益生菌—中药复合制剂对猪腹泻的预防和治疗作用

利用三种中药黄芪、黄连、石榴皮和两种益生菌乳酸杆菌-2、枯草芽孢杆菌按一定比例组合成益生菌—中药复合制剂,研究其对仔猪腹泻的预防和治疗作用。从河南新乡某猪场挑取356头仔猪,随机分成预防试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ。在饲料中分别添加中药、益生菌和益生菌—中药复合物,观察其对腹泻的预防作用,对照组为Ⅳ组。从河南周口某猪场挑取自然腹泻发病的仔猪160头,随机分成Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ三组,饲料中分别添加添加中药、益生菌和益生菌—中药复合物,观察其对腹泻的治疗作用,对照组为Ⅷ组。结果表明,在预防仔猪腹泻方面,四组腹泻率分别为12.50%、13.20%、2.41%和33.83%;在治疗仔猪腹泻方面,总有效率分别为90.00%、88.00%、100.00%和12.00%。研究表明,中药、益生菌对预防和治疗腹泻均有一定的作用,但其效果不如益生菌—中药复合物。为临床预防和治疗仔猪腹泻提供新思路,为益生菌—中药复合物的推广应用提供依据。     

苯甲酸和苯甲酸与蜡样芽孢杆菌变种Toyoi孢子混合物对断奶仔猪营养的影响

本研究的目的是评估苯甲酸(VevoVitall(R))和益生菌蜡样芽胞杆菌变种Toyoi孢子(Toyocerin(R))对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响.试验组如下:(a)NC组(阴性对照组):无添加处理;(b)TOYO组:在基础日粮的基础上添加Toyocerin(R)剂量为1×109蜡样芽胞杆菌变种Toyoi孢子;(c)BA组:在基础日粮的基础上添加5 g/kg的VevoVitall(R)(5000×10-6的苯甲酸)和(d)TOYO+BA组:在基础日粮的基础上添加Toyocerin(R)剂量为1×109蜡样芽胞杆菌变种Toyoi孢子和5g/kg的VevoVitall(R).试验结果表明,蜡样芽胞杆菌变种Toyoi孢子和苯甲酸能提高断奶仔猪生长性能,并降低腹泻.     

复合微生态制剂在藏香猪断奶仔猪日粮中的应用研究

试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对藏香猪断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。3组仔猪饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组日粮中添加0.2%的复合微生态制剂,试验Ⅱ组日粮中添加抗生素(0.06%敌它霉素+0.015%吉他霉素),试验Ⅲ组只饲喂基础日粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明,Ⅰ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05);料重比方面Ⅰ组﹤Ⅱ组﹤Ⅲ组。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组腹泻率分别为25%、40%和100%,死亡率分别为0、0和15%。血液中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆固醇量方面Ⅰ组﹤Ⅱ组﹤Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖的含量方面Ⅰ组Ⅱ组Ⅲ组,差异显著(P0.05);三酰甘油的含量方面Ⅰ组Ⅱ组Ⅲ组,差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂代替抗生素可以显著提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,提高机体免疫力。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌显色培养基在饲料检测中的应用研究

为探讨蜡样芽胞杆菌显色培养基在饲料微生物检测中的应用,利用普通培养基和蜡样芽胞杆菌显色培养基,对60份饲料样品中蜡样芽胞杆菌进行分离培养,疑似阳性的菌落提取基因组DNA,利用PCR扩增蜡样芽胞杆菌gyr B基因进行测序验证。结果表明,普通培养基和显色培养基检出的阳性样品分别为13例(21.7%)和10例(16.7%)。通过gyr B基因测序验证普通培养基和显色培养基检测方法的假阳性率分别为76.9%和70.0%。蜡样芽胞杆菌显色培养基用于饲料中蜡样芽胞杆菌的检测,能够有效抑制其他杂菌的生长,降低普通培养基检测的假阳性率,适用于饲料中蜡样芽胞杆菌的检测。     

