Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Tamarix hispida

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.     

Verification of the resistance of a LEA gene from Tamarix expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to abiotic stresses

The role of late embryogenesis abundant （LEA） proteins in stress tolerance was examined by using a yeast expression system. LEA protein tolerance to the abotic stresses in plants involved in salt, drought and freezing stresses and additional tolerance to heat, NaHCO3 （salt-alkali） and ultraviolet radiation was also investigated. The transgenic yeast harboring the Tamarix LEA gene （DQ663481） was generated under the control of inducible GAL promoter （pYES2 vector）, yeast cells transformed with pYES2 empty vector were also generated as a control. Stress tolerance tests showed that LEA yeast transformants exhibited a higher survival rates than the control transformants under high temperature, NaHCO3, ultraviolet radiation, salt （NaCl）, drought and freezing, indicating that the LEA gene is tolerant to these abiotic stresses. These results suggest that the LEA gene is resistant to a wider repertoire of stresses and may play a common role in plant acclimation to the examined stress conditions.     

Improvement of paper mulberry tolerance to abiotic stresses by ectopic expression of tall fescue FaDREB1

Dehydration-responsive element binding/C-repeat-binding factors (DREB/CBF) control the activity of multiple stress response genes and therefore represent attractive targets for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent) is well known for its bark fibers and high levels of chalcone and flavonoid derivatives. Transgenic paper mulberry plants expressing a tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) FaDREB1 gene under the control of CaMV 35S were produced to examine the potential utility of FaDREB1 to increase the tolerance of paper mulberry plants to abiotic stress. The overexpressing FaDREB1 plants showed higher salt and drought tolerance than the wild-type plants (WT). After 13 days of withholding water, or 15 days in the presence of 250 mM NaCl, all the WT plants died, while the over-expressing FaDREB1 plants survived. The FaDREB1 plants had higher leaf water and leaf chlorophyll contents, accumulated more proline and soluble sugars, and had less ion leakage (which reflects membrane damage) than the WT plants had under high salt- and water-deficient conditions. The 35S promoter-driven expression of FaDREB1 did not cause growth retardation under normal growth conditions. Therefore, improved tolerance to multiple environmental stresses in paper mulberry might be achieved via genetic engineering through the ectopic expression of an FaDREB1 gene.     

刚毛柽柳 FeSOD 基因的克隆及耐盐应答分析磁

植物响应盐胁迫逆境,涉及一系列的保护酶类基因的表达和调控, SOD酶是其中重要的一类。本研究通过对盐胁迫后7个柽柳转录组分析和进一步测序验证,获得了2个柽柳FeSOD基因全长cDNA序列,它们编码蛋白的氨基酸残基数分别为256、308,分子量为63.8、75.4 kDa,理论等电点为5.0和5.1。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示这2个FeSOD基因在盐胁迫后柽柳根和叶中呈现不同的表达模式。在根中,第9天时, ThFeSOD1和ThFeSOD2基因的表达均明显上调。在叶中, ThFeSOD1和ThFeSOD2在胁迫3天受明显的诱导,而5天表达受明显的抑制。     

盐胁迫下构树DREB转录因子基因表达的实时荧光定量PCR分析

转录因子是指那些专一性地结合于DNA特定序列上、能激活或抑制其他基因转录的蛋白质(王少峡等,2004)。DREB(dehydration responsive element binding protein)转录因子是一种特异性的转录因子,当植物在干旱、低温及盐等逆境胁迫下,DREB转录     

盐分、干旱及其交叉胁迫对皂角幼苗生长性状的影响

对皂角在土壤盐分、干旱及其交叉胁迫下生长性状进行研究.结果表明:皂角的存活率、苗高、生物量以及根系比重在干旱、轻度盐分和中度干旱与盐分的交叉胁迫处理下均能维持在较高的水平;叶保水力在各个胁迫条件下均高于对照;盐旱交叉胁迫下水分含量越高,越有利于皂角在盐分下的生长;皂角在轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫、轻度盐分胁迫、轻度干旱轻度盐分交叉胁迫、轻度干旱中度盐分交叉胁迫、轻度盐分重度干旱胁迫、中度干旱轻度盐分胁迫、中度干旱中度盐分胁迫胁迫下能正常生长.     

