油菜种子超干燥保存的最佳含水量研究

对5℃、25℃和35℃条件下保存6个月或12月的油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率和脱氢酶活性研究显示，油菜种子在不同温度条件下有不同的最佳含水量范围，最佳含水量可随保存温度下降而上升，35℃、25℃和5℃条件下油菜种子最佳含水量分别为4．0％－5．4％、4．0％－6．3％和7．5％以上。推荐油菜种子5－35℃超干燥保存的实用含水量为4％－5％。     

油菜应用BN调节剂效果研究

以油菜品种甘杂1号为材料，研究应用BN－3、BN－4调节剂对促进油菜生长发育的作用，结果表明：喷施BN使油菜生育期提前1－2d，增加角果面积22.99-324.60cm^2／株，增加角果0．6－25．5个／株，每角粒数增加0．9－2．4粒，千粒重提高0．05－0．20g，比不施用BN对照增加产量12．2％－14．7％。以抽薹期BN-36mg/kg和始花期BN-36-8mg/kg浓度的施用效果最佳。     

茶多酚药理毒理研究进展及药效动力学初探

茶多酚清除自由基的功能及其对疾病的防治效果已越来越得到认同。那么它进入生物体内后是怎样变化并起到抗氧化剂的作用的？这种抗氧化剂是否会对生物体造成损伤？茶多酚对人体的安全性如何？本文试就这几个问题的研究新进展做一综述。一、茶多酚清除自由基效果和对疾病的防治茶多酚具很强的供氢能力，使它对自由基具有卓越的清除能力。生物学活性研究表明：茶多酚消除活性氧自由基的效率达92％－98％，明显优于VC和VE‘”。茶儿茶素的SO％清除自由基浓度在1－3Pm。（－）－EGCG的清除活性比（－）－EGC高2倍，比（－）－EL和（＋）…     

山苍子雌花和雄花精油成分分析及抗氧化研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从山苍子雌花和雄花中提取精油，并通过GC-MS气质联用仪对其成分分析，从山苍子雌花精油中鉴定出47种化合物，占总峰面积的98.44％，山苍子雄花精油中鉴定出43种化合物，占总峰面积的98.04％。采用体外抗氧化活性测定法，表明山苍子雌花和雄花精油具有一定的抗氧化活性。还原力测定IC50值，雄花为2.330 mg/mL，雌花为1.473 mg/mL；清除DPPH自由基IC50值，雄花为41.62 mg/mL，雌花为9.663 mg/mL；清除羟自由基IC50值，雄花为56.95 mg/mL，雌花为77.98 mg/mL。     

水稻土施用不同氮、硫水平对油菜产量的影响

浙东平原水稻土油菜田间试验施用不同氮、硫水平的结果显示：（1）油菜籽产量随氮肥用量的增大而增加，施N（50－200kg/hm^)不施硫肥条件下，增产幅度为2．0％－11．8％，施N和施S（30kg/hm^2)条件下，增产幅度为2．4％－12．7％。（2）不同施氮水平下，施硫增产油菜籽5．4％－6．9％。（3）油菜氮吸收量随施氮量的增加而呈增加趋势，低氮水平下施用硫肥促进油菜氮吸收量加大。（4）不同施氮水平的产投比为1．5－4．3，施用硫肥的产投比达5．2－6．7，氮硫配施可提高施用氮肥的产投比。     

一种高效、准确测定油菜中维生素C含量的方法

为准确测定出油菜中维生素C的含量，在国标基础上，建立了一种高效、准确测定新鲜油菜维生素C含量 的方法。结果表明：维生素C在测定范围内峰面积与标准液浓度线性关系良好，相关系数为0.9999。油菜维生素C 含量测定的回收率为97.97%~101.40%，相对标准偏差RSD仅为1.84%，说明用该方法重现性良好，具有快速准确、 稳定可靠等特点。贮藏温度越低，维生素C降解的速度越慢，用液氮贮藏样品更有利于维生素C的保存和精准鉴 定；利用液氮冷冻并研磨样品更有利于样品中维生素C的提取，测得油菜中维生素C含量与仅均质化处理相比平均 增加了约16%；液氮中贮藏的样品在不同时间下测定其维生素C含量并无显著变化，测得维生素C含量的RSD均小 于2%。利用此方法可以测定较长时间保存样品中的维生素C，可满足高通量、高准确率的要求，有利于油菜的菜用 营养和育种研究。     

氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法热带水果中的锡

用氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定热带水果中锡。经过正交试验选取测定条件，用SAS处理试验结果的数据，对影响测定灵敏度的一些实验参数进行了优化。方法检出限为0．004mg/kg，相关系数0．9999，线性范围0－200μg/L，回收率89．6％－106．6％，相对误差为0．5％－0．8％。     

菠萝果实的抗氧化性研究

测定菠萝果肉不同提取剂的提取物对DPPH自由基清除能力及抑制鱼油氧化等抗氧化活性指标.结果表明,丙酮提取剂提取的菠萝果肉提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,为40.72％,接下来依次为甲醇、正己烷、乙酸乙酯提取剂提取的菠萝果肉提取物；用2 mL蒸馏水洗脱物在洗脱吸附C18柱水提取物后表现清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,为53.69％:而且发现菠萝汁:鱼油(体积:质量)的比例为1∶5混合时,菠萝汁对鱼油中脂肪酸氧化的抑制效果最好,表明菠萝果肉具有较强的抗氧化活性,具有一定的开发前景.     

