水牛iPS细胞转录因子Sox2及协助蛋白HA2-TAT的原核表达

为探讨干细胞转录因子与穿膜肽融合表达蛋白对水牛体细胞诱导重编程的可行性,本试验对水牛iPS细胞转录因子Sox2与细胞穿膜肽HIV TAT进行融合表达,以获得具有自主穿膜功能的Sox2蛋白,建立非转基因水牛iPS生产技术体系。首先人工合成了HA2-TAT序列,并将pET-32a（＋）质粒改造为pET-HA2-TAT基础表达载体,再通过双酶切定向克隆将水牛Sox2基因插入pET-HA2-TAT得到原核表达载体pET-NLS-Sox2-TAT;重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导,用SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot检测融合蛋白表达,再用Ni 2＋柱进行纯化融合蛋白。结果表明,成功表达了融合蛋白HA2-TAT（24 400）和NLS-Sox2-TAT（57 700）;纯化蛋白NLS-Sox2-TAT在咪唑浓度为365.30mmol/L时,出现蛋白洗脱峰,经Western blot验证表达的融合蛋白具有免疫原性。     

牛分枝杆菌mpb64-ag85b-esat6融合基因的分子克隆及表达

以牛分枝杆菌valleeⅢ株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增mpb64、ag85b和esat6 3个目的基因片段,采用重叠延伸剪接技术（SOE）和基因重组技术获得融合基因mpb64-ag85b,将mpb64-ag85b和esat6串联到同一原核表达载体pET32a（＋）中获得重组质粒pET64-85b-e6。将其转化到大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21（DE3）中,以IPTG（终浓度1 mmol/L）进行诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达情况,以Ni^2＋亲和层析柱纯化表达的融合蛋白和Western blot分析融合蛋白的免疫活性。结果表明：表达的融合蛋白大约为76 Ku,与预测大小相符,以Ni^2＋亲和层析柱纯化的融合蛋白能与牛结核病阳性血清发生反应。     

中国美利奴绵羊磷脂酶Czeta基因表达载体的构建及原核表达

构建美利奴绵羊磷脂酶 C zeta（PLCζ）融合蛋白表达载体,并在原核细胞内表达及纯化,为其特异性抗体的制备及生物学功能研究奠定基础。用 PCR 技术扩增出 PLCζ基因片段,亚克隆到原核表达载体pCzn1中,导入 Arctic Express TM （DE3）感受态细胞,IPTG 诱导表达,收样后进行 SDS-PAGE 电泳或Western blot 检验 PLCζ的表达情况。用镍离子亲和层析的方法大量纯化融合蛋白。结果显示,重组质粒经 PCR、酶切和测序鉴定证明载体构建正确。pCzn1表达载体在 Arctic Express TM （DE3）表达菌中能很好地表达融合蛋白。表达纯化后可获得了分子量约74 ku 的融合蛋白,符合预期大小。成功构建 pCzn1-PLCζ原核表达载体,表达并纯化了其融合蛋白,Western blot 试验表明其蛋白分子的完整性良好,这将有利于对 PLCζ蛋白进行深入的研究。     

FMDV免疫活性串联片段FA的表达及免疫原性测定

将口蹄疫病毒免疫串联片段FA克隆至原核表达载体pBAD/TOPO中,经鉴定后得到重组质粒pBAD-FA,将此重组质粒转化到受体菌TOP10中,用诱导剂阿拉伯醛糖分别以不同的浓度进行诱导,并在不同诱导时间进行采样,经处理后做SDS-PAGE、Westem blot分析.结果发现以终浓度为O.002%的阿拉伯醛糖进行诱导,4 h后表达可达到高峰,其大小约为23 kD,软件扫描结果显示,FB融合蛋白的表达量占细菌总蛋白的29.3%,能与抗FMDV抗体发生特异性反应,融合蛋白以包涵体和可溶形式存在.将融合蛋白的可溶性组分用50%Ni-NTA树脂过柱纯化并抽提融合蛋白的包涵体,经过洗涤后分别制成油乳剂疫苗,经皮下注射免疫豚鼠,用乳鼠中和试验测定豚鼠血清中和指数,并用口蹄疫病毒对豚鼠进行攻毒.结果表明,用此融合蛋白可溶部分的纯化产物和包涵体免疫豚鼠能诱导产生高滴度的中和抗体,对病毒的攻击分别提供100%和75%的免疫保护.     

2种不同方法纯化乳酸杆菌重组S-层融合蛋白的比较试验

将重组菌E.coliBL21（含重组质粒pGEX-SLP）经IPTG诱导获得重组融合蛋白GST-SLP,分别用非特异性的氯化锂沉淀方法和特异性的Pierce（R）GST Spin Purification Kit纯化方法,将该融合蛋白进行纯化,纯化结果采用SDS-PAGE方法进行鉴定.结果显示,2种方法均能够获得大小约为71 ku的目的融合蛋白,但氯化锂沉淀方法纯化效果不及Pierce（R）GST Spin Purification Kit方法.该研究结果为进一步研究乳酸杆菌S-层蛋白生物学特性提供了参考.     

