玉米赤霉烯酮对哺乳动物生殖系统影响研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮对机体产生强雌激素样作用,直接损害动物的生殖系统,导致生殖机能紊乱,造成严重的经济损失。目前,虽然国内外学者做了很多研究来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害生殖系统的机制,但关于它影响生殖机能更详尽的机制还有待于研究。本文对近年来玉米赤霉烯酮对哺乳动物生殖系统毒性的研究进展加以综述,旨在为其生殖毒理学深入研究提供参考依据,进而为预防和治疗该毒素引起的疾病提供理论依据。     

中药缓解玉米赤霉烯酮毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)是一种类雌激素真菌毒素,动物食入后可以对机体产生生殖毒性、遗传毒性和免疫毒性等多种毒性作用,尤其以生殖毒性为主。对雄性动物和雌性动物产生不同的生殖系统破坏作用。大量资料表明,中药的有效成分藏红花、番茄红素、原花青素、水飞蓟素和虎杖苷等可降低其毒性,缓解其毒性作用。论文通过对玉米赤霉烯酮毒性作用及中药有效成分缓解其毒性损伤的研究进行总结归纳,为畜禽玉米赤霉烯酮中毒病致病机制研究及其综合防控提供理论指导。     

玉米赤霉烯酮毒性机理研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,具有类雌激素样作用,能引起动物流产、死胎、返情等生殖机能异常,还可以导致生长下降、免疫抑制、不育、畸形等.国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体的机制.它主要通过影响机体的生殖性能,引起细胞凋亡、致畸、损伤DNA、氧化损害、影响免疫机能等机制,来影响动物与人类的健康.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性机理进行综述.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对动物繁殖性能的毒性作用及其机制

玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）一种由镰刀菌属产生的次级代谢物，化学结构与内源性雌激素相似，因此，ZEA可通过与雌激素竞争性结合雌激素受体，导致动物机体生殖激素代谢紊乱，诱发生殖器官形变及功能障碍，严重危害动物繁殖系统，解决ZEA污染问题己经成为当务之急。本文对ZEA的理化特性、毒性作用等进行综述，以期为有效缓解ZEA毒性及提高动物繁殖性能、促进畜牧业健康发展提供理论依据。     

玉米赤霉烯酮所致氧化应激的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种真菌毒素,对动物具有生殖毒性、免疫毒性、细胞毒性、遗传毒性,并有促癌作用,还能引起机体的氧化应激。玉米赤霉烯酮广泛存在于饲料和谷物中,能引起动物慢性中毒、机能异常甚至死亡,对畜牧养殖业危害严重。介绍了玉米赤霉烯酮所致的氧化应激作用及其机制,以期为阐明该作用机制涉及的信号转导通路提供理论依据。     

饲料中玉米赤霉烯酮的生物降解

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)是由镰刀菌等真菌产生的一类具有类雌激素作用的次级代谢产物,具有强烈的生殖毒性和致畸、致癌作用.它不仅影响饲料食品安全,而且可以通过食物链在人体或动物体中蓄积,进而危害人和动物的健康.目前由于物理和化学去毒方法存在种种应用缺陷,玉米赤霉烯酮生物降解法成为安全、高效且环保的解毒方法而备受关注.本文就国内外玉米赤霉烯酮生物降解的研究作一综述,同时对生物降解应用前景进行展望.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的类雌激素效应和生物学机制

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)在全球范围内广泛存在于受污染的谷物中,例如玉米和豆粕等。尽管ZEA是非甾体化合物,但是能够活化雌激素受体而引起生殖器官功能性和形态学变化。自然界中的动物以猪最为敏感,临床表现包括卵巢萎缩、发情期间隔变长、黄体持久、生殖力减弱和死胚。对比试验表明这些症状的强度取决于生殖系统状态,在动物性成熟之前症状更加显著。ZEA不仅交互作用于两种类型的雌激素受体,而且可以作用于羟基类固醇脱氢酶,这种酶可以将ZEA转化成两种异构体,即:α-玉米赤霉烯醇和β-玉米赤霉烯醇,并进一步还原产生α-玉米赤霉烯酮和β-玉米赤霉烯酮。ZEA被α-羟基化后,类雌激素作用显著提高,玉米赤霉烯酮在猪体内α-羟基化的比例较高,因此,猪成为对玉米赤霉烯酮最敏感的动物。另一个影响种类特征敏感性可能的因素是导致ZEA糖脂化而失活的能力。与其他动物相比,猪具有较低的糖脂化能力,因此对ZEA中毒反应更为敏感。体内和体外试验表明ZEA及其代谢产物是参与甾类代谢有关的各种酶的底物。因此,鉴于上述玉米赤霉烯酮对雌激素受体的交互作用和酶动力学的调节作用,ZEA被称作是内分泌干扰物。此分类证实,母体摄食ZEA会影响后代(F1代)的发育和生殖能力。生物学多样性似乎也可以解释不同日龄的猪产生不同的临床症状,同时也可表明日粮中的玉米赤霉烯酮所产生的危害不会产生显著的临床症状。     