天然芸苔素对水稻的增产效果

姜苔索内酯（Brassinolide，简称BR），是本世纪70年代发现的第六类植物内源激素，其独特的自体结构使之具有高效、广谱生理活性的特点。0．15％会苔素内酯EC，系由浙江省义乌市是嘉生化有限公司生产，已有报道对马铃薯、茶叶、南草、油菜、水稻有增产作用。本文试验比较了0．15％会苔素内酯EC与几种常用叶面喷施剂对水稻的增产效果。（－）材料与方法1．供试药剂：0．15％答苔素内酯EC（是嘉天然芙苔素），叶面宝，黑状元，绿邦98’；2．供试水稻品种及栽作：香粳93－25，栽作与当地大田相同；3．试验设置：设警苔素5O00倍，姜苔素1000…     

菜籽多酚的制备、检测及其在加工过程中的变化研究进展

菜籽多酚是菜籽中的一种重要的活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、抑菌、抗氧化、清除自由基等多种生物活性,应用前景广阔。菜籽经压榨后,大部分的多酚都残留在菜籽饼粕中,影响菜籽饼粕的利用,因此研究菜籽多酚的提取、纯化、检测及其在菜籽油加工过程中的变化对于菜籽饼粕高效利用和菜籽多酚的开发意义重大。本文简述了菜籽多酚及其分类,综述了菜籽多酚的制备和检测方法、菜籽多酚在菜籽油加工过程中的变化研究,以期为菜籽多酚的开发和利用提供参考依据。       

槟榔壳多酚组分及抗氧化活性的测定

建立 测定槟榔壳中多种酚类物质的高效毛细管电泳方法,分析不同浓度和不同pH值硼酸缓冲液对10种标准品的分离效果,最后确定最佳缓冲液为0.1 mol/L,pH 9.0的硼酸缓冲液,紫外检测波长为280 nm,分离电压为20 kV。方法简便快速,能在20 min之内将10种酚类物质完全分离开,检测限为0.5～4.5 mg/L。此外,进一步测定了槟榔壳多酚的抗氧化活性,选用3个评价抗氧化能力的指标,即：对DPPH自由基的清除能力、对还原能力以及对ABTS自由基的清除能力。     

Antioxidant activity of small grain cereals caused by phenolics and lipid soluble antioxidants

In this study, the content of soluble, free forms of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) bound phenolics, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids), as well as the content of carotenoids and tocopherols, were determined in whole grains of bread and durum wheat, rye, hull-less barley and hull-less oat, each represented with four genotypes. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as radical scavenging activity with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent, as well as by hydrogen transfer reaction (reduction power) based on the reduction of Fe³⁺. Generally, a considerable variation in antioxidant activities and phytochemical contents was observed between the cereals. Remarkably higher DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power were detected in hull-less barley, followed by rye and hull-less oat and durum and bread wheat, indicating that small grain species have different major antioxidants with different properties. Hull-less barley had the highest content of total free phenols, flavonoids, PVPP bound phenolics and contained flavan-3-ols, not found in other species. Hull-less oat had the highest content of tocopherols, very high content of yellow pigments and PVPP bound phenolics. Ferulic acid was the major free phenolic acid in small grain cereals tested. The relationship between the content of soluble phenols, as well as reducing power and DPPH^• scavenging activity are also considered.     

超高压处理对豆乳总多酚、类黄酮含量及其抗氧化性的影响

研究了豆乳经超高压处理后,其总多酚、类黄酮含量的变化,并用DPPH法、FRAP法分析了上述处理对豆乳体外抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明:200 MPa处理对豆乳中总多酚无显著影响(P>0.05),300、400、500 MPa处理后的总多酚则显著增加(P<0.05),加热处理后显著下降(P<0.05).400、500 MP...     

椰子种皮油提取物的抗氧化活性研究

测定椰子种皮油提取物中的总酚含量,对羟基自由基、DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基、ABTS（2,2连氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻咪唑-6-磺酸）自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力等抗氧化活性指标。结果表明,椰子种皮油提取物中含有较高的总酚含量（68 mg/g）,提取物浓度为0.1 mg/mL时对羟基自由基的清除率为56.89％,对DPPH自由基的清除率为71.0％,对ABTS自由基的清除率为96.4％,表明椰子种皮油提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

不同仓储期普洱茶(生茶)中酚类成分差异及其对体外抗氧化能力的影响

为探究普洱茶仓储陈化过程中酚类物质等品质成分变化及其对抗氧化能力的影响,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法对6个系列3个不同仓储期共18款普洱茶(生茶)中的17种酚类化合物、3种嘌呤碱等品质成分进行定量检测.并对普洱茶(生茶)的铁离子还原/抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力和...     

