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智利红 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2002,23(2):38-38
棉籽饼粕是重要的蛋白质饲料资源,但使用不当,会引起动物中毒。其含有的游离棉酚为有害物质,是限制其利用的主要因素。我国生产的机榨或预压浸出的棉籽饼粕,游离棉酚的含量一般在0.06%~0.08%,这类棉籽饼粕不经过处理,直接与其它饲料搭配使用,用量过大会导致中毒。其在饲粮中的安全用量与畜禽的种类有很大关系。1猪对游离棉酚比较敏感,饲粮中棉籽饼粕的添加量应小于10%,同时,猪的饲粮中应适量添加赖氨酸、钙、胡萝卜素等。一般来讲,猪的饲粮中游离棉粕含量不超过100毫克/千克时,猪生长正常,含量在100~2… 相似文献
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棉籽饼(粕)复合脱毒法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蛋白质资源的短缺,将一直是我国饲养业发展的制约因素,预计到2000年用于饲料的蛋白质缺口将达1190万吨。我国目前年产棉籽饼(粕)600万吨,棉籽饼(粕)含粗蛋白34%─38%,是很好的饲料蛋白源。但我国种植的棉花品种属腺体棉,棉仁中含有1.0%─2.0%的对禽畜等单胃动物有多种毒害作用的棉酚(gossypol),经加工提油后,饼粕中仍含有0.12%─0.28%的游离棉酚(Freegossypol),用于饲料,仍远远超过国家限定的标准。所以尽管我国饲料蛋白质资源短缺,棉籽饼(粕)一直没能充分利用。因此,研究一种工业化方法脱除游离棉酚(FG),… 相似文献
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高效降解棉酚菌株的筛选及其发酵技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,我国一些常规蛋白质饲料原料,如鱼粉、豆粕等价格高涨,与此同时一些非常规蛋白质原料,如棉籽粕、菜籽粕等却利用的相当少。我国是一个产棉大国,每年可生产300多万吨棉籽饼粕,其一般含有33%~42%的粗蛋白质,是很好的饲料蛋白资源。但是,因其含有对单胃动物有毒的游离棉酚(C30H30O8),其利用价值和使用量受到极大的限制。为此,国内外许多研究人员对其脱毒方法进行了大量的研究,如物理法、化学药剂添加法和溶剂浸出法等,但诸多方法效果都不十分理想。故本研究旨在筛选出高效分解棉酚的菌株,并运用生物发酵技术探索棉籽饼(粕)利用的新途径,为动物饲料提供更好、更廉价的蛋白质原料。 相似文献
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杂粕型饲料中蛋白质饲料的来源以棉籽粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、葵粕等为主,不用鱼粉,用少量的豆粕或基本不用豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕等。杂粕在全价配合饲料中的用量之和超过12%。随着豆粕饲料原料长期高价位运行,越来越多的养殖户都想通过杂粕代替部分豆粕用于蛋鸡生产,以降低养殖的成本。与豆粕的价格相比,在相同蛋白含量的情况下,菜粕价格相当于豆粕的50%,棉粕相当于豆粕的60%,因此其在日粮配合中使用有降低成本的效果。 相似文献
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用发酵棉粕代替豆粕饲喂犊牛效果试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,随着全国养牛业的迅速发展,新疆养牛业也发展迅猛,引进了大批澳牛。优质的鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料越来越短缺,价格也愈加昂贵。新疆的棉粕资源非常丰富,但因棉粕中含有棉酚,限制了棉粕在牛饲料中的用量。为因地制宜的利用当地的饲料资源,降低饲料成本,提高饲料的利用率,用山西 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2010,(3):71-71
杂粕型饲料的概念(符合下列条件之一者):蛋白质饲料来源以棉籽粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、葵粕等为主,不用鱼粉,用少量的豆粕或基本不用豆粕棉籽粕、菜籽粕等杂粕在全价配合饲料中的用量之和超过12%。 相似文献
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发酵棉粕的营养价值及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
棉粕是一种仅次于豆粕的优质植物性蛋白原料,蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类丰富,但由于含有多种抗营养因子而限制了其在饲料中的应用。利用微生物发酵法处理棉粕可以有效降低其抗营养因子含量,还能提高发酵底物中小分子肽、消化酶、有机酸、益生菌等的含量,从而提高其营养价值。发酵棉粕在动物生产中有较为广泛的应用,在生长育肥猪日粮中使用5%~10%的发酵棉粕替代豆粕,对猪的采食量、日增重和料肉比等指标均没有显著影响,且可降低饲料成本;在鸡日粮中添加5%~15%的发酵棉粕可以提高鸡群免疫力,降低发病率,从而节约用药成本,并可改善鸡肉、鸡蛋的品质;发酵棉粕还可作为反刍动物精料补充料中的蛋白质原料,其所含的营养物质可通过促进瘤胃微生物的生长繁殖从而增加反刍动物对粗饲料的利用率;在水产饲料中用发酵棉粕代替鱼粉和豆粕,不仅可以降低饲料成本及饵料系数,还可以改善水质,提高水产动物体内消化酶含量,从而提高营养物质的消化吸收率。作者综述了发酵棉粕的营养价值,并总结了其在动物生产中的应用研究进展。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献