铜川市耀州区农户肉羊农牧生态系统能量流动规律的研究

运用生态学的系统分析方法,以铜川市耀州区金圣生态养羊示范基地农户肉羊农牧生态系统为研究对象,对系统的能量流动规律、种植业与养殖业的生态效率进行分析。分析表明:三种规模养殖农户种植亚系统能量产投比与结构调整前相比分别提高了39.40%、39.50%和30.40%,向养殖亚系统输入的总能量占养殖亚系统需能总量的96.61%,88.45%和80.55%;养殖亚系统的能量转化效率分别达到7.35%、8.00%和8.39%,输入到种植亚系统的粪尿能水平分别是调整前粪尿能输入水平(37.64×103MJ/hm2)的1.57倍、1.84倍和2.07倍。整个系统的经济投入与产出比分别达到1.73、1.83和1.98,三种规模农户的纯收益比调整前分别增加1132.5元、2392.8元和3913.5元。表明农户肉羊生产系统是一个高投入、高产出的农牧生态系统,有较好的生态效益和经济效益。     

基于农户的肉羊农牧生态系统氮素循环与平衡研究

在调查陕西省铜川市耀州区三个乡(镇)260个农户种植业、养殖业及其它副业现状的基础上,本文将当地农户分为3种类型,并对其作物生产氮素利用及投入产出情况进行了分析;同时,结合农户作物生产和肉羊养殖实际,设计了三种典型农户肉羊农牧生态系统,分析表明:在农户耕地面积0.67~1.20 hm2、饲养8.83~17.67个羊单位条件下,粮、经、饲作物种植比例为40∶15∶45时,农户肉羊农牧生态系统内的氮素循环将达到动态平衡,且与调整前相比,作物氮素产出量平均高出91.64 kg/(hm2oa),氮素产投比平均提高了17.65%,农田有机氮再循环系数平均提高了123.53%,良性养分循环指数平均提高了156.52%,每只肉羊养殖效益平均增加130元。该设计模式值得在研究区及类似生态区域大力推广。     

基于农户的肉羊农牧生态系统氮素循环与平衡研究

在调查陕西省铜川市耀州区三个乡（镇）260个农户种植业、养殖业及其它副业现状的基础上,本文将当地农户分为3种类型,并对其作物生产氮素利用及投入产出情况进行了分析;同时,结合农户作物生产和肉羊养殖实际,设计了三种典型农户肉羊农牧生态系统,分析表明：在农户耕地面积0．67-1．20hm^2、饲养8．83～17．67个羊单位条件下,粮、经、饲作物种植比例为40：15：45时,农户肉羊农牧生态系统内的氮素循环将达到动态平衡,且与调整前相比,作物氮素产出量平均高出91．64k/（hm^2oa）,氮素产投比平均提高了17．65％,农田有机氮再循环系数平均提高了123．53％,良性养分循环指数平均提高了156．52％,每只肉羊养殖效益平均增加130元。该设计模式值得在研究区及类似生态区域大力推广。     

临潭县肉羊养殖示范小区建设初探

在高海拔的农牧交错地区建设肉羊养殖小区是农牧民脱贫致富的有效途径之一。临潭县在农业综合开发项目支持下,通过科学规划,选择典型农户,建设日光暖棚,实施围栏放牧和人工草地种植;引进著名肉羊品种,通过放牧加舍饲方式生产商品肥羔;利用健全的肉羊养殖技术服务体系,对养殖小区从饲料储备到肉羊肥育出栏进行技术支持。目前,肉羊养殖示范小区建设已初步成型。     

我国农牧交错带肉羊养殖适度规模研究——以山西省雁门关农牧交错带37县规模肉羊养殖为例

发展高质量农牧交错带草食畜牧业、提升规模化养殖水平是农业相关部门及养殖户共同关心的问题，适度规模养殖为解决我国农牧交错带肉羊养殖业发展提供新的方向。因此，本文以雁门关农牧交错带规模肉羊养殖场为研究对象，根据417份养殖场（户）实地调研问卷数据，运用SPSS 26.0软件研究雁门关农牧交错带现有养殖条件下肉羊养殖适度规模，并提出相应的发展策略。     

中国肉羊养殖碳排放时空演化及减排路径研究

为识别中国肉羊养殖碳排放时空演化特征并探究其减排路径,本研究在采用部分生命周期法测度2002-2019年中国各省(市、区)肉羊养殖碳排放的基础上,将生产效率、区域结构、产业结构、规模效应及技术发展纳入同一研究框架建立LMDI模型。结果表明,胃肠发酵和粪便管理系统产生的碳排放是肉羊养殖碳排放主要来源,两者占比高达75.58%～90.75%;饲料粮种植、饲料粮加工和肉羊饲养耗能碳排放量均呈现上升趋势,尤其是饲料粮种植环节的增长幅度更为显著;中国中度、偏高肉羊养殖碳排放区呈现明显的动态演化态势,而低、高肉羊养殖碳排放区空间格局基本保持不变;规模效应是肉羊养殖碳减排的最大贡献者,技术发展效应是碳增排的最主要推动因素。     

海安县角斜镇山羊规模化养殖发展历程

角斜镇东临黄海,现有数千亩滩涂,草资源丰富,饲养山羊历史悠久,其间经历了农户散养、种植牧草秸秆养殖到现在的高架舍饲多个阶段,目前全镇有省级规模养殖场22个,市级规模养殖户29个,县级规模养殖户6个,存栏山羊16965头,年上市肉羊33937头,规模化养殖占比达45.6%.     

对江西肉羊养殖现状及效益情况调查

结合江西肉羊养殖现状,选择6个具有一定代表性的肉羊规模养殖户,从饲养品种、种羊存栏、经营状况、粪污利用、牧草种植、设施投入和生产成本等基本情况开展调研,并对养殖效益进行综合分析,进而浅析江西肉羊产业存在问题以及发展建议,为高床养羊模式和养殖技术推广示范提供参考.     

通辽市扎鲁特旗生态肉羊养殖模式实施现状与效果调查分析

内蒙古自治区是我国肉羊养殖的主要牧区,但是草地沙化退化现象严重,饲草供应和消费的矛盾日益突出。为缓解草场退化的环境压力和满足现代市场需求旺盛的现状,笔者以通辽市扎鲁特旗为试验点,设计以“公司+农户”组成合作社为基础的肉羊生态养殖模式,公司负责生态修复和人工种植并为养殖环节提供饲料,并且提供给农户种羊和母羊,农户负责繁殖和饲养羔羊,至4月龄、体重约40 kg时出售给公司,公司通过优化日粮配方集中育肥到8月龄、约70 kg时出栏销售,并对其生态和经济效益进行调研和分析。结果说明:合作社式的生态养殖模式不仅通过草地修复和人工种植改善了生态环境,而且通过保姆式管理,集约化生产和销售,极大调动了农户的养殖积极性,公司和农户均得到了可观的经济收益,合作社农户的年收入是个体农户的2倍以上。此模式可以为地方发展肉羊生态养殖产业提供借鉴和参考。     

河南:规模养殖持续发展 肉羊生产继续恢复

<正>2018年以来,河南省肉羊总体形势较好,活羊和羊肉价格持续上涨,养殖效益较好,肉羊养殖积极性较高,规模养殖持续发展,肉羊生产继续恢复。预计2019年肉羊供给偏紧的状况不会发生扭转,肉羊价格将继续上涨,肉羊养殖效益继续保持较高水平。一是规模养殖持续发展。2018年河南省年出栏3000只以上规模羊场达141个,比上年增加37个;年出栏500只以上出栏量比重达到11.9%,比上年增     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.