盐旱交叉胁迫对皂角幼苗保护酶活性的影响

以一年生皂角Gleditsia sinensis Lam.实生苗为材料,研究干旱和盐分交叉胁迫对其膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响.结果表明:盐旱交叉胁迫下,丙二醛(MDA)含量、膜透性呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降;在相同的处理下,随着处理时间的延长,膜透性和MDA含量呈上升趋势,SOD、POD活性均下降,CAT活性先上升后下降.分析认为皂角幼苗在盐旱交叉胁迫下表现出交叉适应性,适度的干旱胁迫可增加皂角的抗盐能力.     

林木非生物胁迫抗性基因工程研究进展

干旱、极端温度和盐害等非生物胁迫因子是制约林木生长的重要因素。由于林木生长周期长, 且抗逆机制极为复杂, 长期以来, 如何改良林木对非生物胁迫的抗性一直是育种学家的难题。然而, 随着基因工程技术的发展, 人们可以在基因水平上改造林木, 提高其抗逆能力。文中主要介绍了林木抗逆基因工程的研究进展, 探讨了目前基因工程技术应用于林木抗逆育种研究存在的问题, 并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

杨树BAG基因的鉴定及表达模式分析

【目的】杨树是我国人工林的重要组成部分,也是公认的模式木本植物。植物BAG蛋白作为保守的分子伴侣,在生长发育和抗逆性中起到关键作用。研究杨树BAG蛋白家族的进化与表达模式,鉴定BAG基因的生物学功能对于林木遗传改良具有重要的指导意义。【方法】以拟南芥7个BAG蛋白为诱饵,搜索毛果杨、水稻和小立碗藓在线数据库(https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov)获得这3个物种同源的BAG蛋白。利用生物信息学构建毛果杨、拟南芥、水稻和小立碗藓BAG蛋白的系统进化树,分析这些蛋白的生化特性及进化关系。结合杨树芯片(http://bar.utoronto.ca)数据,利用qRT-PCR检测杨树BAG基因的组织和逆境(旱和热胁迫)表达模式。【结果】毛果杨包含14个BAG基因,按照国际命名法(以染色体位置进行排序),将其命名为PtrBAG1—PtrBAG14。系统进化树表明杨树、拟南芥、水稻和小立碗藓BAG蛋白相对保守,大体可以分为2个亚家族。第1个亚家族中,大部分BAG蛋白N端含有UBL结构域,可能作为分子桥梁参与降解某些蛋白;第2个亚家族的大部分BAG蛋白含有IQ结构域,意味着这些蛋白可能与Ca²⁺信号相关。杨树BAG基因在不同逆境处理(热胁迫和干旱胁迫)条件下有不同的表达模式。热处理诱导所有BAGs基因表达发生变化,其中BAG1、BAG4、BAG6、BAG7和BAG8表达被激活,而另9个BAG基因的表达被抑制;特别是,热诱导BAG4和BAG6表达上调超过90倍。干旱胁迫条件下,大部分BAG表达变化幅度很小。组织表达模式分析表明,大部分杨树BAG基因在根、叶、芽、小苗、雌花序、雄花序和木质部中表达量很低,只有BAG2和BAG12在木质部中大量表达。【结论】杨树BAG家族共有14个成员,大体分为2个亚家族,在进化上与本文选用的陆生植物拟南芥和水稻BAG蛋白有更高的相似性。杨树14个BAG基因可能都参与了热胁迫调控,但不同成员在抗热过程中起不同作用。相比而言,大部分杨树BAG基因可能并不参与抗旱。值得指出的是,杨树BAG4和BAG6可能在热胁迫中作用最明显,而BAG2和BAG12可能参与木材形成。     