赤羽病病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的表达纯化及活性鉴定

为获得赤羽病病毒（Akabane virus, AKAV）核衣壳蛋白重组抗原,经RT-PCR扩增了OBE-1株的S节段,将其插入到pMD 18-T载体,然后用带有酶切位点的引物从该重组载体亚克隆出表达核衣壳蛋白的N基因,用BamHⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后与同样处理的表达载体pET-28a（＋）进行连接,转化感受态细胞BL21（DE3）.将筛选出的阳性克隆进行测序、IPTG诱导表达和融合蛋白纯化及活性鉴定.结果表明,N基因含有1个全长702 bp的ORF,编码233个氨基酸,通过SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析,证实重组菌株可高效表达有免疫活性的分子质量约27 ku的可溶性融合蛋白,用薄层扫描仪分析,其最高表达量占可溶性菌体蛋白总量的58.5%.工程菌经超声波裂解高速离心后,上清液在ProBondTM Purification System（含Ni2＋）天然状态下纯化,可获得高纯度的融合蛋白.     

猪α干扰素与白介素-18融合基因的克隆、原核表达及其抗病毒活性的初步研究

为探索猪α干扰素（poIFN-α）与白介素-18（poIL-18）融合基因的抗病毒效果,本研究通过融合PCR,以质粒pMD18-T/poIFN-α和pMD18-T/poIL-18为模板扩增猪IFNα-IL18（poIFNα-IL18）融合基因。将poIFNα-IL18融合基因插入原核表达载体pET-28b（+）构建重组表达质粒pET-28b/poIFNα-IL18,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析重组表达蛋白;经镍琼脂糖凝胶柱亲和层析纯化后,用微量细胞病变抑制法在PK-15/VSV系统上进行抗病毒活性测定。结果表明成功构建重组表达质粒pET-28b/poIFNα-IL18;SDS-PAGE可检测到分子质量为37 ku左右的蛋白条带,与目的蛋白大小相近;经镍琼脂糖凝胶柱亲和层析纯化,获得高纯度重组蛋白;用微量细胞病变抑制法在PK-15/VSV系统上检测到重组蛋白poIFNα-IL18比单一蛋白poIFN-α和poIL-18的抗病毒活性显著,其抗水疱性口炎病毒（vesicular stomatitis virus,VSV)活性分别为1.03×10⁵、1.28×10⁴及0.11×10⁴ U/mg。     

重组胸腺素α1的发酵、纯化及药效研究

为获得重组胸腺素α1 (recombinant thymosin α1,Tα1),采用融合表达方式表达Tα1基因,重组融合表达载体Tα1/pMAL-C2x转化大肠杆菌TB1构建工程菌.对工程菌进行发酵并诱导表达,得到可溶性表达的目的蛋白.亲和层析纯化融合蛋白MBP-Tα1,经凝血酶裂解融合蛋白,Source Q离子交换,得到Tα1单体,最终目的蛋白纯度大于95％.应用犬细小病毒模型进行抗病毒药效学分析显示,重组Tα1具有抗病毒疗效,其药效与阳性药物日达仙相近.     

水貂生长激素的原核表达及特异性抗血清制备

本研究旨在建立水貂生长激素（mink growth hormone,mGH）的原核高效表达体系,探索mGH蛋白规模化生产方法,利用获得的目的蛋白制备特异抗血清。将已构建的原核表达载体pET28b-mGH转化大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）^TM pLysS感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达,超声破碎菌体后离心获得包涵体蛋白,利用8 mol/L尿素对其进行溶解和复性,经Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化获得重组蛋白。通过Western blotting检测及MALDI-TOF-MS质谱分析对获得的蛋白进行鉴定。用SDS-PAGE电泳法检测蛋白纯度,用BCA法测定其浓度。复性mGH蛋白与完全弗氏佐剂或不完全弗氏佐剂乳化制备免疫抗原,采用皮下多点注射法免疫3只新西兰大白兔,首次免疫剂量为600 μg/只,二免剂量为600 μg/只,三免剂量为400 μg/只。三免10 d后分离制备血清,Western blotting法检测其特异性,间接ELISA法检测其效价。结果表明,原核表达的包涵体经Ni-NTA柱纯化后所得蛋白鉴定为mGH融合蛋白;SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定复性mGH蛋白条带单一,纯度达90%以上,BCA法计算蛋白浓度为669 μg/mL,均达到了免疫动物的要求;制备的抗血清经Western blotting检测具有良好的结合特异性,间接ELISA法测定其抗体效价达1：256 000以上。上述结果表明,原核表达载体pET28b-mGH可在大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）^TM pLysS细胞中高效表达mGH融合蛋白,表达蛋白经变性、复性和纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔,可制备高效价特异性抗血清。     

流产型布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25蛋白的表达纯化与鉴定

获得高纯度具有生物学活性的重组布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白,并进行抗原性的分析。将用PCR扩增出的布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25基因片段分别克隆到原核表达载体pET-32α中,构建pET-32α-Omp10/Omp25原核表达质粒。将其转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）PlysS中,用IPTG诱导表达,经HisTrap HP亲和层析柱分离纯化,分别用Western-blot和间接ELISA检测产物的抗原性。基因测序及酶切鉴定证明pET-32α-Omp10/Omp25原核表达载体构建成功。SDS-PAGE表明,Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白均以包涵体的形式在大肠杆菌中高效表达。经过包涵体的变性、复性及亲和层析纯化,成功获得了大小分别为34 000和44 000的融合蛋白,与预测的相对蛋白分子质量一致。Western和间接ELISA试验证明纯化的Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白能被免疫的牛布鲁菌阳性血清所识别。结果表明,成功获得了布鲁菌Omp10、Omp25融合蛋白,且均具有一定的免疫原性,通过血清学反应证实,Omp10、Omp25蛋白为布鲁菌病临床诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.