生物制剂对仔猪腹泻的疗效

将12头确诊为细菌性腹泻的仔猪随机分为4组,即试验I组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组3头。将蜡样芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌与3种杆菌混合制剂分别喂服各组仔猪。结果表明,3种杆菌混合制剂与双歧杆菌对细菌性腹泻疗效较为显著,蜡样芽孢杆菌次之,乳酸杆菌疗效不够明显。     

枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响试验

为探讨枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验选用21日龄断奶的杜长大仔猪270头,随机分成3组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复仔猪30头。对照组为玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别用5%枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕和10%枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中的豆粕。经42d饲养试验,结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕能明显提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日增重分别比对照组提高9.5%(P0.05)和10.6%(P0.05),料重比分别降低8.9%(P0.05)和9.5%(P0.05)。试验第1周,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组腹泻率分别降低54.4%(P0.05)和59.1%(P0.05);试验第2周,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组腹泻率分别降低51.9%(P0.05)和59.2%(P0.05)。枯草芽胞杆菌发酵豆粕还能明显提高消化酶活性。     

双歧杆菌对哺乳仔猪生长发育的影响

试验用双歧杆菌发酵液饲喂哺乳仔猪,观察不同量双歧杆菌发酵液对哺乳仔猪生长发育和腹泻发生率的影响。将80头哺乳仔猪随机分成4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,双歧杆菌发酵液添加量分别为0.4亿、1.2亿和2.4亿CFU。与对照组相比,饲喂双歧杆菌发酵液的哺乳仔猪平均日增质量均有所提高。其中,试验Ⅰ组提高20.0%、试验Ⅱ组提高45.0%和试验Ⅲ组提高20.0%。腹泻率均降低,其中,试验Ⅰ组降低74.8%、试验Ⅱ组降低91.5%和试验Ⅲ组降低66.8%。各试验组间比较,试验Ⅱ组,即双歧杆菌发酵液饲喂量为1.2亿CFU的试验组增质量效果最显著(P0.05),平均日增质量为0.29 kg,与对照组相比平均日增质量高出45.0%,差异显著(P0.05)。腹泻率降低91.5%,差异显著(P0.05)。     

四种芽孢益生菌组合对仔猪生产性能影响的比较

选择40头长荣杂交断奶仔猪(起始重7 kg左右),随机分为5个组,每组8头,两个重复,研究4种芽孢益生菌组合(在乳酸菌和酵母菌的基础方上分别加入凝结芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌)对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻率的影响.结果表明,ADG芽孢杆菌各组高于对照组,但其中蜡样芽孢杆菌组最优;较之对照组,蜡样芽孢杆菌组在前、后及全期ADG分别显著提高45.7%(P<0.01)、14.74%和23.92%(P<0.05);F/G分别降低18.8%(P<0.05),4.3%和7.2%(P>0.05);腹泻率(DR)降低79.97%;表明复合蜡样芽孢杆菌制剂优于其它芽孢杆菌组合,具有抗病与促生长作用.为开发无公害猪用微生物饲料添加剂奠定了基础.     

枯草芽孢杆菌(PB6株)制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率和死亡率,提高生长性能,能够为养殖户和企业带来实际经济效益。本试验将96头断奶仔猪随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组添加克洛生11粉剂0.01%;Ⅱ组添加克洛生11粉剂0.02%,Ⅲ组添加克洛生11粉剂0.03%。结果表明:各试验验组平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的料重比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅲ组蛋白质消化率显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),但对照组、试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组间均差异不显著(P>0.05);对钙和磷的消化率各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组粪便中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数均显著小于对照组(P<0.05);而乳酸菌和双歧杆菌均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。断奶仔猪日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(PB6株)制剂可显著改善其生产性能。     

中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻影响的研究

为了降低断奶仔猪腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪生产性能,从而提高养猪经济效益。试验选择21日龄断奶仔猪104头,随机分成4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。在试验期内分别在日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%中草药添加剂,研究中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响。结果表明：添加1.0%中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪的采食量、日增重、饲料转化率及腹泻率的影响显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组。说明在日粮中添加适量中草药可以提高断奶仔猪生产性能和降低断奶仔猪腹泻率。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.