植物提取物消除玉米赤霉烯酮的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）是一种由镰刀菌属真菌产生的具有脂溶性的致病性真菌毒素，广泛存在于小麦、玉米、花生和水稻等谷物中。因ZEA与雌激素结构相似，在动物体中表现出明显的生殖系统毒性，同时会诱发细胞中线粒体的氧化应激，降低机体免疫力。利用植物提取物的强抗氧化作用可以缓解ZEA对机体诱导的氧化应激和组织损伤。文章介绍了ZEA对动物体生殖系统的不利影响及其作用机制，详细阐述了番茄红素、原花青素等6种植物提取物对致病性真菌毒素的消除作用机制以及在实践中的应用现状，为后续植物提取物消除ZEA的研究提供参考。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对母猪的繁殖毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEA）是一种具有雌激素活性的真菌毒素,是猪生产中最常见的霉菌毒素之一。玉米赤霉烯酮广泛存在于谷物原料和配合饲料中,食入被其污染的饲料可导致母猪繁殖障碍,严重影响母猪的生产潜力和生产性能。本文就ZEA在猪饲料中的污染现状、对母猪的繁殖毒性以及毒性作用途径等方面进行综述,为进一步研究提供参考。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对猪的毒性作用及其生物降解研究进展

本文综述了玉米赤霉烯酮的毒性作用机制及其对母猪繁殖性能、公猪生殖机能和仔猪生长性能的影响,并阐述了微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的研究进展。     

Influence of zearalenone on selected biochemical parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycoestrogen frequently found in food and animal feed materials all over the world. Despite its hydrophobic character, ZEA is also found in surface and ground waters which suggests an environmental risk for aquatic animals. Knowledge concerning mycotoxin-related mechanisms of toxicity is still incomplete, e.g. little is known about the influence of ZEA exposure on fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ZEA on selected biochemical parameters in juvenile rainbow trout after 24, 72, and 168 h of intraperitoneal exposure (10 mg/kg of body weight). The analysis showed a slight tendency towards prolonged blood clotting time and significant iron deficiency in the liver and ovary of exposed animals. However, no differences in aminotransferase (AlaAT, AspAT) activity or glucose levels in fish plasma was observed. The results of this study suggest that although trout exposed to ZEA did not exhibit any distinct symptoms of liver damage, the mycotoxin tested was able interfere with blood coagulation and iron-storage processes.     

Preliminary evaluation of influence of zearalenone on cocultures of granulosa and internal theca cells of ovarian follicles in bitches in in vitro culture

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an undesirable substance in feed materials and feed of plant origin. It is an example of the micotoxin that causes disturbances in the functioning of the reproductive system. The wide range of plant compounds in pet food means that ZEA may frequently have a negative effect on pet reproduction. An assessment of the influence of ZEA on the granulosa and theca cells of the ovarian follicle in bitches in vitro was carried out. The co-culture of the ovarian follicles was incubated for 72 hours with the addition of 12.5 ng/ml and 25.0 ng/ml of ZEA. Numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the granulosa cells were noted in the culture with the addition of 25.0 ng/ml of ZEA. Preliminary investigations suggest negative effect of ZEA on the granulosa cells in bitches in vitro.     

T-2毒素的毒性作用及其诱导细胞凋亡机制概述

T-2毒素是一种毒性作用很强的霉菌毒素,是以镰刀菌属为主要产毒菌株所产生的一种A类单端孢霉烯族毒素,在多种谷物中的污染水平较高,通过食物摄入后在人类和动物机体内产生一系列毒性作用,严重威胁人类和动物的健康。论文从T-2毒素的理化性质、产毒菌株、毒性作用及对细胞凋亡的作用机制进行了简述,重点介绍了T-2毒素在免疫系统、消化系统和肝脏毒性、神经和皮肤毒性、血液毒性、生殖毒性方面的研究进展,以及T-2毒素通过线粒体信号通路介导细胞凋亡机制的研究进展,为T-2毒素的深入研究提供参考。     