Effects of Roasting on Phenolic Composition and In vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Australian Grown Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)

Faba bean phenolic compounds encompassed phenolic acids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. Roasting faba beans for 120 min decreased the total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents by 42, 42 and 30 %, respectively. Roasting beans for 120 min decreased the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, total equivalent antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power by 48, 15 and 8 %, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography-post column derivatisation revealed the generation of new phenolic compounds as a result of roasting. Antioxidant mechanism of bean less-polar phenolic compounds was largely based on free radical scavenging activity. The bean phenolic compounds with reducing capability were heat stable. Roasted faba bean extracts (70 % acetone, v/v) were fractionated into relatively polar and non-polar fractions; the latter contributed the majority of the antioxidant capacity. The extracts from beans with different seed coat colours differed in their phenolic compositions, which suggest different levels of potential benefits to health. Although roasting initially lowers the bean antioxidant capacity, prolonged roasting at 150 °C for 60 min and longer causes generation of new phenolic compounds and an increased antioxidant capacity. The findings encourage a wider ultilisation of faba beans for human foods particularly in baked/roasted products.     

Determination of In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects, Antioxidant Activities and Phenol Contents of Some Herbal Teas

In this research, some herbal teas and infusions traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes in Turkey, have been studied for their antidiabetic effects on in vitro glucose diffusion and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Ten aqueous herbal tea extracts were examined using an in vitro method to determine their effects on glucose movement across the gastrointestinal tract. Total phenol content of herbal teas was analyzed by Folin–Ciocalteu’s procedure. Antioxidant activities of herbal teas were evaluated by the effect of extracts on DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Antioxidant activity was defined as the amount of the sample to decrease the initial DPPH· concentration by 50% as efficient concentration, EC₅₀. Antiradical activity [AE] was calculated as 1/EC₅₀. Values were evaluated statistically. Results support the view that none of the herbal teas showed antidiabetic effect on glucose diffusion using in vitro model glucose absorption. Teas were arranged in the order of green tea > peppermint > thyme > black tea > relax tea > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > sage > roselle > olive leaves according to their total phenol contents. Among ten herbal teas, green tea had the highest hydrogen-donating capacity against to DPPH radical. Ranking of the herbal teas with respect to their DPPH radical scavenging activity were green tea > peppermint > black tea > thyme > relax tea > absinthium > roselle > olive leaves > sage > shrubby blackberry. It was determined that adding flavoring substances such as lemon, bergamot, clove and cinnamon, which are commonly used in preparation of black tea in Turkey resulted to have synergistic effect on total antioxidant activities of black and peppermint teas. The highest hydrogen peroxide inhibition value (65.50%) was obtained for green tea at a 250 μl/ml concentration. The H₂O₂ scavenging activity of herbal teas decreased in the order green tea > peppermint > relax tea > black tea > thyme > olive leaves > sage > absinthium > shrubby blackberry > roselle. In particular, their phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities may be useful for meal planning in type 2 diabetes. They could contribute to sustain plasma antioxidant level because antioxidants present in plants and herbs prevent the development of vascular diseases seen in type 2 diabetes.     

苦丁茶冬青粗多糖的分离表征及其抗氧化活性研究

水提醇沉法分离制备苦丁茶冬青粗多糖样品,对其进行初步分离表征（包括总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和红外光谱分析）和体外抗氧化活性（清除DPPH·自由基、·OH自由基清除能力和还原能力）研究。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖中总糖含量为30.67％、糖醛酸含量为12.72％、蛋白质含量为9.35％;含有16种氨基酸成分,总含量为7.72％,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的40.41％;红外光谱显示该粗多糖样品中含有α-吡喃糖环结构;此外,苦丁茶冬青粗多糖具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且其抗氧化活性与多糖浓度之间存在良好的量效关系。     

云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

以芦丁与Vc为对照,测定云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、亚硝酸盐的能力及其还原力.结果表明:普洱茶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与其浓度成正相关,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基与超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,对亚硝酸盐的清除作用不明显,具有一定的还原力.其中,乙醇沉析物、正丁醇提取物、乙醇提取物、乙醇溶解物对DPPH.自由基清除效果较好,相同浓度下优于芦丁;水提取物、乙醇沉析物及乙酸乙酯提取物对羟自由基清除效果较好,但效果不如Vc;乙酸乙酯提取物对超氧阴离子自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用较好,还原力也很强.     

胡椒叶抗氧化物质提取条件初探

采用系统溶剂提取法处理胡椒叶,确定了胡椒叶的乙醇提取相和水提取相具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力和较高的多酚含量;通过对胡椒嫩叶、完全稳定叶和老叶的乙醇和水提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力和多酚含量的测量,得出胡椒嫩叶的多酚含量较高,抗氧化活性较高,老叶次之;采用不同浓度的乙醇水溶液常温搅拌浸提胡椒老叶,得出50%左右的乙醇水溶液提取液具有较强的清除自由基能力,较高的多酚含量(5.4 g/100g)和黄酮类化合物含量(0.8 g/100g)。