我国水产饲料的研究进展与展望

20世纪80年代初,国家把水产动物营养学与饲料配方等研究列入国家饲料开发项目,开始了水产动物营养与饲料的研究.目前,对鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、斑点叉尾(鱼回)、罗非鱼等营养与饲料研究具备了一定基础,但由于起步晚、投入少、基础研究薄弱,缺乏系统的科学研究,大多数养殖品种营养研究不够深入,制约了水产饲料工业的发展.水产动物营养研究与饲料技术的开发是水产饲料工业的基础.因此,我国对水产动物营养的研究和开发十分迫切.     

2007年长三角地区水产动物营养与饲料科技论坛

长三角地区是我国重要的水产养殖基地，也是我目重要的水产饲料生产地区，在此区域内集中了众多从事水产养殖业、水产饲料业的大专院校、科研单位和生产企业。在水产养殖业和水产饲料业蓬勃发展的今天，应对原料紧缺的危机，加强区城内行业的交流合作显得尤为重要。为此特举办长三角地区水产动物营养与饲料科技论坛，诚邀各界人士与会，共谋水产动物营养研究和饲料发展大计。     

水产动物营养与饲料学研究热点与趋势

中国是世界上最大的水产养殖国。随着水产养殖业的蓬勃发展,水产饲料行业也得到了快速、稳步的发展。到2005年,我国水产饲料产销量超过了1000万t。按“十一·五”规划,从2005年到2010年,我国水产饲料的产销量还将翻一番。水产动物营养与饲料学的研究是现代水产养殖业和饲料工业的重要理论基础。随着我国水产饲料工业的发展以及国家在水产科研领域的不断投入,     

水产预混料现状浅析

水产预混料现状浅析中国农业科学院饲料研究所任泽林曾虹由于水产动物营养研究的深入，水产预混料配方技术逐步成熟和完善，到目前为止，全国已有数百家生产水产预混料企业问世，这对促进我国水产饲料工业和水产养殖业发展起到巨大推动作用。我国水产饲料工业起步较晚，自...     

我国鱼类营养与饲料的发展及研究趋势

20世纪80年代初期,国家把水产动物营养学与饲料配方等研究列入了国家饲料开发项目,开始了我国水产动物营养与饲料的研究。目前,对鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、罗非鱼等营养与饲料研究具备了一定基础,但由于起步晚、投入少、基础研究薄弱,缺乏系统的科学研究,大多数养殖品种营养研究不够深入,制约了渔用饲料工业的发展。水产动物营养研究与饲料技术的开发是水产饲料工业的基础,因此,我国对水产动物营养的研究和开发十分迫切。1研究现状1.1鱼类营养的科技成就我国从“六五”至“八五”期间,相继开展了“我国主要养殖鱼类的营养需求和鱼饲料…     

第八届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会

<正>由中国水产学会水产动物营养与饲料研究会主办,上海海洋大学、四川农业大学、通威集团联合承办的"第八届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会"将于2011年9月在成都举行。近年来,全球水产养殖业,特别我国的水产养殖业迅速发展,由此推动水产动物营养与饲料研究和水产饲料工业的迅速发展。我国的水产饲料工业随着改革开放的兴起、发展、壮大,短短30年经历了一个从无到有,从小到大,从     

影响我国水产饲料产业升级的科学性和技术性问题分析

我国的水产饲料工业发展历程非常短,真正开展水产动物营养研究与饲料生产应该是在20世纪80年代后期了,到现在不过30年的发展时间,但水产饲料工业的发展速度是非常快的,到2008年全国饲料总量为13 700万吨(2008中国饲料工业年鉴),而水产饲料为1 342万吨、占全国饲料总量的9.79%.     

第八届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会

由中国水产学会水产动物营养与饲料研究会主办,上海海洋大学、四川农业大学、通威集团联合承办的"第八届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会"将于2011年9月在成都举行。近年来,全球水产养殖业,特别我国的水产养殖业迅速发展,由此推动水产动物营养与饲料研究和水产饲料工业的迅速发展。     

我国水产动物营养与饲料的发展概况及展望

一、我国水产动物营养与饲料的发展概况 我国水产动物营养研究始于50年代,但直至80年代才受到国家的重视和关注。近二十年来,在国家、地方水产院校和科研院所的共同努力下,水产动物营养研究取得了相当大的进展。与此同时,水产饲料工业也获得了迅猛发展。 (一)水产动物营养研究进展 从“六五”至今,国家和地方通过立项攻关,已基本摸清了我国主要水产养殖品种的生存、生产和健康所需要的营养元素。迄今为止已证明各种动物均不同程度需要大约50种以上的必需营养素;证明了主要营养素的营养需要量以     

2014北方水产饲料与养殖应用技术研讨会

<正>2014年4月16~17日·大连各相关单位:我国是世界上第一水产养殖大国,水产养殖发展迅速、养殖规模逐年扩大,品种和产量日益增加。伴随着水产养殖业的发展,我国的水产饲料行业的发展取得了长足的进展,水产饲料产量和质量都上了一个新台阶。受当前经济和社会发展形势的影响,水产饲料产业发展面临着重大挑战,如何从技术层面提升是关系产业发展的关键。北方地区作为我国水产养殖的重要区域,水产养殖形式良好,整体发展质量提升,发展速度加快,水产生产呈全面增长的态势。但在养殖品种结构调整、养殖水质改良、基础设施改善、水产营养与饲料研究、配合饲料应用技术等方面有待加强。鉴于此,由大连海洋大学、大连理工大学生命科学与技术学院主办,《饲料与畜牧》杂志社承办的"2014年北方水产饲料与养殖应用技术研讨会"将于2014年4月16~17日在大连召开,邀请水产领域顶级专家就健康养殖、饲料实用技术应用、饲料营养标准、营养数据库建立等方面进行深入探讨,为确保水产饲料产业健康、可持续发展提供参考。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.