两种牛结核病检测方法对广西奶牛的检测

牛结核病现行防治政策是对牛尤其是奶牛进行检疫,淘汰结核病牛[1]。现在牛结核病应用较多的检疫方法有变态反应[2]、酶联免疫试验     

结合皮内变态反应与γ干扰素ELISA的牛结核病检疫

巴州辖区内某奶牛场为根除牛结核病对该奶牛场的威胁,技术人员根据该奶牛场情况制定了检疫计划,选用皮内变态反应与γ干扰素ELISA检测相结合的方法,从而达到检疫的目的。初筛检疫使用牛型结核病PPD(纯化蛋白衍生物)皮内变态反应,出现阳性或可疑牛之后,再对其接触较为密切的同群牛进行γ干扰素ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验),目的在于检出与患病动物接触的牛群是否处在牛结核感染的潜伏期。检测结果:皮内变态反应全检150头奶牛后,出现1例阳性牛和1例可疑牛,之后将阳性、可疑与同属一个圈舍的其他13头牛进行γ干扰素ELISA检测,出现1例牛型结核分枝杆菌阳性、14例阴性。表明牛结核PPD皮内变态反应结合γ干扰素ELISA可以有效提高牛结核病检疫的准确性,节省检疫时间,减少因单纯使用牛结核PPD皮内变态反应出现假阳性而造成的不必要扑杀。     

检疫牛结核病的欧共体皮内注射比较试验方法

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起畜和禽类的一种慢性传染病。目前，世界动物卫生组织对牛结核病检疫的指定方法是皮内变态反应。尽管世界上不少国家采用皮内变态反应的检疫方法消灭了牛结核病，但是却付出了极其高昂的经济代价。一方面皮内变态反应方法的敏感性高，非特异性反应较多；另一方面阳性牛检出后淘汰要负责赔偿损失，这种激励政策加速了牛结核病的控制和净化。最近，欧共体也采取了对南欧一些国家贸易中检出的结核阳性牛予以50％的经济赔偿，从而加速了控制结核病的速度。     

牛分枝杆菌MPB64基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

牛结核病主要是由牛分枝杆菌引起的一种人兽共患传染病.人结核病的10%以上是由牛分枝杆菌引起的.牛结核病的防制主要是采用牛结核PPD进行变态反应检疫,对检出的阳性牛隔离或捕杀,以达到消灭该病的目的.但是,应用该防制措施并未达到控制该病的目的,反而近年来呈上升趋势[1].目前,预防人结核病普遍采用卡介苗(BCG),但是,BCG在不同的人群和地域中保护力差异很大[2],尤其对成人的保护效果不佳.对牛和其他动物而言,注射BCG后,变态反应检测均呈阳性,导致人工免疫和自然感染不能区别,影响牛的检疫和国际贸易.     

对牛结核菌素变态反应的评价

结核菌素皮内注射的变态反应是诊断结核病的主要方法。在开展计划检疫和在假定健康的牧场检疫时,一些非结核病牛有时对结核菌素注射呈现阳性反应或疑似反应。据文献记载:当牛患放线菌病、枪形吸虫病、片吸虫病、棘球蚴病、白血     

结核菌素诊断牛结核病几点体会

肉品检验中牛结核病仍然是检出的主要疾病之一。利用结核菌素变态反应诊断牛结核病,可及时地揭发病牛、净化牛群。可是,在结核病检疫实际工作中可能会遇到多种多样的问题,今归结下面几     

γ-干扰素释放法检测奶牛结核病的比较试验

目的：评价γ-干扰素释放试验（IGRA）牛结核病检疫过程中的效果。方法在牛结核病检疫过程中对皮试初筛为结核病和疑似结核病的89（74/15）头奶牛同时进行r干扰素试验、单纯颈部皮试变态反应（SCT）和比较皮试变态反应（CCT）检测,结果单纯颈部皮试变态反应二次检疫中89头牛均判为阳性,单纯颈部皮试变态反应与比较皮试变态反应的阳性符合数为67头。阳性符合率为75.3％;γ-干扰素释放试验和单纯颈部皮试变态反应检测两者的阳性符合数为64头,阳性符合率为71.9％;γ-干扰素释放试验与比较皮试变态反应的阳性符合数为58头,阳性符合率为79.5％。阴性符合数为16头,阴性符合率为48.4％;结论γ-干扰素释放试验在保持较高灵敏度的同时,具有比变态反应更好的特异性。     

奶水牛结核病两种诊断方法的比较

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的人畜共患慢性、消耗性传染病。检疫淘汰自然感染结核杆菌的牛,是保证奶制品安全、预防人结核病的主要措施。水牛可提供比奶牛更优质的牛奶,但也同样面临结核杆菌感染的问题,且国内尚无针对奶水牛结核病检疫的国家标准或行业标准。笔者于2013年春秋两季,随机选取当地奶水牛304头,用皮试法进行初筛,结果表明,采用PPD变态反应结合抗γ-干扰素ELISA对奶水牛群进行结核病检疫,总体上是可行的。此外,PPD皮内变态反应法检出阳性的牛中有2头用ELISA测定为阴性,该假阳性可能是由抗原性相近的副结核分枝杆菌感染等因素所致,具体原因还有待于进一步证实。     

y-干扰素检测技术对奶牛结核病检痘的初步应用

本文在应用牛型提纯结核菌素（PPD）变态反应试验进行奶牛结核病检疫的基础上,引进牛结核分枝杆菌y-干扰素检测技术,初步开展了新型检疫技术的应用研究,证明y-干扰素技术特异性好,敏感性高,操作简便,易于标准化,可作为目前国家标准牛型PPD变态反应的平行试验,完善我国奶牛结核病检疫和净化工作的技术体系。     

不同监测方法在奶牛结核病检疫中的应用

为了解牛型提纯结核菌素PPD皮内变态反应试验和牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA试验的相关性,对规模牛场先进行牛型PPD皮内变态反应试验,采集检疫阳性牛和部分阴性牛抗凝血进行牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA试验,通过试验结果找出两者之间的相关性,研究牛结核γ-干扰素ELISA试验在牛结核病检疫中的可行性。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.