Influence of zearalenone on reproductive system cell proliferation in gilts

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a macrocyclic lactone, estrogenic, diet-depending and fusaric micotoxin, which is produced on many kinds of cereals and feeds in the favourable conditions of humidity and temperature. The structure of ZEA is similar to the structure of estrogens and it enables binding to the estrogenic receptors. The stimulation of protein synthesis in the cells of the reproductive system, which causes intensification of cell proliferation, is one of the effects of ZEA actions. Oedema and vulva reddening are the clinical, external signs of ZEA intoxication in pigs. The aim of this study was to designate the degree of reproductive cell proliferation after low doses of ZEA were applied per os in sexually immature gilts with simultaneous monitoring of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol levels in peripheral blood. The following were observed in the gilts examined fluctuations of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol levels in blood, which were connected with entero-hepatic circulation and also numerous histopathological changes in ovarian follicle structure. These changes were present in the reproductive system of sexually immature gilts with a big contribution of PCNA-positive cells. The studies show that zearalenone application in sexually immature gilts caused ovarian follicle atresia and apoptoso-like changes in granule cells. Intensified cell proliferation, which was expressed with the growth of PCNA index, was observed in uterus and oviduct.     

线粒体凋亡途径在玉米赤霉烯酮致大鼠睾丸支持细胞凋亡中的作用

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenon,ZEA)雄性生殖毒性作用机理,研究ZEA诱导大鼠睾丸支持细胞(sertoli cell,SC)的凋亡途径,试验选取大鼠原代SC为研究材料,用不同浓度ZEA(0、5、10、20μmol/L)处理SC 24 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平;用Western blotting法检测Bax、Bcl-2等线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达;同时检测了20μmol/L ZEA联合Caspase-8抑制剂(Z-IETD-FMK)处理对SC凋亡率和线粒体凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,20μmol/L ZEA组细胞Bcl-2转录水平显著下降(P<0.05),Bax转录水平显著上升(P<0.05);10、20μmol/L ZEA组Bax/Bcl-2比值及Cyto-CytC、Cleaved Caspase-9、Cleaved Caspase-3表达量极显著上升(P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著下降(P<0.01);与ZEA组相比,ZEA与Z-IETD-FMK联合处理可使ZEA诱导的SC凋亡率极显著下降(P<0.01),tBid/Bid、Bax/Bcl-2、Cyto-CytC、Cleaved-Caspase3、Cleaved-Caspase9蛋白表达显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著上升(P<0.01)。综合试验结果,ZEA能够通过线粒体途径诱导大鼠SC发生凋亡。     

Interaction of zearalenone and soybean isoflavone in diets on the growth performance, organ development and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts

The aim of the present research was to determine the interactive effect of zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavone (ISO) on the growth performance, development of organs and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts. Ninety 75-day-old female pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 26.5 ± 0.60 kg) were randomly allocated to nine diet treatments during the 21-day study. The experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial design using a non-soybean meal diet with the addition of 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA and 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results indicated that simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO had no significant influence on the growth performance in prepubertal gilts. Zearalenone with 2 mg/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the reproductive organs (including uterus and vagina) but had no obvious effects (p > 0.05) on the relative weight of the heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen. Isoflavone at 600 mg/kg could offset the increased weight of the reproductive organs induced by ZEA. Simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO to prepubertal gilts increased the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum (p < 0.05) at day 14 but their levels decreased (p < 0.05) over time. Zearalenone increased the level of malondialdehyde and decreased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in the serum. The results suggested that ISO added to diets at 600 mg/kg could reduce the increase in the relative weight of reproductive organs and relieve the oxidative stress induced by ZEA added at 2 mg/kg during the growth phase in prepubertal gilts.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用

将不同作用时间（时间梯度组）及不同质量浓度（质量浓度梯度组）的玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone,ZEA）作用于体外培养的原代小鼠睾丸间质细胞,时间梯度组设0（对照组）、6、12、24h4个观察组,染毒质量浓度为2.5mg/L;质量浓度梯度组设0（对照组）、5、10、20mg/L ZEA 4个观察组,染毒时间为12h。采用流式细胞技术测定线粒体膜电位和透射电子显微镜观察细胞超微结构的方法观测ZEA对睾丸间质细胞线粒体的损伤作用。结果显示,睾丸间质细胞线粒体膜电位2.5mg/L ZEA暴露6h较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,暴露12h及24h较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）;ZEA质量浓度为5mg/L组较对照组显著下降（P〈0.05）,10mg/L组和20mg/L组较对照组都有极显著下降（P〈0.01）。细胞超微结构分析显示,线粒体的空泡化和内质网断裂的程度与ZEA的暴露存在时间-效应关系和质量浓度-效应关系。结果表明,ZEA可导致睾丸间质细胞线粒体损伤,这是ZEA抑制睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮的一个重要原因。