins on Porcine Carcass Composition and Meat Quality

To detect the effects of the polyclonal antibodies raised in sheep against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes on the porcine carcass composition and meat quality, 30 pigs assigned into 6 treatment groups were given intraperitoneal injections of sheep antipig adipocyte plasma membrane immunoglobulin （ASIg） or sheep nonimmune serum immunoglobulin （NSIg）. At the end of the experiment, the pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg body weight, and carcasses and meat quality were evaluated. The results showed that when pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, 20 mg purified ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, or 20 mg purified ASIg at 60 kg body weight, respectively, their lean meat percentage, fat meat percentage, backfat thickness, loin eye area leaf fat weight, caul fat weight, heart weight, liver weight, and kidney weight were significantly affected. However, the kidney weight, lurrg weight, dressing percentage, and spleen weight did not remarkably change. Our results indicated that pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, and 20 mg ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, have significantly different drip loss rate, cooked meat ratio, tenderness, storage loss rate, muscle fiber diameter, moisture content, dry matter content, crude protein content, and crude fat content from the control group that received 20 mg NSIg at 15 kg body weight. However, meat pH, meat color value, meat marbling score, inosinate, and myohemoglobin were not significantly affected. Our results indicated ASIg could not significantly affect the content of most muscular amino acids and intramuscular fatty acids.     

和田多胎红羊屠宰性能及6月龄羊肉成分分析

【目的】研究新疆和田多胎红羊的屠宰性能及羊肉成分,为其开发利用提供参考。【方法】选取6月龄羔羊、12月龄周岁羊、2岁成年羊3个阶段的和田多胎红羊公羊各6只,对其屠宰性能及6月龄羔羊羊肉成分进行测定。【结果】6月羔羊的屠宰率与成年羊之间差异性极显著（P<0.01）,与周岁羊之间差异性显著（P<0.05）;是否将脂尾作为净肉,6月龄羔羊的净肉率和骨肉比都与周岁羊及成年羊之间差异性极显著（P<0.01）;除周岁羊骨肉比外,脂尾对不同年龄阶段和田多胎红羊的净肉率及骨肉比均造成显著性差异（P<0.05）;6月龄和田多胎红羊羊肉水分足、粗脂肪含量（98.00±0.95 g/kg）,氨基酸、矿物质种类丰富,其中磷元素（1 600.00±2.66 mg/kg）、油酸（41.30±1.71 g/kg）、硬脂酸（17.40±1.30 g/kg）,含量水平相对较高。【结论】周岁羊及成年羊的胴体品质要优于6月龄羊,6月龄和田多胎红羊有待加强管理;脂尾对和田多胎红羊的屠宰性能影响较大;6月龄和田多胎红羊羊肉成分较为全面,营养价值较高。     

猪RTL1基因多态性及其与胴体、肉质性状的关联分析

旨在研究反转录转座子1基因(retrotransposon-like-1,RTL1)潜在的变异与猪胴体和肉质性状的相关性。测序发现在猪RTL1基因编码区1 209 bp处存在G/A突变,利用PCR-Fnu4H I-RFLP方法在9个猪种中进行了基因分型,并且在360头大白猪×梅山猪F2代群体中进行性状关联分析。结果表明,该位点与皮率、内脂率、6-7腰椎间膘厚、胸腰椎间膘厚、背最长肌pH、股二头肌肌肉色值呈显著相关(P0.05),与骨率、肩部膘厚、臀部膘厚、平均背膘厚、背最长肌失水率、背最长肌系水力、背最长肌肌肉色值呈极显著相关(P0.01)。     

Genetic Effects of H-FABP Gene on Some Pig Economic Important Traits in a F2 Resource Population

The F2 design was used in construction of the pig resource population, and 14 economic impor-tant traits of 119 F2 offspring were measured. The polymorphisms of heart fatty acid binding protein gene (H-FABP) were detected by PCR-RFLP. The effects of different H-FABP genotypes were analyzed by a fixedmodel. The results showed that, the carcass composition traits were affected by H-FABP gene significantly,backfat thickness alive, carcass backfat thickness between 6th- 7th rib, and average carcass backfat thick-ness, of different H-FABP genotypes were significantly different (P＜0. 05). The dominant effects on thetraits demonstrated that the gene affected the carcass composition traits overdominantly. The results alsoshowed that H-FABP gene affected the growth traits and meat quality traits, and the pH1 of different H-FABPgenotypes was significantly different.     

Influence of Different Ratios of Cobalt and Copper Supplementation on Vitamin B12 Status and Nutrient Utilization in Sheep

The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of different ratios of cobalt （Co） and copper （Cu） supplementation on vitamin B12 status and nutrient utilization in sheep. Twenty wether lambs with an average weight （22.9 ± 0.8） kg were randomly divided into five groups and fed with the control diet which was supplied with 0.3 mg kg^-1 DM （dry matter） of Co to the basal diet, and four supplemental diets which were supplied either 0.3 or 0.6 mg kg^-1 DM of Co and 10 or 20 mg kg^-1 DM of Cu to the basal diet, respectively for 8 wk. The supplementation of Co and Cu with different levels improved plasma vitamin B12 concentration which was increased with feeding time, but stable after 6 wk. Vitamin B12 status was accounted for Co intake with no combined effects by supplementation of different levels of Co and Cu. The plasma concentrations of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, folic acid, and glucose did not show the consistent results with plasma vitamin B12, which was considered to be resulted from Cu action. Addition of Co and Cu with different levels had no influence on digestibility of dry matter （DM）, organic matter （OM）, crude protein （CP） and nitrogen free （NFE）, and N metabolism （P〉 0.05）, but the digestibility of fat and fibre （P〈0.01） was enhanced by supplementation of 0.3 mg kg^-1 DM of Co and 20 mg kg^-1 DM of Cu. In conclusion, the supplementation of Co and Cu with different levels has no influence on vitamin B12 status. The optimum ratio of Co and Cu in diet could enhance the nutrient utilization.     

外源性环核苷酸对枯草期同羊肉脂品质的影响

用标准及自制的环核苷酸组合剂分别处理青年羯同羊各１２只，观测其胴体组成、肉质、肝脏、脂肪和血液等性状指标。结果表明，环核苷酸能显著改善同羊的胴体组成，肉质干物质及粗蛋白含量显著增加，脂肪含量显著下降；体脂中对人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸含量及尾脂中饱和脂肪酸含量均显著增加，体、尾脂中癸酸含量显著下降。     

不同屠宰体质量大巴沙猪的胴体和肉质性状

以湘沙猪配套系商品猪大巴沙猪为研究对象,探讨不同屠宰体质量阶段(85～95、95～105、105～115 kg)对胴体性能和肌肉品质的影响,并分析性状间的相关性。结果表明:胴体性状方面,85～95 kg大巴沙猪的平均背膘厚最薄,腿臀比例最高,95～105 kg大巴沙猪的瘦肉率最高,105～115 kg大巴沙猪的屠宰率最高,胴体最长,眼肌面积最大;肉质性状方面,85～95 kg大巴沙猪的肌肉水分含量最高,肌内脂肪含量最低,95～105 kg大巴沙猪的熟肉率、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,饱和脂肪酸含量最低,105～115kg大巴沙猪的系水力、肌内脂肪、肌苷酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,滴水损失、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最低;所有被测猪只的肌肉必需氨基酸,风味氨基酸和微量元素含量均很丰富;根据拟合优度建立了部分性状间的回归方程。综合分析,105～115kg大巴沙猪的胴体性状佳、肌肉品质好,105～115 kg为适宜上市屠宰体质量。