刚毛柽柳NAC24基因的表达及抗逆功能分析

【目的】NAC类转录因子是植物特有的最大的转录因子家族之一,广泛参与植物的生长发育过程,并在植物响应盐、干旱等多种非生物胁迫的过程中发挥至关重要的调控作用。本研究拟从盐生木本植物刚毛柽柳中克隆获得一个NAC转录因子基因,研究该基因的耐盐、抗旱功能,以期为研究木本植物NAC转录因子的抗逆分子机制奠定理论基础。【方法】在刚毛柽柳NaHCO_3胁迫转录组数据库中筛选获得一个NAC转录因子基因,将其命名为ThNAC24(GenBank登陆号:KF031949)。利用生物信息学工具将其与其他9个物种的NAC蛋白进行多序列比对,与拟南芥105个NAC蛋白进行进化树分析。分别用300 mmol·L^-1 NaCl和400 mmol·L^-1甘露醇对刚毛柽柳进行胁迫,在胁迫6、12、24和48 h后分别取刚毛柽柳根及叶组织。通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)技术分析盐、干旱胁迫下ThNAC24基因在不同胁迫时间点及不同组织的表达情况,初步鉴定其是否响应盐、干旱胁迫。为进一步研究ThNAC24基因的抗逆功能,分别构建植物过表达(pROKⅡ-ThNAC24)及抑制表达(pFGC5941-ThNAC24)载体。利用农杆菌介导的高效瞬时遗传转化体系获得ThNAC24基因瞬时过表达(OE)、抑制表达(IE)及对照(Control)刚毛柽柳植株。在盐、干旱胁迫下分析比较了ThNAC24基因瞬时过表达、抑制表达及对照刚毛柽柳植株的二氨基联苯胺(DAB)和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)染色情况,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,及电解质渗透率、失水率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,鉴定ThNAC24基因的耐盐、抗旱功能。【结果】ThNAC24基因的开放阅读框为1 023 bp,编码340个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示ThNAC24在N端的氨基酸序列相似度比较高,具有NAC家族的序列特征;系统进化树分析结果显示ThNAC24与ANAC103和ANAC082的亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果显示:盐胁迫下,ThNAC24基因上调表达,在根组织中胁迫12 h表达量最高,而叶组织中胁迫24 h的表达量最高;干旱胁迫下,ThNAC24基因上调表达,在根组织中胁迫6 h表达量最高,在叶组织中胁迫12 h的表达量最高。ThNAC24基因在刚毛柽柳根和叶组织中均有表达且响应盐和干旱胁迫。过表达ThNAC24基因显著降低了刚毛柽柳H_2O_2和超氧阴离子含量,增强了POD和SOD酶的活性,从而减少活性氧(ROS)的积累。过表达ThNAC24基因能够降低刚毛柽柳在逆境胁迫下的电解质渗透率、失水率及MDA的积累,从而保护细胞膜结构的完整性。【结论】刚毛柽柳ThNAC24基因能够响应盐、干旱胁迫,过表达ThNAC24基因植株通过增强POD和SOD活性,进而提高ROS清除能力,减少细胞受损或死亡,从而提高刚毛柽柳的耐盐及抗旱能力。     

Overexpression of AtNHX5 improves tolerance to both salt and drought stress in Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent) is well known for its bark fibers, which are used for making paper, cloth, rope, etc. It was found that, in addition to its well-documented role in the enhancement of plant salt tolerance, overexpression of the Na+/H+ antiporter (AtNHX5) gene in paper mulberry plants showed high drought tolerance. After exposure to water deficiency and salt stress, the wild-type (WT) plants all died, while the AtNHX5-overexpressing plants remained alive under high salt stress, and had a higher survival rate (>66%) under drought stress. Measurements of ion levels indicated that Na+ and K+ contents were all higher in AtNHX5-overexpressing leaves than in WT leaves in high saline conditions. The AtNHX5 plants had higher leaf water content and leaf chlorophyll contents, accumulated more proline and soluble sugars, and had less membrane damage than the WT plants under water deficiency and high saline conditions. Taken together, the results indicate that the AtNHX5 gene could enhance the tolerance of paper mulberry plants to multiple environmental stresses by promoting the accumulation of more effective osmolytes (ions, soluble sugars, proline) to counter the osmotic stress caused by abiotic factors.     

毛竹TIPs基因家族成员组织表达模式研究

[目的]通过研究毛竹TIPs的分子特征和表达模式,为揭示逆境胁迫条件下TIPs在竹子中的作用提供证据,为培育抗逆的植物新品种提供新的基因资源。[方法]以毛竹为对象,利用生物信息学方法对毛竹基因组中的TIPs基因进行了全面分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析基因在不同组织及干旱、水淹和Na Cl胁迫下的表达模式。[结果]毛竹基因组中含有6个TIPs同源基因,分别隶属于3个亚类(TIP1、TIP2和TIP4)。基因结构预测显示,Pe TIP1;1、Pe TIP1;2、Pe TIP2;2和Pe TIP4;2由2个外显子和1个内含子组成,而Pe TIP2;1和Pe TIP4;1由3个外显子和2个内含子组成。蛋白结构分析显示,毛竹6个TIPs均具有2个典型的NPA结构域和4个ar/R模体。通过转录组数据分析基因的组织表达特异性,结果表明Pe TIP1;1在各组织中的表达丰度均较高;Pe TIP1;2主要在花中表达;Pe TIP2;1在根和鞭中表达量较高;Pe TIP2;2在根中特异表达;Pe TIP4;1在叶片中表达丰度最高;Pe TIP4;2在笋和鞭中表达水平较高,在根中最低。实时定量PCR结果分析证明,干旱处理后毛竹根中Pe TIP4;1的表达量显著升高(p0.01),Pe TIP2;1、Pe TIP2;2和Pe TIP4;2表达受到抑制(p0.01);水淹处理后根中Pe TIP1;1和Pe TIP4;1表达量显著增加(p0.01),Pe TIP1;2、Pe TIP2;2、和Pe TIP4;2则显著降低(p0.01);Na Cl处理后根中6个Pe TIPs的表达量均显著增加(p0.01)。干旱处理后毛竹叶片中Pe TIP1;1、Pe TIP1;2和Pe TIP4;1表达量均显著增加(p0.01);水淹处理后叶片中Pe TIPs表达量均显著提高(p0.01);Na Cl处理后叶片中Pe TIP2;1表达受到明显抑制(p0.01)。[结论]Pe TIPs可能在毛竹抵抗干旱、水淹和Na Cl等非生物胁迫中发挥着不同程度的作用。     

低温、干旱和盐胁迫下沙冬青幼苗脯氨酸含量的变化

沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.(Maxim)Cheng.f)为我国西北荒漠区唯一的常绿灌木,具有极强的抗性。本文对低温、干旱和盐胁迫下沙冬青幼苗中脯氨酸积累的变化进行研究,以期探讨不同胁迫下脯氨酸累积的共性和特异性,为进一步探讨逆境下脯氨酸积累的生理意义提供参考。     

杨树PIF基因家族成员表达模式研究

[目的]为探究光敏色素相互作用因子(PIF)基因在杨树生长发育中的功能。[方法]利用生物信息学方法预测了杨树基因组中的PIF基因家族成员并对各成员的基因结构、保守基序进行了系统分析;在此基础上,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了PIF成员在不同组织及低温、干旱和Na Cl胁迫下的表达模式。[结果]表明:杨树基因组中至少含有10个Pt PIF成员,这些成员在进化上相对保守,均具有典型的b HLH结构域。基因表达分析显示:Pt PIF基因在杨树不同组织及不同非生物胁迫条件下存在明显的表达差异。[结论]杨树Pt PIF基因家族包含10个成员参与不同的生物学过程,研究结果将为深入解析杨树Pt PIF基因的功能奠定了基础。